Topic: Unit 7 Lesson 2‐ Social, State, and Women Reformers ...

Topic: Unit 7 Lesson 2�\ Social, State, and Women Reformers

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Essential Question:

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Progressives were outraged at the ________________of industrial society so they made their own

efforts at social reform

_______________________: ran a settlement house in Chicago called the Hull House

____________________Houses were usually situated in slum neighborhoods and provided services

to immigrants and the urban poor (classes, English lessons, childcare, nursing of the sick, help

obtaining naturalization)

Some had dining halls, gymnasiums, auditoriums, nurseries and classrooms and were ran by

________________, educated women who lived alongside the immigrant poor who lived in them

o Campaigned for better trash collection and sewers, hospitals and other public services and

there were more than _______houses operating in the U.S.

Other Progressives formed associations to promote social ______________and professional

__________________

o Organized charities, clubs, and other associations such as the American Bar Association, the

National Woman Suffrage Association, the ______________(National Association for the

Advancement of Colored People), and the ______________________________League

(opposed anti�\Semitism and religious prejudice generally)

____________________refers to the town or city level of government and in many cities it had

been dominated by a political machine which then used its control over city governments to make

a fortune out of lucrative public contracts (to work for the city, each contractor had to promise to

pay a share of receipts secretly to the machine and the graft made city government overly

expensive and inefficient)

mobilized the votes of citizens who were tired of corruption & _____________ corruptions through

muckrakers in newspapers, magazines and books (like Lincoln Steffens�� The Shame of the Cities)

Reformers replaced political machines with public�\minded mayors (who expanded city

____________ to care for overcrowding, fire hazards, inadequate sanitation and lack of public

services, in some cases they acquired direct control of utilities��water, electricity, gas)

New forms of city governments were created to discourage corruption: city __________________:

governed by a panel of experts who directed a department delivering an essential city service and

city ________________: an elected board of citizens appointed a specially�\trained manager to run

the city government more efficiently; city manager had to report to the board ? goal was to make

city gov��t more democratic and transparent and less open to corruption

Progressive Governor __________________________________ of Wisconsin from 1900 to 1906:

he broke the power of local political bosses and influence of railroads over the state legislature;

began __________ railroads at the same rate as other property, set up a special commission to

______________ railroads; started other commissions to regulate public ___________, conserve

forests and waters against industrial exploitation and pollution; relied on _________________��s

advice = faith in solving problems scientifically

Other important Progressives: ____________________Roosevelt and Charles Evans Hughes (in

New York), Hiram _______________(California), _________________________ (New Jersey) and

these states acted as labs for political and social reforms & many measures were later adopted

federally

Political reforms designed to prevent governments from the influence of Big Business and

corruption:

o ______________________: voters marked their ballots in private instead of voting openly

(makes them less subject to pressure and intimidation)

o ______________________: voters could directly introduce bills into the state legislature

o ______________________: Voters could repeal a law already passed by the legislature through

a special election

o _______________: elected officials could be dismissed from office by voters in a special

election

Thoughts/Questions:

_________________________: party members voted in a special election to indicate

preferences for their party��s nominees (before this��party leaders chose their candidates)

o Direct Election of _______________________: Constitution originally gave state legislatures

the power to select U.S. Senators but the ________th Amendment (1913) changed the

Constitution by giving voters the power to directly elect their Senators

o Women��s _______________: the National Woman Suffrage Association was founded in 1869

and represented millions of women and was active to achieve voting rights for women. Under

the Constitution individual states controlled the requirements for voting (even in federal

elections), many states (esp. in the West) gave women the right to vote

Enacted laws to deal with worst social and economic effects of industrialism: laws regulating

conditions in urban ______________, against the employment of __________, regulating safety

and health conditions, limiting the number of hours women could work, forcing employers to give

compensation to workers injured on the job (_______________________________), regulating

railroads and public utilities, conserving natural resources and wildlife preserves, prohibiting the

sale of alcohol (Temperance Movement)

In 1911 a _________at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory in NYC led to deaths of 146 female workers

because its doors were bolted and there weren��t fire escapes, conditions that were previously

protested by striking workers ? this led to widespread _________________for the garment

workers and the passage of new laws providing fire safety codes for factories

State reformers were severely limited by the U.S. Supreme Court:

o ________________ v New York (1905): Court held that a NY state law limiting the working

hours of bakers to 60 hours a week = unconstitutional (regulation of hours took away freedom

from employers and employees to negotiate their own contracts and working conditions)

o _________________v Oregon (1908): Supreme Court upheld Oregon law limiting the working

hours of women (special circumstances justified state intervention)

Women faced many obstacles to participation in public life: couldn��t __________, few attended

college, couldn��t enter most professions, considered intellectually inferior to men

_________________________________ (1820�\1906): grew up in a Quaker family in

Massachusetts, began her reform activities in support of the Temperance Movement and as an

abolitionist; after the Civil War she believed it was time for women to have the right to

__________, started publishing The Revolution (weekly journal for women��s rights), co�\founded the

National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA); voted in the election of 1872 on the basis of the

14th Amendment (court ruled rights did not extend to women) for the next ______ years she fought

for women��s rights but didn��t live to see the passage guaranteeing women the right to vote but

predicted it would come

_________________________________(1859�\1932): prominent social reformer who studied at

Cornell University and in Switzerland. From 1891�\1899 she lived in Hull House (Chicago); fought to

establish a minimum ________, 8�\hour work day, against child labor and conditions in sweatshops.

In 1893, Governor of Illinois made Kelley the state��s chief factory _________________; persuaded

the Supreme Court to limit women��s workday in Muller v. Oregon and in 1909 became one of the

founders for the _______________

____________________________(1859�\1947): active in Iowa��s suffrage movement & developed a

close friendship with Susan B. Anthony became President of NAWSA in 1900; in 1920, Catt founded

the League of Women��s Voters, fought for women��s rights overseas & international peace. In 1933

she was one of the first to protest against the persecution of Jews in Nazi Germany

_______________________(1885�\1977): daughter of wealthy Quakers, attended Swarthmore

College, obtained both Ph.D. & a law degree; visited England where she became active in the

suffrage movement, brought back more militant tactics; Paul organized a march in DC on behalf of

women��s ______________ in 1913, the day before Woodrow Wilson��s inauguration; 1916 she left

NAWSA to form a more militant group (picketed the White House in 1917 and was arrested��she

went on a hunger strike and had to be force�\fed but helped convince Wilson to give women the

right to vote); in 1923, she proposed the __________Rights Amendment

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Answer the Essential Question:

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