Research and Discovery - Wayne State University



Sample Lay Language for Risks

• Decreased lymphocytes (type of white blood cell) in the blood; there may be no symptoms or there may be fever and other signs of infection

• High blood sugar (hyperglycemia); symptoms include high blood glucose, high levels of sugar in the urine, frequent urination, increased thirst.

• Decreased calcium in the blood (hypocalcaemia); symptoms may include muscle cramps, spasms, and twitching, tingling in the fingers and around the mouth.

• Decreased phosphate in the blood (hypophosphatemia); symptoms include muscle weakness, possible bone pain and fractures, possible weakness, loss of appetite.

• Decreased albumin in the blood (hypoalbuminemia); symptoms of very low albumin levels include decreased appetite, all over body swelling or swelling in one part of your body, muscle weakness, muscle fatigue, muscle cramps.

• Increased phosphatase in the blood; can indicate that there is liver damage.

• Increased bilirubin in the blood; symptoms include jaundice, yellowing of the skin or eyes, fatigue, itchy skin, dark urine and low appetite.

• Delayed repolarization of the hearth (Electrocardiogram QT Corrected Interval Prolonged); symptoms include irregular heartbeat.

• Decreased number of red blood cells (anemia); symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, headache, dizziness, pale skin, leg cramps, insomnia.

• Decrease in all types of blood cells (pancytopenia); symptoms may include weakness, fatigue, skin problems (rashes or easy bruising), rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, bleeding problems, infections.

• Decreased number of white blood cells (leukopenia); symptoms include fatigue, increased infections, weakness.

• Increased uric acid in the blood (hyperuricemia); could cause kidney problems or gout.

• Blood creatinine increased; symptoms may include feeling dehydrated, fatigue, swelling, shortness of breath, confusion, nausea, vomiting, dry skin.

• Decreased number of platelets in the blood (thrombocytopenia); if severe, symptoms include increased bruising, bleeding or rash.

• Decreased lymphocytes (type of white blood cell) in the blood; there may be no symptoms or there may be high fever and other signs of infection.

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