The Field of Early Childhood Education



Linden High SChoolThe Field of Early Childhood EducationUnit 2Ms. NealyFirst Qtr.This unit covers understanding the history of early childhood education. As well as understanding career trends, opportunities, and options in early childhood education. Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u Textbook Resources: PAGEREF _Toc459978004 \h 2Objectives: PAGEREF _Toc459978005 \h 2Essential Questions: PAGEREF _Toc459978006 \h 2Introduction PAGEREF _Toc459978007 \h 3Outline: PAGEREF _Toc459978008 \h 4Career Trends PAGEREF _Toc459978009 \h 8Key Terms PAGEREF _Toc459978010 \h 10Leaders in Early Childhood Education PAGEREF _Toc459978011 \h 10Events, Programs, & Initiatives Influencing ECE PAGEREF _Toc459978012 \h 11Trends and Opportunities in Early Childhood Education PAGEREF _Toc459978013 \h 12Benefits and Limitations of Career Options PAGEREF _Toc459978014 \h 13Introduction Activity: PAGEREF _Toc459978015 \h 14Power points PAGEREF _Toc459978016 \h 151.The History of Early Childhood Education PAGEREF _Toc459978017 \h 152.Events, Programs & Initiatives Influencing ECE PAGEREF _Toc459978018 \h 163.Benefits and Limitations of Early Childhood Careers PAGEREF _Toc459978019 \h 17Priorities in Order PAGEREF _Toc459978020 \h 18The History of Early Childhood Education PAGEREF _Toc459978021 \h 20My Pedagogic Creed PAGEREF _Toc459978022 \h 23Investigative Reporting PAGEREF _Toc459978023 \h 24Organization Cards PAGEREF _Toc459978024 \h 24Investigative Reporting Assignment PAGEREF _Toc459978025 \h 25Causes and Effects PAGEREF _Toc459978026 \h 26Trends Affecting Careers in Child Care and Teaching PAGEREF _Toc459978027 \h 28Careers In and Related to Early Childhood Education PAGEREF _Toc459978028 \h 29ECE Career in Brief PAGEREF _Toc459978029 \h 3021 Careers --- What Do They Do? PAGEREF _Toc459978030 \h 31Trends --- Recall & Exemplify PAGEREF _Toc459978031 \h 33SEW Trends PAGEREF _Toc459978032 \h 34Interview of Early Childhood Professionals PAGEREF _Toc459978033 \h 40Suggested Interview Questions PAGEREF _Toc459978034 \h 40Going Straight to Work after High School PAGEREF _Toc459978035 \h 41Going on for Further Education after High School PAGEREF _Toc459978036 \h 42FCCLA in action: PAGEREF _Toc459978037 \h 43Sample Test Questions: PAGEREF _Toc459978038 \h 44Textbook Resources:Child Care Professional chapters 25-28Working with Young Children chapters: 2, 8-12Objectives:THE FIELD OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATIONUnderstand the history of early childhood education.Recognize the contributions of leaders in the history of early childhood education.Explain the influence of historical events on early childhood-related programs and initiatives and their impact on early childhood education.Understand career trends, opportunities, and options in early childhood education.Understand career trends and opportunities in early childhood education.Understand benefits and limitations of work and education options.Essential Questions: What contributions were made by leaders in the history of early childhood education?How have historical events led to programs/initiatives and impacted early childhood education?In the field of early childhood education . . .What are the benefits/limitations of going to work immediately after high school?What are the benefits/limitations of going to school for further education and a degree?How are these trends affecting early childhood education?Training and preparation requiredNeed for child care/education and opportunities availableWork expectations and incentivesIntroductionThe Field of Early Childhood EducationIn this unit, 15% of instructional time is allocated to helping students learn more about the field of early childhood education and to facilitate a key career decision that will greatly impact their futures. The unit is aimed at two main purposes --- first, to help them become more familiar with the history and background of the early childhood field; and second, to prepare them to decide whether to go directly into the work force after high school or to go on for further study in the field. The unit is designed to increase understanding of early childhood education as a field of work and study. In the first part, students explore the roots of the profession and the impact of historical events on educational programs and initiatives. In the second part, they focus on trends affecting early childhood education, opportunities and options in the field, and a comparison of the benefits and limitations of going directly to work after high school versus going on for further study. The theme of the last competency ABLE emphasizes the message that “Awareness of Benefits and Limitations of Early Childhood Careers” is very important.Students will recognize historical contributions made by leaders in the history of the field. They will investigate the cause-and-effect relationships between historical events and programs and initiatives that provide opportunities for young children.A special resource to be used during this unit is the latest edition of Beginnings & Beyond. This is the text used by early childhood programs in the North Carolina Community College System. The objective related to history was included in this course to better align high school and community college programs and to provide background for understanding the profession as it exists today. Each classroom teacher needs at least one copy of this book for every four students.Outline:Contributions of Leaders in the History of Early Childhood EducationJohn Locke --- 1632-1704Founder of modern educational philosophyTheory based on scientific method, study of mind and learningChildren are born with a “clean slate” (tabula rasa) on which their experiences are writtenEnvironmentalism- Environment, not innate characteristics, determines what children becomeFriedrich Froebel --- 1782-1852Coined the word kindergartenStarted the first kindergarten in Germany in 1837 – “Father of the Kindergarten”Advocated freedom, initiative, and relevant curriculumEmphasized teacher-directed learningSigmund Freud --- 1856 - 1939A neurologist and psychoanalystA child’s personality develops through a predictable pattern of psychosexual stagesMany emotional/psychological problems in adulthood are connected to ways in which needs were met/not met during childhoodId, ego, and superegoConscious, preconscious, unconsciousJohn Dewey --- 1858-1952A progressivistFirst real American influence on American educationFounder of progressive movementTheory of progressivismAdvocated child-centered learning in groupsAuthor of “My Pedagogic Creed”Margaret McMillan --- 1860-1931With sister Rachel, extended concern beyond education to medical/dental care for childrenCreated an open-air nursery in a slum area Developed the McMillan theory of fresh air, sleep, and bathingCrusaded to improve child care in English slumsMany credit the creation of nursery schools to Rachel and Margaret McMillanCreated the name nursery school – nursery to focus on the goal of nurturing good health, and school to focus on educating young childrenRudolph Steiner --- 1861-1925Philosopher, scientist, and artist; founded Waldorf schoolsInterdisciplinary and multi-sensory curriculum with emphasis on the artsEmphasized the whole child; begin where the learner isPromoted self-regulation and self-disciplineBelieved that experiences for young children need to be carefully selectedBelieved that fairy tales help children learn important truthsModern-day followers of Steiner believe that TV viewing by children should be limitedPatty Hill --- 1868-1946Founded the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC)Originated large-muscle equipment and materials for climbing and constructionFocused on unifying kindergarten and 1st grade; led to modern kindergarten practiceWrote Happy Birthday songMaria Montessori --- 1870-1952First female physician in Italy; believed that education begins at birthThe early years are very important as children go through “sensitive periods.” Their curiosity makes them ready to learn certain things at certain times.Goals of education: the formation of the child and development of characterElements of early childhood programs that are attributed to Montessori: a prepared environment (the teacher’s responsibility), self-correcting and sequential materials (usually tactile – touch), teaching based on observation, and trust in children’s inborn drive to learnLev Vygotsky --- 1896 - 1934Focuses on the child as a whole; incorporates culture and values into child developmentSociocultural Theory: A child’s development is influenced by more than personal experiences. Other influences include family, community, socioeconomic status, and culture.Implications of sociocultural theory for teachersIncorporate each child’s family and culture into the school.The relationship between teacher and child is very important to learning.Use the tools of the society to help children learn.Play is an important part of learning.It’s very important to note individual differences among learners.Loris Malaguzzi --- 1920-1994Founder of Reggio Emilia SchoolsSchools have teachers, a pedagogista, and an atelieristaAll children are capable of learning; children construct their own learningDocumenting children’s work is essential for successful programsThe family and community are important parts of the “amiable school.”Several historical events led to the creation of government programs and initiatives that have made an impact on the development of early childhood education in America.Cause:152463513779500Historical EventsResult:123761513779500Government Programs/InitiativesEffect:Impact on Early Childhood Education1. Great Depression and World War II diverted attention from needs of children toward need to work. Women went to work. Many nurseries were opened. In 1943, Kaiser Child Care Centers were started. Offered health care, hot meals, convenience for working parents, round-the-clock, exemplary child care.Served over 3000 childrenFreed women to workProvided a model of exemplary child care2. Launching of Soviet satellite Sputnik in 1957 upset the education community and made the US education system appear inferior. Civil Rights Movement of 1960s identified education as the best way to fight poverty.In 1956, Head Start was begun. Offered services for low-income families --- health care and hot meals, compensatory education, parental involvement, and community control.Brought national attention to importance of good care and education experiences for young childrenProduced enthusiasm for young children’s programsExpanded enrollment in preschool programsServes about 20% of low-income children3. Changes in the family and the workforce, 1970s and afterMore diverse families (single-parent, stepparent, extended, and blended)Parents working; not at homeShortage of quality centers and homes for child careIn 1993, a NC partnership for children founded Smart Start to ensure that young children are ready to succeed in school. Focused on children’s health, strengthening families, and cutting-edge approaches for early learningMade early childhood education accessible to children of all races, classes, cultures, and needsMade child care affordableCause:152463513779500Historical EventsResult:123761513779500Government Programs/InitiativesEffect:Impact on Early Childhood Education4. Increased emphasis on quality education and greater success for every child in the 1990s and after led to the conclusion that no child should be left behind In 2001, a national program called No Child Left Behind (NCLB) was created by the Department of Education. NCLB includes higher standards, greater accountability, expanded options for parents, and proven teaching methods.Accurate assessment of student performanceEffective development materials for childrenIncreased student an teacher accountabilityIndividualized and comprehensive reportingAt-home activities to better involve parents 5. Emphasis on quality education and recognition of the importance of early learning in 1990s and after led to intervention efforts with at-risk four-year-old children. In 2002, a state-funded NC initiative called More at Four Pre-Kindergarten was created. Focused on underserved children, especially those who had never before been served in a pre-K program.High-quality classroom-based educational programChildren served in a variety of settings (public schools, for-profit and nonprofit child care, Head Start, combination settings)Financial assistance givenServes diverse groupsDetailed planning of objectives for children6. Globalization of economy and emphasis on future-focused education in 2000 and after led to recognition of the importance of adapting curriculum to prepare students for the 21st century. In 2002, a partnership of 27 member organizations was formed to address 21st Century Skills. In 2005, NC created the first Center for 21st Century Skills. In 2006, NC State Board of Education endorsed a framework for education based on 21st century skills and content – including life skills, 21st century content, core content, thinking skills, and ICT technology skills.Expanded academic enrichment for childrenOpportunities for children and families to learn after school year endsTutorial servicesArt, music, and recreation programsHelps children meet standards in reading and mathCareer TrendsA trend is an overall direction in which a system is moving or changing.There are three major categories of trends that affect career opportunities in early childhood education.1. Societal trends – those that relate collectively to the activities and customs of human beings Increase in dual-career familiesIncrease in single parentingIncreasing mobility of populationIncreasing need for child careIncreasingly diverse populationEnglish as a second language (ESL)Special populationsCultural/religious differences2. Educational trends – those that relate to the system for teaching and learningRising enrollment in private preschoolsIncreasing emphasis on early childhood education programsIncreasing need for teachersGradual decline in student enrollment3. Workplace trends – those that relate to the system within which people work Increasing number of elderly in the workplaceIncrease in entrepreneurshipsMore child care centers on work sitesMore flexible work schedules and locationsIncreased availability of family leaveCareer Opportunities INEarly Childhood EducationCareer Opportunities RELATED TO Early Childhood EducationParent education coordinatorInfant teacherToddler teacherPreschool teacherMontessori teacherParent cooperative teacherCenter directorKindergarten teacherKindergarten aide/assistantHead Start teacherSchool-age child care teacherAdoption counselorAmusement park guideArchitect who designs child care settingsChild custody mediatorChildren’s book authorChildren’s zoo guideFuneral home bereavement counselorFamily and consumer sciences community college instructor or university professorSchool nurse or nurse practitionerSummer camp or sports clinic instructor, counselor, or directorAfter completing the Early Childhood Education program and graduating from high school, students have two basic options for working in the field --- (1) going to work immediately, or (2) going to school for further education and a degree before seeking employment. Some early childhood jobs are available immediately, while other careers in and related to early childhood require further education --- college/university, career/trade school, military training, or community college. There are benefits and limitations to each option. These benefits and limitations represent advantages and disadvantages as they are considered in light of an individual’s goals and priorities. Option A:Going to WORK after high schoolOption B:Going to SCHOOL for further educationBenefitsLimitationsBenefitsLimitations1. Immediate employment and income1. Lower pay1. Financially rewarding career1. Greater initial cost2. Immediate feeling of accomplishment2. Entry-level job tasks2. Opportunities for advancement2. Longer time to reach career goal3. Immediate opportunity to practice skills3. Minimum job benefits3. Manageable hours and working conditions3. Entrance requirements4. Sense of independence4. Limited variety of jobs4. Professional status4. Competitive job market5. Fewer opportunities for advancement5. Broad range of majors6. Can interfere with further education6. Broad education base7. Financial assistance available8. Opportunities for continuing education5372100-36576000Key TermsLeaders in Early Childhood EducationTermDefinitionGeneral Terms creedA statement of beliefsearly childhood educationEducation in the early years of life; the field of study that deals mainly with the learning and experiences of children from infancy through the primary yearspedagogicOf or pertaining to the work of a teacher or to instructional methodsproximal developmentPotential developmentself-regulationChanging from a dependent infant to a self-regulating adultself-disciplineLearning control of oneself, usually for improvementContributions from Abroad atelieristaIn Reggio schools, an art director who helps teachers and children express their interests and knowledge in many different mediapedagogistaA person trained in early childhood education who meets weekly with teachers in Reggio schools to consider what experiences mean to children, how to help them learn more, and what additional experiences should be plannedidThe instinctive part of personality that drives a person to seek satisfaction; part of Sigmund Freud’s contributionegoThe rational part of personality that forms a person’s sense of self; part of Sigmund Freud’s contributionsuperegoThe moral side of personal that tells a person what is right and wrong; part of Sigmund Freud’s contributionkindergartenIn German, a word coined by Froebel in 1837 meaning, literally, “children’s garden”; in America, a school or class for four- to six-year-old childrentabula rasaA mind not yet affected by experiences, sensations, and the like; in John Locke’s theory, a child is born with this “clean slate” on which all experiences are writtenAmerican Contributions kindergartenersIn 19th century America, a term used to describe early childhood practitioners who worked in kindergartens patterned after Froebian modelsNAEYCNational Association for the Education of Young Children; founded by Patty Hilltraditional nursery schoolA school that nurtures good health and educates young children5143500-48006000Events, Programs, & Initiatives Influencing ECETermDefinitionGeneral Terms programA planned, coordinated group of activitiesinitiativeAn introductory step to begin taking action to reach a goalaccountabilityThe state of being responsible, answerableat-riskIn imminent danger of harm, loss, or failureeducatingA concept of teaching as both teaching and care-givingrigorStrict, with extremely high standardsTypes of ECE Programs child care centerA place for care of children for a large portion of their waking day; includes basic caretaking activities (eating, dressing, resting, and toileting) as well as playing and learning timecompensatory educationEducation that is intended to provide what is missing froma child’s experiences or environmentcomprehensiveA program that is concerned with all types of children’s needs --- physical, intellectual, social, emotional, creative, and healthexemplaryCommendable; able to serve as a modelnonprofitOrganized to earn only enough income to meet operating expensesfor-profitOrganized to earn income above and beyond operating expenseslaboratory schoolAn educational setting whose purposes include experimental study; a school for testing and analysis of educational or psychological theory and practice, with opportunities for experimentation and observationpartnershipTwo or more persons or groups sharing in an action or endeavortraditional nursery schoolThe core of early childhood educational theory and practice; program designed for children aged two-and-a-half to five years; may be part-of-a-day or an all-day programtutorialPertaining to private instruction, teaching, or coachingTrends and Opportunities in Early Childhood EducationTermDefinitionCareer TrendstrendA direction of change; an overall direction in which a system is movingsocietalRelating to the activities and customs of human beings collectivelyeducationalRelating to the system used to impart knowledge and skillsworkplaceRelating to the system within which people pursue careers and perform workdual-career familyA family with two “breadwinners,” each working in a different field of workmobilityThe amount of movement from place to place.diverseContaining many differencesprivate preschoolA preschool that is privately owned and managed, not part of the public school systemflexibleChangeablefamily leaveApproved time away from work to attend to family responsibilitiesCareer OpportunitiescoordinatorA person who manages parts and people within a system to produce desired resultsteacherA person who educates; one who imparts knowledge and skillsdirectorA person who is in charge of an organization or systemaideA person who helps someone else perform a taskassistantA person who helps someone else perform a taskcounselorA person who gives adviceguideA person who points the way; a person who conducts toursarchitectA person who designs space for living or workingmediatorA person in a “middle”position who helps settle a disagreementauthorA writer of an original workinstructorA community college/college/university teacher ranking below an assistant professorprofessorA college or university teacher of the highest ranknurseA person trained to take care of the sicknurse practitioner One who practices a profession or artcamp directorOne who manages a camp, usually in the summerBenefits and Limitations of Career OptionsTermDefinitionGeneral Terms optionA choice; an alternativeadvantageAny factor that makes desirable results more likely; a benefitdisadvantageAny factor that makes undesirable results more likely; a limitationbenefitAnything that is favorable or in one’s best interests; an advantagelimitationAnything that is unfavorable or not in one’s best interests; a disadvantageBenefits and LimitationsadvancementEarning a promotion, a title, or an increase in salaryentry-level jobA job that is ranked at the bottom of the career ladder in any field; beginning jobs for people with lesser levels of education financially rewarding careerA career that offers a high rate of pay for servicesimmediate employmentThe ability to be hired quicklysense of independenceThe feeling of being on one’s own, not having to rely on othersmanageableAble to be handled well; not too difficult or stressfulon-the-job trainingTraining done while a person is working to learn skills of the jobprofessional statusRanked with others who have a college degree and working in careers that require a college degreemajorA chosen field of study for concentration in a degree programbroad range of majorsA wide range of opportunities from which to select majors or careersbroad education baseEducation in a variety of areas of study; a well-rounded educationcontinuing educationEducation after high school graduationinitial costCost at the beginningcompetitive job marketA workplace where many people are applying for a liimited number of jobsentrance requirementsWhat is necessary to enter a college or universityworking conditionsThe atmosphere and conditions surrounding a person at workIntroduction Activity:What is your favorite birthday memory?What impact, if any, has the Happy Birthday song had on your life? 4305300-381000The song, Happy Birthday, was written by one of the leaders in the history of early childhood education, Patty Hill. Patty Hill is also the founder of the National Association for the Education of Young Children and a person often credited with the modern kindergarten concept. Why do you think these accomplishments would be important to the field of early childhood education today?Power pointsTeacher’s Guide to PowerPoint Presentation --- History of Early Childhood EducationSlide NumbersInstructions for TeacherInstructions for Students1 - 2Read aloudListen and reflect3Read question and bullets; pause for discussionPair and share your earliest and most long-lasting memories4Read bullets; pause for discussionRe-pair (with the person on your other side) and share either your happiest, most embarrassing, or scariest memories5Read questionListen and reflect6Read bullets; ask students:Which of these do you think will be most important for you?Which do you think will help you most as you become an early childhood professional?(See Beginnings and Beyond, Chapter 1, Section 1 for more on the importance of studying ECE history.) Work in pairs to rank these 7 reasons in order of importance to them. Use the student handout “Priorities in Order,” Appendix 10.01C.7Read aloudListen and anticipate8-9, 11-12, 14-15, 17-18, 20-21, 23-24, 26-27, 29-30, 32-35, 37-38Ask students to take turns reading bullets, one bullet per personEach read one bullet. Record contributions of leaders in chart, Appendix 10.01D.10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 36, 39Use questions to stimulate class discussionParticipate in class discussion40-41Use these frames to summarize the presentationParticipate in discussion42Use this frame to transition to remaining activities for this objectiveListen and reflectEvents, Programs & Initiatives Influencing ECESlide NumbersInstructions for TeacherInstructions for StudentsPre-showAsk for 12 volunteers, each to read one question, as questions 1-12 appear.Watch for your assigned question number as the PowerPoint is shown.1Teacher reads title aloudStudents listen and reflect2Inform students that there are many government programs/initiatives that have impacted early childhood education over the years, but these are the six on which we will focus. Ask students to hold up fingers to show how many they are familiar with. Note that these programs and initiatives have come about as a result of certain historical events and conditions that prevailed at the time.Hold up one to six fingers to show how many of these six programs/initiatives are familiar3-14Cue students as needed.Stop to ask if students understand each question. Discuss as needed.Read your assigned question as it appears on the screen.15Read question aloud. Give students time to ask questions and to talk among themselves about which programs they are most interested in. Make it clear that students may elect to work alone or in teams of either two or three people. State that there must be an individual or team assigned to each question and that teams will function better and work may be divided more equally if all teams are about the same size. Ideally, each team should have just one question, but, if necessary, a team may have two questions. Refer to Appendix 10.02D for details about the assignment. Ask questions. Talk with other students about the programs/initiatives that are of greatest interest.Benefits and Limitations of Early Childhood CareersSlide NumbersInstructions for TeacherInstructions for Students1 - 8Introduce the importance of making good career choicesRead aloud; supply words to fill in blanks; discuss as prompted9Read question; pause for students to write in their learning logsWrite in your learning logs what you plan to do after high school graduation10-12Read bullets; pause for discussionDiscuss13-17Before showing 4 benefits, ask what are the benefits of going straight to work after high school graduation.Name benefits. Check against those on slide. Examine each in detail and discuss.18-24Before showing 6 limitations, ask what are the limitations of going straight to work after high school graduation.Name limitations. Check against those on slide. Examine each in detail and discuss.25-33Before showing 8 benefits, ask what are the benefits of going for further education after high school graduation.Name benefits. Check against those on slide. Examine each in detail and discuss.34-38Before showing 4 limitations, ask what are the limitations of going for further education after high school graduation.Name limitations. Check against those on slide. Examine each in detail and discuss.39Have students stop to identify the benefits and limitations that are most relevant to them at this point. Conclude with whole-group discussion.Select the benefits and limitations that appear most relevant to you at this point. Discuss with a partner.4857750-8128000Priorities in OrderWhy is it important to know about the history of early childhood education?Directions: Complete as you view the power point presentation. Priority NumberReasonsStudent NotesProvides a sense of support and perspectiveServes as a source of inspirationHelps teachers develop creative expressionHelps teachers develop better methods of teachingCreates awareness and understanding of changes in educationHelps individuals get in touch with their own early childhood experiencesHelps individuals develop a philosophy of teaching(Use the bottom row to add your own ideas about why it is important to know about the history of early childhood education.)The History of Early Childhood Education Directions: Complete “The History of Early Childhood Education” as you view the power point presentation. LeaderContributionsMy ViewsJohn LockeFriedrich FroebelSigmund FreudJohn DeweyMargaret McMillanRudolph SteinerPatty HillMaria MontessoriLev VygotskyLoris MalaguzziMy Pedagogic CreedDirections: Use this space or design your own format on which to write 3 to 5 statements that summarize your beliefs about early childhood education.-3810-254000Investigative ReportingOrganization Cards Directions: Copy and cut apart. Give each student or pair of student’s one card. Have them find the answer to that one question.Use the “Investigative Reporting Assignment” handout to organize into teams to gather information and prepare to make PowerPoint presentations on historical events, programs, and initiatives influencing early childhood education. Be encouraged to be creative in selecting sources of information --- including Internet websites, and live interviews. Students may visit websites such as the Head Start bureau website, , as well as use course textbooks and references such as Beginnings and Beyond. They may want to contact agencies and centers in the community. Questions to Identify CausesQuestions to Identify EffectsWhat historical events led to Kaiser Centers?How have Kaiser Centersinfluenced early childhood education?What historical events led to Head Start?How has Head Startinfluenced early childhood education?What events led to Smart Start?How has Smart Startinfluenced early childhood education?What events led to No Child Left Behind?How has No Child Left Behind influenced early childhood education?What events led to More at 4 Pre-K?How has More at 4 Pre-K influenced early childhood education?What events led to 21st Century Skills?How has 21st Century Skills influenced early childhood education?Investigative Reporting AssignmentEach team or individual will gather information from a variety of sources to learn more about one of the selected government programs/initiatives that have influenced or are influencing early childhood education:Kaiser Child Care Centers4. No Child Left BehindHead Start5. More at Four Pre-KindergartenSmart Start6. 21st Century Skills.Each individual or team will choose one or two of the twelve questions presented in the PowerPoint. There are two questions for each program/initiative --- one question about the events that led to the development of that program (cause), and one question about the effect that the program had or is having on early childhood education.Use one or more of the following types of information sources:Computer - Internet websites, Email interviewsLive interviews – in person or by telephonePrint media - books, journals, magazines, newsletters, brochuresLook for information that answers and elaborates on the questions found in the PowerPoint. Separate information into two categories: (1) Information about historical events that led to the program or initiative and (2) Information about the influence this program/initiative has had/is having/is expected to have on early childhood education. Summarize findings on PowerPoint slides and present to the class. Your original slides may be merged within the PowerPoint included in this guide to organize a logical flow of information. Students are encouraged to incorporate clip art and other graphics to make their presentations interesting. Students may present information in creative ways --- e.g., as Causes and EffectsDirections: Use this 2-page chart to record details as specificed:Column 1 --- Historical events that led to each government program/initiativeColumn 2 --- Details about the government program/initiativeColumn 3 --- Ways in which the program/initiative made an impact.CAUSE:Historical EventsRESULT:Government Programs/InitiativesEFFECT:Impact on Early Childhood EducationKaiser Child Care CentersHead StartSmart StartCAUSE:Historical EventsRESULT:Government Programs/InitiativesEFFECT:Impact on Early Childhood EducationNo Child Left BehindMore at Four Pre-K21st Century SkillsTrends Affecting Careers in Child Care and TeachingDirections: Use a colored pencil or highlighter to shade in the trends that you believe are most likely to affect your career choices.2514600651510000251460056007000025146004914900002514600377190000251460029718000025146002057400002514600800100003200400320040000Careers In and Related to Early Childhood Education384810086995RELATED TOList careers related to early childhood education:Amusement park guide00RELATED TOList careers related to early childhood education:Amusement park guide28575134620 INList careers in early childhood education:Director00 INList careers in early childhood education:DirectorECE Career in BriefDirections: Investigate the traits, attitudes, skills and abilities associated with your chosen career. Write a summary of your findings on the briefcase below.21 Careers --- What Do They Do?Directions: Label each of the triangles with the name of a career in or related to early childhood education. In the same triangle, list tasks done by a person who works in this career on a typical day at work.Teacher Directions: Copy on card stock; cut along lines. Use to play charades.Directions for Play: Have each team draw a card, plan how to act out what a person in the career on the card would typically do at work, and select a team member to act it out while the members of the other team attempt to guess the career. At the end, have students discuss what they learned from the activity about what people do in specific careers in early childhood education.Parent education coordinatorInfant teacherToddler teacherPreschool teacherMontessori teacherParent cooperative teacherCenter directorKindergarten teacherKindergarten aide/assistantHead Start teacherSchool-age child care teacherAdoption counselorAmusement park guideArchitect who designs child care settings Child custody mediatorChildren’s book authorChildren’s zoo guideFuneral homebereavement counselorFamily and consumersciences teacherSchool nurse/nurse practitionerSummer camp instructor 436245010477500Trends --- Recall & ExemplifyDirections: The following trends can be classified as societal, educational, or workplace. Place an (S) in the blank for societal, (E) educational, or (W) workplace. Then find and record an example or evidence of each trend.Trends in Early Childhood EducationType:S, E, W?Example or EvidenceFamily leaveIncrease in dual-career familiesGradual decline in student enrollmentIncrease in single parentingRising enrollment in private preschoolsFlexible work schedules and locationsIncreasing emphasis on early childhood education programsChild care centers on work sitesIncreasing need for teachersIncrease in entrepreneurshipsIncreasing number of elderly in the workplaceIncreasing mobility of populationIncreasing need for child careIncreasingly diverse populationSEW Trends Have each student select a trend affecting ECE and develop an 8.5 x 5.5-inch design, either by hand or computer, to illustrate that trend. See sample and template in Appendices 10.01B, C. Designs may be: (a) sketches, photos, clip art, graphics; (b) collages; (c) cartoons; or (d) newspaper headlines. Have students use their trends designs to prepare SEW lace-up cards. Have them reproduce their designs either on cover stock or sticker paper and attach to cardboard, then hole-punch around edges. Their SEW lace-up cards can be used by children at the internship site. Interview of Early Childhood Professionals411480033528000Suggested Interview QuestionsDirections: Review these interview questions, and add oneoriginal question of your own.What are your major job responsibilities?How much education do I need to do your job?Are their possibilities of advancement?What are your working hours?Does this career offer benefits?What characteristics do I need to do the job?Do-It-Yourself question:Going Straight to Work after High SchoolThe decision to go straight to work after high school carries with it both benefits and limitations. Evaluate how important each of these benefits and limitations is in your life. Add additional benefits and limitations that you feel are needed. Number the entire two lists of benefits and limitations in priority order from most important to least important with “1” meaning “most important.”Benefits354330010668000_____Immediate employment_____Feeling of accomplishment_____Putting skills into practice before they are forgotten_____On-the-job training _____Independence_____ _____ 2514600106045SummaryUse this space to summarize how your priorities affect your plans for the future at this point.00SummaryUse this space to summarize how your priorities affect your plans for the future at this point._____ Limitations_____Lower paying jobs_____Entry-level jobs only_____Minimum benefits_____Limited variety of jobs_____ _____ _____ Going on for Further Education after High SchoolThe decision to go on for further study after high school carries with it both benefits and limitations. Add other items to the list if you wish. Evaluate how important each of these benefits and limitations is in your life. Number the entire two lists of benefits and limitations in priority order from most important to least important with “1” meaning “most important.”2903220139700SummaryUse this space to summarize how your priorities affect your plans for the future at this point.00SummaryUse this space to summarize how your priorities affect your plans for the future at this point.Benefits_____Financially rewarding career_____Opportunities for promotion_____Manageable hours_____Desirable working conditions_____Professional status27889203111500_____Broad range of majors_____Broad education base_____Financial assistance available_____Opportunities for continuing education and advancement_____ Limitations_____Greater cost_____Longer period required to reach goal_____Entrance requirements_____Competitive job marketFCCLA in action:Have students use career information learned in this unit to prepare for the Career Investigations competition in FCCLA. Find detailed guidelines and other information about this event in the National FCCLA Star Events manual.Have students work independently to prepare an illustrated talk on trends that affect careers in child care and teaching for a class FCCLA competition, the Illustrated Talk. Consult the National FCCLA STAR Events Manual for guidelines and procedures. Have students use the Internet to research trends and gather information. Suggested websites are listed in pages that follow. Secure three evaluators to hear talks and rate students’ performance. Arrange to have your class winner participate in the next level FCCLA competition in the Illustrated Talk event. Have students read the book Child Care in the 1990’s: Trends and Consequences. Ask the students to answer the question, “What trends influence careers in child care and teaching?”Sample Test Questions:Which is an example of the strategy of satisfying legal requirements to work in the field of early childhood careers?Beverly took her birth certificate as proof of age when she went to articulate credit for EDU 119 at the community college. Calvin went to get a flu shot before beginning his part-time job at the child care center. Dora signed the application form in black ink so that it would look professional.Evan obtained a background check to show that he did not have a criminal record.Barry showed his portfolio to a committee responsible for awarding financial aid at the college where he planned to major in Elementary Education. Which purpose of early childhood portfolios is this?To apply for a volunteer experienceTo carry to an employment interviewTo carry to a scholarship interviewTo seek enrollment in a school or courseCarl placed photos in his portfolio to show that he had worked with six-year-olds at a summer camp for two summers. Which type of samples and evidences for early childhood portfolios is this?Documentation of experienceEvidence of developmental knowledgeEvidence of skillsWork samplesNoah decided to include work samples from his senior project in his portfolio because they really showed the quality of his work better than any other samples he had. Which guiding question for organizing and polishing portfolios is this?Does the portfolio have a professional appearance?Does the material add value to the portfolio?Have you shown that you have a wide range of skills?Have you used self-reflection to identify your strengths?Pam carried her early childhood portfolio to the interview, but failed to use it because the interviewers never asked to see it. What should Pam have done differently?Ask the interviewer if she could bring the portfolio another timeNot prepare a portfolio since it does not relate to early childhood careersNot write the speech word for wordShow parts of the portfolio as they relate to questions asked ................
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