Grammar and Language Workbook, Part 3: Mechanics - Weebly

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Unit 11: Capitalization

Lesson 63

Capitalizing Sentences, Quotations, and Salutations I

To capitalize means to begin a word with a capital letter. Capitalize the first word of every sentence. This assignment is due early next week. The first word of a direct quotation is capitalized if the quotation is a complete sentence. Mrs. Crawford said, "Start with the dictionary." Sometimes other words interrupt a direct quotation. Do not capitalize the beginning of the second part of an interrupted quotation unless the second part begins a new sentence. "Start with the dictionary," said Mrs. Crawford, "where you can find a lot of useful facts." "Start with the dictionary," said Mrs. Crawford. "You can find a wealth of useful facts in the dictionary."

Exercise 1 Draw three lines under each lowercase letter that should be capitalized. Write C in the blank if the sentence is correct.

"do you know," asked Mrs. Crawford, "anybody in history named Webster?" C 1. "Daniel Webster," answered Mark, "lived a long time ago."

2. "yes, he did," responded the teacher. "do you know another Webster?" 3. "I do," ventured Tasha. "did he write Webster's Dictionary?" 4. the other students did not add anything to the discussion. 5. everyone knew a project was waiting to be assigned. 6. "who wants to research dictionaries?" thought Arnoldo. "i certainly don't." C 7. Noah, however, thought that words were interesting to study. C 8. "I want everyone to look in an encyclopedia," said Mrs. Crawford. 9. she suggested topics such as "dictionary," "lexicographer," and "Noah Webster."

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10. "hey," thought Noah, "maybe Noah Webster invented the English language. that's where I'm going to start."

11. "then," Mrs. Crawford added, "write five sentences." 12. "give them to me on Friday," the teacher said. "on Monday we will share our

information." C 13. Noah decided to start right away.

14. first Noah looked in the encyclopedia under "Noah Webster." C 15. He didn't see anything about Noah Webster's inventing the English language.

16. however, the article noted that Noah Webster was an American lexicographer. C 17. "`Lexicographer' is one of the suggested topics," Noah said to himself. C 18. "I don't know what that word means," said Noah out loud, "but I'm going to

find out." C 19. "Then I will know what's so important about Noah Webster," he continued. C 20. Noah looked for the word lexicographer in the dictionary.

21. "well, what do you know?" whistled Noah. "a lexicographer writes dictionaries!" C 22. Noah read some interesting articles about Noah Webster.

23. he was eager to share information in class on Monday. C 24. Noah also wanted to hear what the other students had learned.

25. on Monday the teacher asked for volunteers. 26. Kofi reported, "he was born in Connecticut in 1758." 27. "he fought with Washington in the Revolutionary War," added Jeff. C 28. Marianne added that he wrote a spelling book and a dictionary. C 29. "Webster's Dictionary was the first American dictionary," contributed Noah. 30. he further explained, "Webster put new words in his dictionary, and he

changed the spelling and pronunciation of others." 31. "webster wanted his book to be a dictionary of American English." 32. "the really important thing that Noah Webster did," Noah said, "was to help

make American English its own language."

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Name ___________________________________________________ Class _________ Date ____________________

Lesson 64

Capitalizing Sentences, Quotations, and Salutations II

Remember to capitalize the first word of a sentence and the first word of a direct quotation that is a complete sentence.

"My pen pal," said Mark, "lives in Germany." "How long have you been writing to him?" asked Thad. "Does he have a friend?"

Do not capitalize the first word of an indirect quotation. An indirect quotation does not appear in quotation marks and does not give a person's exact words.

Thad said that he had been writing to Karl for a year.

Capitalize the first word in the salutation of a letter. Capitalize the title and the name of the person you are addressing. Capitalize the first word in the closing of a letter.

Dear President Lincoln,

Yours very truly,

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Exercise 1 Draw three lines under each lowercase letter that should be capitalized. Draw a slash (/ ) through each capital letter that should be lowercase. Write C if the item is correct.

Marty said That he appreciated our help. 1. dear Mrs. lamont, 2. Harriet said that You would help me with my report. C 3. "Did Juan finish raking your leaves yesterday?" asked Mrs. Perez. 4. "yes," said Mr. Sakamoto, "And he did a fine job." 5. Your Friend, 6. Sara Jane said She liked the movie we saw. 7. Jeff wants to know If You will go with him. 8. Zorah shouted, "watch out below!" 9. Who said, "give me Liberty or give me death"? 10. Dear senator Smith, C 11. Sincerely yours, 12. did you ask your mother If I could stay overnight?

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13. The principal told us To do our best. 14. dear aunt Jo and Uncle bill, C 15. Bess told me her grandmother never learned to drive. 16. Respectfully Yours, 17. "have you seen the new science teacher, Beth?" asked Randy. 18. "I met her this morning," replied Beth. "she seems very smart." 19. someone told me She used to teach at a university. C 20. Dear friends and relatives, 21. Did you suggest that I Give up my paper route? 22. no one knows Those children have never seen a real cow. 23. "have you decided what to get Mom for her birthday?" asked Meg. 24. "she might like an embroidered sweater," suggested Drew, "Or maybe a wallet." C 25. Yours affectionately, 26. I had never heard That Sandra was a champion marbles player. 27. Dear Grandma and grandpa Wilson, 28. Has anyone mentioned that There will be a test in math tomorrow? 29. she said You would help her study. 30. with love and gratitude, Writing Link Write a paragraph about your favorite summer activity. Capitalize sentences correctly.

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Lesson 65

Capitalizing Names and Titles of Persons I

Capitalize names of people and initials that stand for names.

Bonnie Morris

Carl M. Lustek

P. J. Carter

Capitalize the names and abbreviations of academic degrees and professional titles that follow a person's name. Capitalize Jr. and Sr.

Raul Espinoza, Bachelor of Science Kate Strong, Registered Dietitian

Nelson Davies, D.D.S. Lester Linston Sr.

Capitalize words that show family relationships when used as titles but not when they follow an article or a possessive noun or pronoun.

Uncle Frankie

Diane's grandmother

my sister

an aunt

Always capitalize the pronoun I. Are you really interested in what I think?

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Exercise 1 Draw three lines under each lowercase letter that should be capitalized. Draw a slash (/) through each capital letter that should be lowercase. Place a check () before each sentence with correct capitalization.

For years Kaya has taken piano lessons from Mrs. carter. 1. My interest in names comes naturally; my Father's name is Jonathon Apple. 2. Most people can hardly believe that mom's name is Carmel. 3. They are really amazed when they hear that my name is Candy. 4. I never bother telling them about grandma and grandpa MacIntosh! 5. I think it's interesting, too, that sometimes a person's name matches his or

her job. 6. For example, we bought my glasses from Arthur Sites, o.d. 7. My Uncle's knee surgery was performed by Inez Bonecutter, M.D. 8. I know it's hard to believe, but I've seen a sign for James McCracken, doctor of

chiropractic. 9. My favorite, though, is William R. Crooks, sheriff of Fayette County, Ohio.

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10. Sometimes a perfectly ordinary name becomes special when you see the last name first.

11. For example, Susan Jolly is listed in the phone book as Jolly Susan! 12. Through using the phone book, i've uncovered many great names.

13. Henry Reeder holds a doctorate in literature. 14. Jackie Ford Jr. owns a car dealership.

15. Sometimes i see an interesting last name and wonder where it comes from. 16. I guessed the origin of the last name Pretty had to do with appearance.

17. According to the New Dictionary of American Family Names, the name pretty is an English name that means "the crafty, cunning man."

18. The dictionary also revealed that the name mondello comes from the Italian for "the little, cute, clean man."

19. Frid comes from the Swedish word for "peace." 20. From the Polish language comes the name sobota, "one who always does something on Saturday." 21. Surely you can see by now why i collect names.

22. If you'd like to collect names, too, let other people know that you are a collector. 23. Aunts, Uncles, and other family members often are willing to help out. 24. My Cousin Lisa told me about a classmate whose name is Bea Cool. 25. grandpa's name, godfrey, is German for "God's peace."

Writing Link Write five sentences about someone in the news. Include his or her title if you can. Use proper capitalization in each sentence.

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