Biology 153/155 (2002-2003) Human Anatomy and Physiology



Biology 153: Human Anatomy and Physiology

Biology 155: Human Physiology

Fall/Winter 2018/19

Course Descriptions

Biology 153 (7 credit) is designed for, but not restricted to, students in Dental Hygiene, Midwifery, Food & Nutrition Science, and those applying for entry into the School of Nursing. Prerequisites include Biology 11 or 12 plus Chemistry 11 and 12 (or equivalent). Biology 155 (6 credit) is the lecture portion of the biology 153 course and is open to the general student body. We assume that students have some previous knowledge of biological principles and basic organic chemistry.

Biology 153 has two components: lecture (2.8 hr/week) and laboratory (3 hr/week). Lectures emphasize the understanding of basic concepts in biology, such as the function of enzymes or the role of major cellular organelles, as well as the fundamental concepts in human physiology, such as ionic mechanisms of generation of action potentials or kidney function. In addition, the importance of interactions between organ systems to maintain homeostasis is stressed throughout the year.

Most laboratory sessions emphasize the relationship between structure and function of the human body, allowing students to relate the laboratory material to the physiological concepts presented in the lectures. In addition, the bulk of the instruction in anatomy is accomplished in the laboratory sessions. Finally, several laboratory sessions involve hands-on experiments that investigate organ physiology or test responses of the human organism to changes in environmental conditions.

The comprehensive approach to study of the human anatomy and physiology offered in Biology 153 is designed to equip students for successful completion of courses in the Nursing Dental Hygiene, and Midwifery programs, and, more importantly, for future proficiency in their practice in these professions.

Overall Course Objectives

By the end of this course, students are expected to:

Have developed a thorough understanding of fundamental concepts in human physiology, interactions between major physiological systems, and the effects of selected pathological conditions on the function of these systems and their specific organs.

Have developed solid knowledge of human anatomy including the understanding of the cause-effect relationship between structure and function of tissues, organs, and systems.

Be able to think critically about the importance and impact of physiology of the human body on the practice of nursing or allied health care professions.

Have demonstrated the high degree of maturity and professionalism expected of future health care professionals.

Biology 155 is the lecture-only version of this program (2.8 hr/week). As such, it is primarily a foundational course in human physiology, suitable for students in General Sciences, Biology, and as a preparatory course for the Health Sciences, including Medicine and Dentistry (Biol 155 is not a pre-requisite for these programs). The focus is to study human physiology and understand how physiological changes enable the human body to adapt to varying environmental challenges. As stated above for Biol 153, lectures emphasize the understanding of basic concepts in biology, such as the function of enzymes or the role of major cellular organelles, as well as the fundamental concepts in human physiology, such as ionic mechanisms of generation of action potentials or kidney function. In addition, the importance of interactions between organ systems to maintain homeostasis is stressed throughout the year.

Lecturer/Lab Coordinator Dr. Robert A. Harris 604.822.5709 harris@zoology.ubc.ca

Office # Rm. 2116A, D.H. Copp Building

Office hours M & F 10:00 AM - 12:30 PM, or by appointment

Lectures Sec. 001 T, Th 3:30 - 5:00 PM

West Mall Swing Space room 222

Sec. 002 T, Th 8:00 - 9:30 AM

Geography 100

Labs (153 only) L01 M. 1:00 - 4:00 PM

L0-2 T. 9:00 AM - 12:00 PM

Rm. 2116 L03 W. 9:00 AM - 12:00 PM

D.H. Copp L04 W. 1:00 PM - 4:00 PM

Building L05 Th. 9:00 AM - 12:00 PM

(all lab sections) L06 F. 9:00 AM - 12:00 AM

L07 F. 1:00 PM - 4:00 PM

Tutorial T01 Th. 1:00 - 2:00 PM West Mall Swing Space 221

T03 T 12:00 - 1:00 PM Neville Scarfe Building 210

Required Texts

Martini, F. H. "Visual Anatomy & Physiology", 2nd Ed.

Required Equipment

3-ring binders to file lecture notes, lab notes, and lab reports

USB drive or memory stick for saving lab data

Optional (but highly recommended) Texts

Medical Dictionary

The Internet

The following website will have the lecture material (slides and Lecture Notes) posted in a downloadable format:



Note: Although the internet has become a major source of scientific information, you should remember that, unlike scientific papers or textbooks, most websites do not undergo the process of peer review. Consequently, never assume that everything posted on the web is correct, and when surfing the net, choose websites that belong to well-established institutions such as major colleges and universities.

Evaluation

The distribution of marks in Biology 153 is as follows:

Lecture 60%

Lab 40%

Course Total 100%

The lecture mark is based on:

One mid-term exam in each term 20% (Oct. and March; 10% each)

Winter exam 20%

Final exam 20%

Total 60%

Biology 155 marks will be based entirely on the lecture exams, which will be weighted as follows:

One mid-term exam in each term 30% (Oct. and Feb.; 15% each)

Winter exam 35%

Final exam 35%

Total 100%

Lecture Marks

The lecture exams last either 80 minutes (mid-terms) or 2 hours (winter and final exams) and consist of several questions requiring short to medium length essay-style answers. The exams are designed to test the students’ overall comprehension and ability to integrate larger volumes of course material.

Lecture Grading Criteria (General Guidelines)

A level (80-100%) - Work of Outstanding Quality

Suggests that there is very high quality throughout every aspect of your work including outstanding to very good comprehension of the lecture material, ability to integrate information in a clear and logical manner, and a very high degree of engagement with and interest in the subject.

B level (68-79%) - Work of Good Quality with no Major Weaknesses

Suggests that there is generally a good quality throughout your work, with a few to several problems of minor significance; good comprehension of lecture material with several to a few examples showing the ability to integrate information in a clear and logical manner; relatively high to fair degree of engagement with and interest in the subject.

C level (55-67%) - Adequate Work

Suggests that there is generally adequate quality throughout your work with several problems of some significance; fair comprehension of lecture material with a very few to no examples showing the ability to integrate information in a clear and logical manner; minimal degree of engagement with and interest in the subject.

D level (50-54%) - Minimally Adequate Work, Barely at a Passing Level

Suggests serious flaws or deficits in the quality of your work with minimal comprehension of lecture material; no ability to integrate information in a clear and logical manner; lack of engagement with and interest in the subject.

F Level (0-49%) - Failing Work

Inadequate quality of work for successful completion of the course.

Laboratory Marks

The laboratory mark for Biology 153 is based on:

8 Physiology Lab Reports: 8 @ 2% = 16%

1 full-format lab report (last physiology lab of the year ) 1 @ 4% = 4%

10 pre-lab Anatomy quizzes given before every lab 10 @ 2% = 20%

(except the introductory lab): Total: 40%

NOTE: For the Faculty of Science, a minimum of 60% is required to pass. For Biology 153, you must pass both the lecture and lab components (i.e. get a final mark of at least 60% in each component) to pass the course.

Lab Preparation

Attendance in the labs is mandatory and a mark of 0% will be given for missed labs.

Late lab reports will be docked 10% per day late.

In order to gain sufficient background knowledge of the subject studied, you are expected to read the Laboratory Exercise before arriving in the lab.

Because the lab exercises are long, adequate preparation is essential for timely completion of all assignments! In addition, IT IS NOT ACCEPTABLE to show up late at the start of a lab period, or to leave early simply to accommodate a bus schedule!

Lab Reports/Assignments

Students will work in groups of 2-4; however, separate and independent lab reports / assignments are required from each student following all physiology labs. Plagiarism will be dealt with severely. Instructions for preparation of lab reports are included in the Physiology Lab Manual. Each report must be handed in within one week following completion of the lab, with the textbook and lecture notes used as references

General course guidelines

Please read the following carefully!

It is easy to succeed in Biology 153/155, as long as you approach this course with certain degree of maturity and proper attitude. The following points suggest some strategies that you may find helpful in your study of the lecture material.

1. Always read available lecture notes (not just the slides), BEFORE coming to lecture.

You are responsible for the entire content of the Lecture Notes. Because there is not enough time to discuss everything in lectures, we will concentrate on specific issues that are either more difficult or critically important for the comprehension of the entire topic. Therefore, you MUST read theLecture Notes ahead of time in order to place each lecture in its proper context.

2. Attendance is mandatory.

Not everything is written on the slides! In many instances, important information will be presented orally in class. It is your responsibility to attend class and take comprehensive notes. As a student, I found lectures where the instructor simply read the slides verbatim to be boring. As a lecturer, it is even more so. Therefore, so that neither you nor I fall asleep, I will present a significant portion of the material verbally.

3. Study consistently.

DO NOT wait until last 48 hours before the exam to start studying! The volume of information will overwhelm you, I guarantee it! It is much more effective to spend a short amount of time (even 15-20 min.) in the evening following each lecture trying to understand the material. This way you should establish good comprehension of each individual concept and can concentrate on “putting the pieces together” during the 1-2 weeks before the exam.

4. Ask questions.

I tried very hard to write your Lecture Notes in a clear and easy to follow format; for the most part they are a ‘compressed’ version of your textbook. As you read them, first concentrate on understanding the material on its own, and then try to fit it into the context of a function of a particular organ, a physiological system, or the entire body. However, many aspects of physiology are complex! DO NOT HESITATE TO ASK QUESTIONS each time you run into a problem. REMEMBER, THERE ARE NO STUPID QUESTIONS! You can see me in my office (check my office hours), make an appointment, see one of your TAs (check their office hours), or simply talk to other students in the class or your study group (see below), but never leave questions unanswered. They like to show up on exams!

5. Study in small groups.

It won’t be long before you will get to know other students in the class; you may know some already. Try to establish a small (3-4 students) study group as soon as possible. Try to get together once a week, more often closer to each exam, to reinforce each other’s comprehension of the material, ask and answer questions, etc. Such interactions will help you to assess your knowledge and point to the areas that you overlooked in studying on your own.

Biology 153/155

LECTURE OUTLINE Fall Term 2018/19

Topics covered

Introduction: Basic review of vertebrate and human evolution. Basic chemistry review.

Cell Structure and organelle function

Nervous System: Organization of Nervous Tissue. Resting Membrane Potentials and Graded Potentials.

Action Potentials; Ionic Basis of Action Potential, Channel Cycling and Refractory Periods. Propagation of

Action Potentials. Synapses and Synaptic Transmission; Integration at Postsynaptic Membranes. Neural

Integration; Neuronal Circuits. Special Senses.

Skeletal Muscle: Microanatomy. Mechanism of Contraction. Contraction in Whole Muscles. Factors Affecting the Force of Contraction. Reflex Activity.

Endocrine System: Overview; Hormones. Mechanisms of Hormone Action. The Pituitary Gland and Its

Hormones. The Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands. The Adrenal Gland. The Endocrine Pancreas.

Reproductive System: Determination of Sex. Sexual Development. Endocrinology of Male Reproduction. Endocrinology of the Ovarian cycle. Fertilization and Pregnancy. Endocrinology of Pregnancy. Labour and Delivery Cycle.

Review (Time permitting)

End of Term 1

Important Dates:

Sept 21, 2018 Last day to drop course without a W

Nov 23 , 2018 Last day to withdraw from course with a W

MIDTERM EXAM: October 25, 2018 (Both Sections)

TERM FINAL EXAM: TBA

Biology 153/155

LECTURE OUTLINE Winter Term 2018/19

Topics covered

Cardiovascular System: Heart Physiology. Cardiac Action Potential and Cardiac Contraction. Conduction Pathway and Pacemaker Cells. Cardiac Cycle and Cardiac Output. Regulation of Cardiac Output. Control of Blood Pressure.

Physiology of the Circulation: Physical Principles of Blood Flow. Capillary Exchange

Control of Tissue Blood Flow. Short Term Regulation of Blood Pressure.

Blood: Composition of Blood. Blood Types. White Blood Cells and Red Blood Cells.

Immunology: The Lymphatic System. Inflammation. Innate and Acquired Immunity. Lymphocyte

Development and Selection. Vaccines.

Respiratory System: Mechanics of Breathing. Boyle's Law and Pulmonary Ventilation. Airway

Resistance and Breathing. Gas Exchanges between the Blood, Lungs, and Somatic Tissues.

Transport of Oxygen and CO2 by Blood. Role of Respiration on Blood pH.

Digestive System: Regulation of Gastric Secretion. Gastric Motility and Emptying. Role of the Small

and Large Intestines in Digestion. Chemical Digestion and Absorption, Metabolic Events of the

Absorptive State. Role of the Liver in Metabolism.

Urinary System: General Anatomy of the Kidney. Glomerular Filtration. Regulation of Glomerular

Filtration. Tubular Re-absorption. Regulation of Urine Concentration and Volume. Creation and Role

of the Medullary Osmotic Gradient. Electrolyte Regulation.

HIV Lecture by Dr. M. Harris

End of Term 2

MIDTERM EXAM: March 7, 2019 (Both Sections)

FINAL EXAM: TBA

LABORATORY OUTLINE Fall/Winter Term 2018/19

Lab Date Topic

(week ) Date/Lab

2018

Sept. 3 No Labs

1 10 Introduction and Histology

2 17 Cell Permeability

3 24 Surface Anatomy

4 Oct. 1 Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and the Autonomic Nervous System

5 No labs this week

6 15 Physiology of the eye and Special Senses

7 22 Joints and Body Movement

8 29 Muscle Physiology

9 Nov. 5 Muscle Reflex Physiology

10 12 No labs this week

11 19 Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System

12 26 Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System (cont.)

Winter Break

2019

13 Jan. 2 No labs this week

14 7 Human Vascular System

15 14 Cardiovascular Physiology

16 21 Blood

17 28 Lymphatic System Anatomy

18 Feb. 4 Respiratory Anatomy

19 18 No labs this week

21 25 Physiology of the Respiratory System

22 Mar. 5 Anatomy of the Digestive System

23 11 Digestive Physiology

24 18 Anatomy of the Renal System

25 25 Renal Physiology

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