Lesson 1 | Substances and Mixtures



Lesson 1 | Substances and Mixtures

|Student Labs and Activities |Page |Appropriate For: |

|Launch Lab |8 |all students |

|Content Vocabulary |9 |all students |

|Lesson Outline |10 |all students |

|MiniLab |12 |all students |

|Content Practice A |13 |[pic] |

|Content Practice B |14 | [pic] |

|School to Home |15 |all students |

|Key Concept Builders |16 |[pic] |

|Enrichment |20 |all students |

|Challenge |21 | [pic] |

|Assessment | | |

|Lesson Quiz A |22 |[pic] |

|Lesson Quiz B |23 | [pic] |

| | | |

| | | |

|[pic] |Approaching Level |[pic] |On Level |[pic] |Beyond Level |[pic] |English-Language Learner |

Teacher evaluation will determine which activities to use or modify to meet any student’s proficiency level.

Matter and Atoms 7

Name Date Class

LESSON 1: 10 minutes

Can you always see the parts of materials?

If you eat a pizza, you can see the cheese, the pepperoni, and the other parts it is made from.

Can you always see the individual parts when you mix materials?

Procedure

1. Read and complete a lab safety form.

2. Observe the materials at the eight

stations your teacher has set up.

3. Record in the Data and Observations

section below the name and a short

description of each material.

Data and Observations

Think About This

1. Classify Which materials have easily identifiable parts?

2. Key Concept Is it always easy to see the parts of materials that are mixed? Explain.

8 Matter and Atoms

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Substances and Mixtures

Directions: Explain the differences between the terms in each pair on the lines provided. Use complete sentences.

1. heterogeneous mixture; homogenous mixture

2. atom; element

3. element; compound

4. substance; mixture

5. molecule; atom

6. compound; molecule

7. individual; multiple

8. chemical change; physical change

9. matter; substance

Matter and Atoms 9

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Substances and Mixtures

A. What is matter?

1. Anything that has mass and takes up space is considered to

be .

2. Types of , including heat, sound, and electricity, and

such as magnetism and gravity are not matter.

B. What is matter made of?

1. The building blocks of matter are small particles called .

2. The different ways that atoms combine with each other help us identify different

types of .

C. Classifying Matter

1. Scientists classify all matter into two main groups:

and .

2. The difference between the two main kinds of matter is

their .

D. What is a substance?

1. Matter with a composition that is always the same is

a(n) .

2. A substance made up on only one kind of atom, such as gold is

a(n) .

a. Some elements are formed of , which are units

formed of two or more atoms that are held together by chemical bonds.

b. There are about 115 elements, each of which has its own

chemical .

3. A(n) is a substance made up of two or more elements

that are chemically joined in a specific combination; most matter is formed

of .

E. What is a mixture?

1. Matter that can vary in its composition is a(n) .

2. The substances that make up are not bonded together.

10 Matter and Atoms

Name Date Class

Lesson Outline continued

F. Types of Mixtures

1. Mixtures differ in how the substances that form them

are mixed.

2. A mixture, such as trail mix, in which the substances are not evenly mixed is

a(n) mixture.

3. A mixture in which two or more substances are evenly mixed, but not bonded

together is a(n) mixture, also called

a(n) .

4. All three states of matter can be a(n) or a solvent in

a solution.

G. Compounds v. Mixtures

1. The parts of any kind of , including trail mix, soda,

and air, keep their properties.

2. The atoms that make up a(n) are bonded together, so

its composition is always the same.

3. The substances that make up a(n) are not bonded

together, so adding more of one substance in a solution will not change the

composition of the solution.

4. You can separate the parts of any mixture by using

processes.

a. A(n) , a strainer, or a ladle can be used to separate the

parts of a(n) mixture.

b. The best methods for separating a(n) mixture—a

solution—is to use or evaporation.

H. Visualizing Classification of Matter

1. Matter can be classified as a(n) or

a(n) .

2. A substance can be classified as a(n) or

a(n) .

3. A mixture can be classified as

or .

4. All the matter in every category is made up of .

Matter and Atoms 11

Name Date Class

LESSON 1: 20 minutes

How do elements, compounds, and mixtures differ?

The elements in a compound cannot be separated easily. However, you often can use the

properties of the substances in a mixture to separate them.

Procedure

1. Read and complete a lab safety form.

2. Observe samples of sand and iron

filings with a magnifying lens.

Record your observations in the Data

and Observations section below.

3. Combine the sand and iron filings in a

clear cup. Stir with a toothpick.

Observe the mixture with the

magnifying lens. Record your

observations.

4. Cover one end of a magnet with

plastic wrap. Stir the mixture with

the covered magnet. Record your

observations.

Data and Observations

Analyze and Conclude

1. Classify The formula for sand is SiO2. The symbol for iron is Fe. Use this to classify each

as an element, a compound, or a mixture.

2. Key Concept What are two ways you could tell from your observations that the

combination of sand and iron filings is a mixture and not a substance?

12 Matter and Atoms

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Substances and Mixtures

Directions: Use the clues to complete the crossword puzzle.

Clues

Across

1. a mixture in which two or more

substances are evenly mixed but not

bonded together

6. a mixture in which the substances are

not evenly mixed

7. two or more atoms that are held

together by chemical bonds and act

as a unit

8. matter with a composition that is

always the same

Down

2. anything that has mass and takes

up space

3. substance made of only one kind of

atom

4. a small particle that is the building

block of matter

5. substance made of two or more

elements that are chemically joined

in a specific combination

Matter and Atoms 13

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Substances and Mixtures

Directions: On the line before each statement, write T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false. If the

statement is false, change the underlined word(s) to make it true. Write your changes on the lines provided.

1. Gravity is matter because it does not have mass and volume.

2. Each type of atom has a different number of smaller particles.

3. The composition of a substance is always the same.

4. The substances in a mixture are bonded together.

5. All atoms of an element are alike.

6. The atoms in a molecule are held together by chemical bonds.

7. Elements can be classified as metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

8. Compounds are made of atoms of the same element bonded together.

9. Soda is an example of a heterogeneous mixture, or a mixture in which two or

more substances are evenly mixed but not bonded together.

14 Matter and Atoms

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Substances and Mixtures

Directions: Use your textbook to complete the activity.

Use the word bank below to complete the concept map describing how matter is classified.

|compounds |elements |heterogeneous mixtures |

|homogeneous mixtures |mixtures |substance |

Matter and Atoms 15

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Substances and Mixtures

Key Concept What is the relationship among atoms, elements, and compounds?

Directions: Answer each question or respond to each statement in the space provided.

|1. What is an atom? | |

|2. What happens when atoms | |

|combine? | |

|3. What is an element? | |

|4. Name three elements. | |

|5. What is the relationship among | |

|atoms, elements, and molecules? | |

|6. What is a compound? | |

|7. Name three compounds. | |

|8. What information about a | |

|compound is found in its | |

|chemical formula? | |

|9. How are atoms related to | |

|elements and compounds? | |

16 Matter and Atoms

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Substances and Mixtures

Key Concept How are some mixtures different from solutions?

Directions: On the line before each item, write HE if the item represents a heterogeneous mixture or HO if the

item represents a homogeneous mixture.

1. granite

2. smoke

3. soda

4. brass

5. trail mix

6. air

7. tap water

Directions: Answer each question on the lines provided.

8. What is the difference between a heterogeneous mixture and a homogeneous mixture?

9. Which mixtures listed in the activity above are solutions? Explain your answer.

Matter and Atoms 17

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Substances and Mixtures

Key Concept How do mixtures and compounds differ?

Directions: Complete the chart by writing the correct term from the word bank on the lines provided. Some terms

may be used more than once or not at all.

|atoms |compounds |elements |

|heterogeneous mixture |homogeneous mixture |mass |

|matter |mixtures |substances |

18 Matter and Atoms

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Substances and Mixtures

Key Concept How do mixtures and compounds differ?

Directions: Put a check mark on the line before each property that is typical of a compound.

1. made of only one kind of atom

2. made of unbonded substances

3. is a substance

4. made of elements that are bonded together

5. represented by a chemical formula

6. Identity is not changed by changing the amount of its substances.

7. is the smallest part of an element

8. is often made of molecules

Directions: Respond to each statement on the lines provided.

9. Compare the composition of a mixture and a compound.

10. Compare what happens when you change the composition of a mixture and a compound.

Matter and Atoms 19

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Categorizing Mixtures

You have learned that a mixture can be

heterogeneous or homogenous. Mixtures

are also classified based on the size and

distribution of the solute particles.

Suspensions

In a suspension, one substance is finely

divided and temporarily suspended

throughout another substance. Particles in a

suspension are often large enough to see.

The substances can be mixed by shaking,

but the dispersed substance eventually settles

out because of the particle size. Common

suspensions include sand in water or Italian

salad dressing.

Because of their size, particles of a

suspension can often be separated through

a filter. For example, you could use filter

paper to separate the solids from the

liquids in salad dressing. People use filters

on a furnace to clean the dust particles

from air and prevent them from settling on

surfaces around the house.

A suspension of liquid droplets or fine

solid particles in a gas is called an aerosol.

In the atmosphere, these consist of fine dust

and soot particles that appear as haze, smog,

or air pollution.

Aerosol cans are often used to apply paint

to small surfaces. The gas in the can is under

pressure. When you press the button, the gas

escapes, carrying droplets of paint outward.

Colloids

A colloid is a permanent suspension.

The particles of the suspended substance

are larger than particles in a solution but

smaller than those in a suspension. Because

they are so tiny, they don’t settle out. They

remain suspended and cannot be filtered

out. Gelatin and milk are colloids. If you

shine a flashlight through gelatin or

through water containing a few drops of

milk, you can see the beam of light because

it reflects from the particles.

An emulsion is a type of colloid in

which the two substances normally form a

suspension. For example, oil and water form

a suspension that eventually separates. If

another substance is added that breaks the

oil into colloid size particles, an emulsion

forms. Examples of an emulsion are

mayonnaise, butter, and margarine.

The parts in a colloid can be solids,

liquids, or gases, although there is no

colloid of a gas in a gas.

Applying Critical-Thinking Skills

Directions: Answer each question.

1. Distinguish What distinguishes a suspension and a colloid? What distinguishes a colloid

and a solution?

2. Observe You have two glasses of red liquid. One is red food coloring dissolved in water.

The other is red gelatin dissolved in water. How can you tell which glass holds the gelatin?

3. Infer If you shine a flashlight through air in a darkened room, you can see that the

air is filled with tiny particles of dust. What would determine whether this dust is a

suspension or a colloid?

20 Matter and Atoms

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Pure Water

Many people around the world have a shortage of freshwater, but live near oceans. Oceans

contain pure water, many different dissolved salts, microscopic sea animals, and bits of wood,

plants, and rock.

Design a Procedure to Purify Seawater

Design a procedure to separate the pure water in seawater from the other materials in it.

Keep in mind that, in many poor countries, electricity is not as readily available as it is in the

United States. Make your procedure as simple as possible so the average person could do it to

obtain freshwater.

Outline your design in the space below. Draw a diagram of the procedure and label each

part clearly so that anyone could follow it to obtain freshwater.

Matter and Atoms 21

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Substances and Mixtures

Multiple Choice

Directions: On the line before each question or statement, write the letter of the correct answer.

1. Some substances are chemically combined in specific combinations. These are

A. compounds.

B. homogeneous mixtures.

C. heterogeneous mixtures.

2. Which item is a form of matter?

A. air

B. sound

C. gravity

3. Which item is a substance?

A. trail mix

B. table salt

C. breakfast cereal

True or False

Directions: On the line before each statement, write T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false. If the

statement is false, change the underlined word to make it true. Write your changes on the lines provided.

4. A(n) compound is a substance made up of one kind of atom.

5. Matter with a composition that is always the same is called a(n) substance.

6. A(n) atom is a small particle that is the building block of matter.

7. A molecule is made up of two or more compounds.

8. A(n) mixture is matter that can vary in composition.

22 Matter and Atoms

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Substances and Mixtures

Multiple Choice

Directions: On the line before each question, write the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which statement describes a compound?

A. It contains a solute.

B. Its composition can vary.

C. Its combination of atoms never changes.

D. Its components keep separate properties.

2. Which item is NOT a type of matter?

A. force

B. mixture

C. element

D. compound

3. Which combination can be used to classify all the matter on Earth?

A. forces and energy

B. atoms and elements

C. solvents and solutes

D. substances and mixtures

Completion

Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Not all

terms are used.

|atom |compound |element |

|mixture |molecule |substance |

4. A(n) is a substance that is made up of one kind of atom.

5. Matter that has a composition that is always the same is

a(n) .

6. A(n) is the basic building block of matter.

7. A(n) is composed of two or more atoms held together by

chemical bonds.

8. Matter that can vary in composition is a(n) .

Matter and Atoms 23

-----------------------

Launch Lab

Content Vocabulary

Lesson Outline

MiniLab

Content Practice A

Content Practice B

School to Home

Matter

can be classified as

b.

a.

which can be

which can be

f.

e.

d.

c.

in which

in which

which are

which are

two or more

components are

evenly mixed but

not bonded.

the components

are not evenly

mixed.

two or more

kinds of atoms

chemically

joined in

specific

combinations.

made up of only

one kind of atom.

Key Concept Builder

Key Concept Builder

Key Concept Builder

Matter

• anything that has (1.) and takes up space

• most made of (2.)

• two classifications: (3.) and (4.)

(5.)

• made up of one or more types of atoms in the same combinations

• two types: (6.) and (7.)

(8.)

• made of only one type of atom

• organized on the periodic table

• have a chemical symbol

(9.)

• made of two or more types of atoms bonded

together

• properties are different from the elements

that make it up

• have chemical formulas

(10.)

• made of two or more (11.) that are not bonded together

• Combinations of subtances can vary.

• two types: (12.) and (13.)

(15.)

• two or more substances evenly mixed

• Different substances cannot be seen by a

microscope.

(14.)

• two or more substances unevenly mixed

• different substances visible by unaided eye or microscope

Key Concept Builder

Enrichment

Challenge

Lesson Quiz A

Lesson Quiz B

................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download