Chapter 7, Lesson 2 Wartime Agencies (237) - Weebly

[Pages:3]Chapter 7, Lesson 2

Wartime Agencies (237)

As part of the war effort, Congress created new agencies to coordinate mobilization and ensure the efficient use of the nation's resources.

The War Industries board--Coordinated the production of war materials

The Food Administration--Increase food production while reducing civilian consumption

What was the purpose of a "victory garden"? Civilians grew their own food in gardens to conserve food

The Fuel Administration -- Manage the use of coal and oil

By the end of the war, how much money did the U.S. spend to fund the war? $32 billion

What was Congress doing to pay for it?

Raised income taxes, place new taxes on corporate profits, increase extra taxes on the profits of arms factories,

Why did Americans buy war bonds? To lend money to the government for the war effort.

Mobilizing the Workforces (238)

The war effort also needed the cooperation of workers in America.

National War Labor Board--Prevent strikes (strikes would disrupt factories and the war effort)

Women in the Workforce Many men were enlisted in the military, therefore women began to take over their jobs.

How many women joined the workforce for the first time? 1 million How many women switched to industrial jobs? 8 million

What jobs did women have during WWI?

- Factories - Shipyards - Railroad yards - Police officer - Mail carrier - Train engineers

African Americans in the Workforce

Where did Henry Ford start to recruit African American workers from? The South

The Great Migration-- African Americans from the South migrated up to the North to avoid the Jim Crow laws and strong racial segregation.

The Supreme Court Limits Free Speech (239)

The Espionage Act of 1917--It was illegal to aid the enemy, give false reports, or interfere with the war effort.

The Sedition Act of 1918-- It was illegal to speak publicly against the war

The Supreme Court ruled the government could restrict speech when the speech constituted what? A "clear and present danger" to the country or the war effort.

Building the Military (240) Volunteers and Conscripts

What is a draft? To select a person at random for mandatory military service (basically, you are randomly chosen to be in the military) What was the Selective Service Act of 1917? All men ages 21-30 had to register for the draft. A lottery randomly chose the order in which people were chosen to stand before the draft board (who decided if they selected or exempt from going to the military)

Why did Progressives support selective service instead of a traditional draft? Selective service depended on the community rather than the government. Therefore, Progressives believed the community knew who would be a better choice for the military than the government.

By the numbers: Americans drafted--2.8 million American volunteers--2 million Americans died in combat--50,000 Americans wounded in combat-- 200,000 Americans died from disease--60,000 Americans who were killed by the flu (influenza)-- 500,000

African Americans in the Military How many were drafted? 400,000 How many served as combat troops? 42,000 Generally, how were African American soldiers treated? Remember- segregation still exists! African Americans faced many challenges: segregated units, being under the supervision of white officers, constantly experiencing discrimination and prejudice.

The U.S. Army usually assigned African Americans to work as cooks, laborer's, and laundrymen. However, the 369th Regiment fought with the French Army. They fought gallantly on the front line of the trenches, and were treated with great respect by the French. What does this say about race relations in America?

Other Minorities in the Military # of Native Americans who served--12,000 # of Puerto Ricans who served--20,000

Which minority group had the most volunteers? Mexican Americans

How were Asians given recognition for their service in the war? They received citizenship.

Women in the Military (241)

WWI was the first war in which women officially served in the armed forces, although they were in noncombat positions.

Specifically, what did women do in the Navy?

Worked clerical jobs (office/administration jobs). They also worked as radio operators, electricians, pharmacists, chemists, and photographers. Women could enlist in the Navy.

What did the Army offer for women? The Army refused to let women enlist. Women were hired as temporary employees to only do clerical jobs. The only women who enlisted in the Army were the Army Nurse Corps.

How many women served in the Army Nurse Corps? 20,000 women. More than 100,000 were overseas.

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