Lesson 2 | The Inner Planets

Lesson 2 | The Inner Planets

Student Labs and Activities

Launch Lab Content Vocabulary Lesson Outline MiniLab Content Practice A Content Practice B School to Home Key Concept Builders Enrichment Challenge Skill Practice

Page

25 26 27 29 30 31 32 33 37 38 39

.

Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

24

The Solar System

Name

Date

Class

Launch Lab

LESSON 2: 20 minutes

What affects the temperature on the inner planets?

Mercury and Venus are closer to the Sun than Earth. What determines the temperature on these planets? Let's find out.

Procedure

1. Read and complete a lab safety form.

2. Insert a thermometer into a clear 2-L plastic bottle. Wrap modeling clay around the lid to hold the thermometer in the center of the bottle. Form an airtight seal with the clay.

3. Rest the bottle against the side of a shoe box in direct sunlight. Lay a second thermometer on top of the box next

to the bottle so that the bulbs are at about the same height. The thermometer bulb should not touch the box. Secure the thermometer in place using tape.

4. Read the thermometers and record the temperatures below.

5. Wait 15 minutes and then read and record the temperature on each thermometer.

Data and Observations

Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Think About This

1. How did the temperature of the two thermometers compare?

2.

Key Concept What do you think caused the difference in temperature?

The Solar System

25

Name

Date

Class

Content Vocabulary

LESSON 2

The Inner Planets

Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. NOTE: You may need to change a term to its plural form.

Earth Mercury

greenhouse effect terrestrial planet

Mars Venus

1. Earth, Mars, Mercury, and Venus are

.

2.

is the closest planet to the Sun and has no atmosphere.

3.

has an atmosphere made of water vapor and gases.

4. The

occurs when a planet's atmosphere traps solar energy

and causes the surface temperature to increase.

5.

is about the same size as Earth.

6. appear reddish in color.

has soil that contains iron oxide, which makes its surface

Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

26

The Solar System

Name

Date

Class

Lesson Outline

LESSON 2

The Inner Planets

A. Planets Made of Rock

1. The inner planets are those closest to the

. They are also

called the

.

2. The inner planets are made of

and metallic materials.

3. The outer layers of the inner planets are in the

state.

B. Mercury

1.

is the planet closest to the Sun.

2. Mercury has no gases close to its surface, which means it has

no

.

a. Because of its small mass, Mercury's enough to hold gases to its surface.

is not strong

b. Because Mercury has no wind to move energy from place to place, the temperatures on the side of Mercury facing the Sun are always

extremely

.

3. Mercury's surface is covered with impact plains, and high cliffs.

, smooth

4. Mercury has a core made of

and nickel. Its mantle

is made of oxygen and

.

C. Venus

1.

is the second planet from the Sun.

a. Venus

more slowly than it revolves, so a day on

Venus is longer than a year on Earth.

b. Unlike most other planets, Venus rotates from

to

.

2. Most of Venus's atmosphere is made up of

.

a. Venus is covered by a thick layer of

.

b. The clouds on Venus are made of

.

Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

The Solar System

27

Name

Date

Class

Lesson Outline continued

3. Venus is the

planet in the solar system.

a. The high temperatures on Venus are caused by the

.

b. The greenhouse effect increases surface temperature because the

traps solar energy.

4. Most of the surface of Venus is covered by solidified

.

D. Earth

1. The third planet from the Sun is

.

2. Earth's atmosphere is made up of

and a mixture of gases.

a. The atmosphere produces a(n) average surface temperature.

that increases Earth's

b.

is supported on Earth because of its atmosphere,

large bodies of liquid water, and moderate temperature range.

3. Earth has a solid inner core and a(n)

outer core.

The

surrounds the outer core.

a. Earth's crust is broken into large sliding

.

b. Earth's

is made mostly of oxygen and silicon.

E. Mars

1. Mars is the

planet from the Sun.

a. Mars has

small moons.

b. Many probes have examined the surface of Mars; most have looked for signs

of

.

2. Mars's atmosphere contains mostly

.

3. Mars's surface appears to be red because its soil contains

.

a. Ice caps on Mars are made up of ice and frozen

.

b. Features on Mars's surface include craters, lava flows, canyons, and the largest

known

in the solar system.

Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

28

The Solar System

Name

Date

Class

MiniLab

LESSON 2: 20 minutes

How can you model the inner planets?

In this lab, you will use modeling clay to make scale models of the inner planets.

Planet Mercury Venus Earth Mars

Actual Diameter (km) 4,879 12,103 12,756 6,792

Model Diameter (cm)

8.0

Procedure

1. Use the data above for Earth to calculate in the Data and Observations section below each model's diameter for the other three planets.

Data and Observations

2. Use modeling clay to make a ball that represents the diameter of each planet. Check the diameter with a centimeter ruler.

Analyze and Conclude

1. Explain how you converted actual diameters (km) to model diameters (cm).

2.

Key Concept How do the inner planets compare? Which planets have

approximately the same diameter?

Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

The Solar System

29

Name

Date

Class

Content Practice A

LESSON 2

The Inner Planets

Directions: Match each fact with the correct planet by writing the letter of each fact in the correct box. Each fact is used only once.

Mercury Venus Earth Mars

A. period of rotation = 24 hours B. polar ice caps made of frozen carbon

dioxide C. surface features last for billions of years

because of little erosion D. surface always covered by thick clouds E. period of rotation = 244 days F. period of revolution = 1.88 years G. has soil rich in iron oxide H. has no atmosphere or winds I. third planet from the Sun J. atmosphere made up of 95 percent

carbon dioxide K. period of rotation = 59 days L. 80 percent of surface is covered by

solidified lava M. has one moon N. hottest planet in the solar system O. southern hemisphere covered with craters P. closest to the Sun

Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

30

The Solar System

Name

Date

Class

Content Practice B

LESSON 2

The Inner Planets

Directions: Answer each riddle by writing the name of the correct inner planet on the line provided.

1. Which planet is 5.5 percent of Earth's mass and has no moon?

2. Which planet has an average distance from the Sun of 1.52 AU, the compound iron oxide present in its surface, and carbon dioxide ice caps?

3. Which planet is hotter than Mercury, has a longer period of rotation than revolution, and has an atmosphere of about 97 percent carbon dioxide?

4. Which planet has the largest known mountain in the solar system, two moons, and a period of rotation equal to 24.6 hours?

5. Which planet has the presence of liquid water, a period of rotation equal to 24 hours, and a solid inner core?

6. Which planet is the only planet with liquid water on its surface, a liquid outer core, and a crust broken into large plates?

7. Which planet shows no evidence of life, experiences great dust storms, and has a volcano on it as wide as Arizona?

8. Which planet has clouds of acid and an atmospheric pressure that is 90 times greater than Earth's but an internal structure that is similar to Earth's?

Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

9. Which planet has a liquid outer core, a mantle, and an atmosphere that protects life from the Sun's radiation?

10. Which planet has the greatest extremes of temperature depending on which side faces the Sun, a thin crust, and a core made of iron and nickel?

11. Which planet has an average temperature of 460?C, has no water in its atmosphere, and rotates from east to west?

12. Which planet has a cracked and wrinkled surface, gravity so small that it cannot hold gases near its surface, and a thin crust?

The Solar System

31

 ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download