Chapter 1: Exploring Life



Chapter 42: Circulation and Gas Exchange

42.1 Circulatory systems reflect phylogeny

• Invertebrate Circulation- gastrovascular cavity, open circulatory system, closed circulatory system, blood, vessels, heart, hemolymph

Concept Check- 1,2,3

42.2 Double circulation in mammals depends on the anatomy and pumping cycle of the heart

• Mammalian Circulation: The Pathway- right ventricle, semilunar valve, pulmonary arteries, lungs, capillary beds, oxygen, carbon dioxide, pulmonary veins, left atrium, atrioventricular (AV) valve, left ventricle, aorta, arteries, venules, veins, vena cavae, right atrium, cardiac cycle, systole, diastole, sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, electrocardiogram (EKG, ECG)

Concept Check- 1,2

42.3 Physical principles govern blood circulation

• Blood Pressure- blood pressure, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure

• Capillary Function- capillary bed, arteriole, venule

• Fluid Return by the Lymphatic System- lymphatic system, lymph, lymph nodes

Concept Check- 1,2,3

42.4 Blood is a connective tissue with cells suspended in plasma

• Blood Composition and Function- plasma, electrolytes, plasma proteins, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, pluripotent stem cells, fibrinogen, fibrin

• Cardiovascular Disease- atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart attack, stroke

Concept Check- 2,3

42.5 Gas exchange occurs across specialized respiratory surfaces

• Intro- gas exchange, respiration

• Gills in Aquatic Organisms- gills

• Tracheal System in Insects- tracheal system

• Lungs- pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

Concept Check- 1,2

42.6 Breathing ventilates the lungs

• Intro- breathing

• How a Mammal Breathes- diaphragm

Concept Check- 3

42.7 Respiratory pigments bind and transport gases

• The Role of Partial Pressure Gradients- partial pressure

• Respiratory Pigments- respiratory pigments, hemoglobin, four subunits, heme group, embedded iron atom, Bohr shift, bicarbonate ions

Concept Check- 1,2,3

Testing Your Knowledge 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8

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