Saint Leo University



PSY 110HA Module 7 AVP TranscriptTitle: Gender Role TranscendenceTitle SlideNarrator: The following presentation provides a brief introduction to new ways of thinking about gender and behavior. Specifically, this presentation reviews Sandra Bem’s theory of androgyny and culminates into a discussion of gendered behavior. Slide 2Slide Title: Bem’s Theory of AndrogynySlide Content:AndrogynyA person possesses both masculine and feminine characteristics NOT the same as sexual orientationPhoto of three professionals talking.Narrator: The first question you might ask is: what is androgyny? Oftentimes, people are not familiar with this term, have heard in reference to concepts that it is not. Androgyny, by definition, is when a person possesses traits that can be described as both masculine AND feminine. That is, this person regularly expresses ways of doing things that are masculine and also feminine. For example, an androgynous person might not only be assertive in a leadership role, but might also be an effective communicator and concerned about his employees’ well-being. Being assertive and taking the lead are, traditionally, considered masculine traits; whereas, having good communication skills and acting in a caring manner are considered feminine traits. Thus, a person exhibiting these varied behaviors might be considered androgynous. In short, androgyny is an alternate way of identifying one’s gender-role identity. Androgyny, however, is not the same as being gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgendered, or queer identifying. This is not to say a gay man cannot be androgynous, but these are exclusive descriptors. Sexual orientation concerns preference for sexual and emotional relationships; androgyny has little to do with preferences for sexual intimacy.Slide 3Slide Title: Variations Slide Content:High masculine – High feminineHigh masculine – Low feminineHigh feminine – Low masculineLow feminine – Low masculinePhoto of a woman dressed in male type business attire.Narrator: What are the different variations of gender role identity via the definition of androgyny? It is likely best to think of this assessment more as a continuum, but thinking about the different “types” is easier when treated as a categorical variable. The four types are: androgynous, masculine gender-typed, feminine gender-typed, and undifferentiated.Slide 4Slide Title: Variations Slide Content:High Masculine – High FeminineAndrogynousHigh FeminineLow FeminineHigh MasculineAndrogynousLow MasculineNarrator: People that score high on both the masculine and feminine traits are considered androgynous. Slide 5Slide Title: Variations Slide Content:High Masculine – Low FeminineMasculine gender typeHigh FeminineLow FeminineHigh MasculineAndrogynousMasculine gender typeLow MasculineNarrator: People that score high on masculine traits and low on feminine traits are considered masculine gender-typed – this is regardless of one’s biological sex – women can be masculine gender-typed! Slide 6Slide Title: Variations Slide Content:High Feminine – Low MasculineFeminine gender typeHigh FeminineLow FeminineHigh MasculineAndrogynousMasculine gender typeLow MasculineFeminine gender typeNarrator: People that score high on feminine traits and low on masculine traits are considered feminine gender-typed.Slide 7Slide Title: Variations Slide Content:Low Feminine – Low MasculineUndifferentiatedHigh FeminineLow FeminineHigh MasculineAndrogynousMasculine gender typeLow MasculineFeminine gender typeUndifferentiatedNarrator: And finally, people scoring low on both masculine and feminine traits are considered undifferentiated. Slide 8Slide Title: Bem’s HypothesesSlide Content:Androgynous people are more flexible.NurturingAggressive and firmWear many hatsFeminine type – difficult time being assertiveMasculine type – hard time giving up control or working in collective mannerConfirmedAndrogynous people are psychologically more healthy.Second bullet is in grey font color.Narrator: According to Bem’s androgyny theory, two hypotheses (or predictions) are derived. The first is that those who are androgynous will be more flexible in terms of the situations. That is, androgynous people have the ability to be nurturing in one situation, and aggressive and firm in another. Thus, androgynous people are much more capable of “wearing many hats.” In contrast, feminine typed individuals have a hard time being assertive when the situation deems it. Masculine typed people have a hard time giving up control and working in a more collective manner. Slide 9Slide Title: Bem’s HypothesesSlide Content:Androgynous people are more flexible.Androgynous people are psychologically more healthy.Validation less clearPositive masculine and feminine traits correlated to well-beingNot confirmedFirst bullet is in grey font color.Narrator: Bem’s second hypothesis is that androgynous people should be more psychologically healthy compared to those who are not. Validating this prediction is less clear from Bem’s research. Rather, what was discovered is having more positive masculine traits and positive feminine traits were correlated to well-being. For example, we can think of a positive masculine trait, such as independence and negative masculine trait, such as aggressiveness. Slide 10Slide Title: Perpetuating StereotypesSlide Content:Labeling “feminine” and “masculine” might perpetuate a gendered worldview.If we want to change how people view behaviors, shouldn’t we remove the gendered labels?Image of Barbie doll.Narrator: While the research on androgyny is interesting and gives us a new way of thinking about gender roles, many have called into question whether Bem’s theory of androgyny perpetuates gender stereotypes. One person who calls this into question is Bem herself. By labeling some behaviors as masculine and some as feminine, do we just perpetuate the labeling? Slide 11Slide Title: Gender-Role TranscendenceSlide Content:Moving beyond the labelInstrumental or agenticExpressive or communalPhoto of two mountain bike riders.Narrator: Some researchers are now focused on researching qualities that move beyond the labels of “genderized” behaviors. Rather, gender-role transcendence is a perspective that encourages people to become fully human without the gender-role labeling. Instead of using labels like masculine and feminine, we should identify behaviors and traits as possessing instrumentality, expressiveness, communality, etc. These terms, in part, remove the quality of gender and move us toward thinking about different ways of experiencing the world regardless of gender. Slide 12End of presentation. ................
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