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Name __________________________________ Date _________ Period _____ Score ________

THEIR FACES TOWARD HOPE - The Long Journey to Utah - CHAPTER 5

There was much interest in religion in western New York State. People were searching for religion. At the same time, many other people were trying to find land on the American frontier to begin a new life.

Pioneers traveled west in wagons headed for Oregon and California. One party, the Donner Party, met with tragedy in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Mormons went west looking for land that others did not want.

A Religious Journey

The Mormon Trek actually began in 1831 when Joseph Smith and his small group went

from New York to Ohio to Missouri and then to Illinois.

“Mormon” is a nickname given to followers of Joseph Smith because of their belief in the Book of Mormon.

Joseph Smith wanted his followers to gather together to “a gathering place,” or Zion. Zion meant a place for people to live together in peace and where there would be no poor.

The first gathering place was in Kirkland, Ohio.

Some walked on land and others traveled

on canal boats and lake steamers to Ohio.

In the summer of 1831, Joseph Smith and some others left Ohio and explored western Missouri, and started five settlements.

Problems soon arose in Missouri and Missouri’s Governor Boggs gave an extermination order. He said that all the Mormons must move or be killed.

The Mormons were forced to keep

moving to new places

Problems between the Mormons and their neighbors were because of differences about religion, politics, and economics.

1. They accepted Joseph Smith as a prophet who spoke to God.

2. In Illinois, the church leaders began to live polygamy - where a man could have more than one wife.

3. They all gathered together which meant that they often outnumbered their neighbors.

4. In elections, all Mormons voted for the same people and neighbors were worried they would take over.

5. Many Mormons were against slavery and the majority of the people in Missouri were for slavery.

6. The Mormons lived a communal or cooperative economic lifestyle in Ohio. Everything went to the church and this made the church leaders very powerful.

Many people of different religions hoped to find

refuge from religious persecution in America.

The Mormons drained a swamp in Illinois and built the city of Nauvoo. Nauvoo became the largest city in Illinois at the time.

An anti-Mormon newspaper called the Nauvoo Expositor was started up. It printed some articles that were not true about the Mormons. Joseph Smith ordered it destroyed, which made nearby towns people angry.

Joseph Smith and some others were taken to jail in Carthage. A mob attacked the prison and shot and killed Joseph and his brother, Hyrum. Joseph’s followers considered him a martyr, unjustly killed for his religion.

Joseph was shot and fell out of

the window to the ground.

When the Mormons were forced by mob violence to leave Nauvoo, it involved about 12,000 people in the city and 2,000 to 3,000 Mormons in nearby towns.

In late February, the Mississippi River froze and all but about 3,000 people and 500 wagons left. They camped in Iowa until spring.

Jane Manning James was a free Black convert.

She wasn’t allowed on a steamer because of the

ship’s captain, so Jane and her family walked about

750 miles to Nauvoo. Her family went on to Salt Lake

City, with the pioneers, in 1847

Nauvoo was also called the City of Joseph.

A midwife is someone who helps deliver babies.

Moving West — A Difficult Task

Pioneers followed an old road and American Indian trails to cross Iowa.

Sometimes the people stopped so the men could work in towns. In a few places, they made their own new communities.

Brigham young lead a large group of the pioneers to the Missouri River, where a community was established. In September, they established a large community in Nebraska that they called Winter Quarters.

Winter Quarters was in Indian territory.

The Mormon Battalion.

During the war with Mexico, the president of the United States called on the Mormons to provide a group of soldiers. This helped the pioneers because it helped pay for wagons, oxen, food, and other supplies for the trip west.

The Mexican War ended in 1848, and the Mormon Battalion never really fought in any battles.

Many of the Battalion made their way to Northern California where they were involved in the discovery of gold.

Brigham Young led the Mormons from Illinois to the

Great Basin. He has been called “the most

commanding single figure” of the American West.

Traveling by sea.

Samuel Brannon advertized for people to take the trip from New York to San Francisco. The ship Brooklyn sailed with 70 men, 68 women, and 100 children. It rounded the Cape Horn and landed in Yerba Buena (San Francisco) in July, 1846.

The Mormon Trail

From 1846 to 1896 more than 70,000 Mormon Pioneers traveled along the Mormon Trail.

At the time they started going west, they didn’t know exactly where they would be stopping.

Because they wanted to be left alone, they made their own trail on the north side of the Platte River as far as it went.

The Advance Pioneer Company

In early spring of 1847, Brigham Young led a company of pioneers from Winter Quarters to the Great Basin.

The group prepared the way for thousands of other Latter-day Saints who would soon follow.

They built ferries to cross rivers, improved the trails, and marked the trail, and wrote guides to help people know where to find campsites.

William Clayton wrote the “Latter-day

Saints Emigrants’ Guide” for other

pioneers who would follow.

The Pioneer Company was mostly men with 3 women, two young boys, and some teenage boys. Two or three of the group were non-Mormons.

Thomas Bullock’s diary was the official record of the advance pioneer company.

Even though some people traveling on the Oregon Trail killed the buffalo for sport, Brigham Young said “There should be no more game killed until such time as it should be needed, for it [is] a sin to waste life and flesh....If we do slay when we do not need, we will need when we cannot slay.

Appleton Milo Harmon, Orson Pratt and

William Clayton devised a “roadometer”

to keep track of the daily distance

traveled by the group.

The pioneers crossed the Continental Divide, in the Rocky Mountains, where rivers begin to flow to the west instead of the east.

They remained in Fort Bridger for two days to rest, repair wagons, and trade.

The final 116 miles after Fort Bridger were the most difficult.

Jim Bridger advised them to not settle in the Great Basin.

When the pioneers came to the Great Basin,

it was part of a huge region owned by Mexico.

Orson Pratt and Erastus Snow were the first of the Mormons to set foot in the Salt Lake Valley.

Brigham Young and the others entered the valley on July 24th .

Brigham Young was ill when the first group

entered the valley. When he say the valley

for the first time he said,”This is the

right place. Move on.”

Other Pioneer Companies

Several of the advance company returned to Winter Quarters to help get others ready to come.

A day on the trail

they got up with the horn;

they looked for fuel

usually buffalo chips;

they cooked breakfast

usually the girls and women

they cooked soda biscuits or cornmeal johnnycakes

Beans and bacon were popular too.

They fixed coffee or tea to drink because the water was usually muddy

they got the wagons ready to go and pulled out

drivers were of both sexes

those who could walk did

some of those walking helped control the cattle and other horses

children amused themselves

they stopped at mid day “nooning” to rest the animals and to eat lunch

they stopped again for the night

they animals were unyoked and set to pasture

they ate supper and then had some free time

to hunt, fish, read, write letters, sing, talk, dance

they got ready for bed for the night

They tried to keep their life on the trail as much like life back home, including religious activities, as possible.

Heat, cold, dust, bad water, unusual food, accidents, insects, snakes and poor sanitation caused health problems. Accidents were common.

The pioneers stayed away from Indian villages and when they did meet up with them, gave them gifts.

For most travelers the trip was not harder or more life-threatening than a year on a farm.

Eliza R. Snow became known as “Zion’s poetess.”

She also fought for years to help

the Utah women get the right to vote.

Governor Ford was the governor of Illinois who had promised Joseph Smith and the Mormons protection. He gave in to pressure and the Smiths were killed.

Name __________________________________ Date _________ Period _____ Score ________

THEIR FACES TOWARD HOPE - The Long Journey to Utah - CHAPTER 5

There was much interest in religion in western __________ __________ State. People were searching for __________ . At the same time, many other people were trying to find land on the American __________ to begin a new life.

Pioneers traveled west in wagons headed for __________ and California. One party, the __________ Party, met with tragedy in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Mormons went west looking for land that others __________ __________ want.

A Religious Journey

The Mormon Trek actually began in __________ when Joseph Smith and his small group went

from New York to Ohio to Missouri and then to Illinois.

“ __________ ” is a nickname given to followers of Joseph Smith because of their belief in the Book of Mormon.

Joseph smith wanted his followers to gather together to “a gathering place,” or __________ . Zion meant a place for people to live together in __________ and where there would be no __________ .

The first gathering place was in __________ , Ohio.

Some walked on land and others traveled

on canal boats and lake steamers to __________ .

In the summer of 1831, Joseph Smith and some others left Ohio and explored western __________ , and started five settlements.

Problems soon arose in Missouri and Missouri’s Governor __________ gave an __________ order. He said that all the Mormons must move or be __________ .

The Mormons were forced to keep

__________ to new places

Problems between the Mormons and their neighbors were because of differences about __________ , politics, and __________ .

1. Mormons accepted Joseph Smith as a prophet who spoke to __________ .

2. In Illinois, the church leaders began to live __________ - where a man could have more than one wife.

3. They all gathered together which meant that they often __________ their neighbors.

4. In elections, all Mormons voted for the same people and neighbors were worried they would __________ __________ .

5. Many Mormons were against __________ and the majority of the people in Missouri were for __________ .

6. The Mormons lived a __________ or cooperative economic lifestyle in Ohio. Everything went to the church and this made the church leaders very __________.

Many people of different religions hoped to find

refuge from religious __________ in America.

The Mormons drained a __________ in Illinois and built the city of Nauvoo. Nauvoo became the __________ city in Illinois at the time.

An anti-Mormon newspaper called the __________ __________ was started up. It printed some articles that were not true about the Mormons. Joseph Smith ordered it __________ , which made nearby towns people angry.

Joseph Smith and some others were taken to jail in __________ . A mob attacked the prison and shot and killed __________ and his brother, __________ . Joseph’s followers considered him a __________ , unjustly killed for his religion.

Joseph was shot and fell out of

the __________ to the ground.

When the Mormons were forced by mob violence to leave Nauvoo, it involved about __________ people in the city and 2,000 to 3,000 Mormons in nearby towns.

In late February, the Mississippi River __________ and all but about __________ people and 500 wagons left. They camped in Iowa until spring.

Jane Manning James was a __________ __________ convert.

She wasn’t allowed on a steamer because of the

ship’s captain, so Jane and her family walked about

__________ miles to Nauvoo. Her family went on to Salt Lake

City, with the pioneers, in 1847

Nauvoo was also called the __________ of __________ .

A midwife is someone who helps deliver __________.

Moving West — A Difficult Task

Pioneers followed an old road and American __________ trails to cross Iowa.

Sometimes the people stopped so the men could __________ in towns. In a few places, they made their own new __________ .

Brigham young lead a large group of the pioneers to the __________ __________ , where a community was established. In September, they established a large community in Nebraska

that they called __________ __________ .

Winter Quarters was in __________ territory.

The Mormon Battalion.

During the war with __________ , the president of the United States called on the Mormons

to provide a group of soldiers. This helped the pioneers because it helped pay for __________ ,

oxen, __________ , and other supplies for the trip __________ .

The Mexican War ended in __________ , and the Mormon Battalion never really fought

in any __________ .

Many of the Battalion made their way to Northern California where they were involved

in the discovery of __________ .

Brigham Young led the Mormons from Illinois to the

__________ __________ . He has been called “the most

commanding single figure” of the __________ __________ .

Traveling by sea.

Samuel __________ advertized for people to take the trip from New York to __________ . The ship Brooklyn sailed with 70 men, 68 women, and 100 children. It rounded the Cape Horn and landed in __________ __________ (San Francisco) in July, __________ .

The Mormon Trail

From 1846 to 1896 more than __________ Mormon Pioneers traveled along the __________ __________ .

At the time they started going west, they didn’t know exactly where they would be __________ .

Because they wanted to be __________ __________ , they made their own trail on the __________ side of the Platte River as far as it went.

The Advance Pioneer Company

In early spring of __________ , Brigham Young led a company of pioneers from Winter Quarters to the Great Basin.

The group prepared the way for thousands of other __________-_______ __________ who would soon follow.

They built __________ to cross rivers, improved the __________ , and marked the trail, and wrote __________ to help people know where to find campsites.

__________ __________ wrote the “Latter-day

Saints Emigrants’ Guide” for other

pioneers who would follow.

The Pioneer Company was mostly __________ with 3 women, two young boys, and some teenage boys. Two or three of the group were _____-__________ .

Thomas __________ ’s diary was the official record of the advance pioneer company.

Even though some people traveling on the Oregon Trail killed the buffalo for __________ , Brigham Young said “There should be no more game killed until such time as it should be __________ , for it [is] a sin to waste life and flesh....If we do slay when we do not need, we will need when we cannot slay.

Appleton Milo Harmon, Orson Pratt and

William Clayton devised a “ __________ ”

to keep track of the daily distance

traveled by the group.

The pioneers crossed the __________ __________ , in the Rocky Mountains, where rivers begin to flow to the west instead of the east.

They remained in Fort Bridger for two days to __________ , to repair __________ , and trade.

The final __________ miles after Fort Bridger were the most difficult.

Jim Bridger advised them to __________ settle in the Great Basin.

When the pioneers came to the Great Basin,

it was part of a huge region owned by __________ .

Orson __________ and Erastus __________ were the first of the Mormons to set foot in the Salt Lake Valley.

Brigham Young and the others entered the valley on __________ .

Brigham Young was __________ when the first group

entered the valley. When he say the valley

for the first time he said,”____________

________________________________.”

Other Pioneer Companies

Several of the advance company __________ to Winter Quarters to help get others ready to come.

A day on the trail

they got up with the __________ ;

they looked for fuel

usually __________ __________ ;

they cooked breakfast

usually the __________ and __________

they cooked soda biscuits or cornmeal johnnycakes

Beans and bacon were popular too.

They fixed coffee or tea to drink because the water was usually __________

they got the wagons ready to go and pulled out

drivers were of both sexes

those who could __________ did

some of those walking helped control the __________ and other horses

children amused themselves

they stopped at mid day “ __________ ” to rest the animals and to eat lunch

they stopped again for the night

they animals were unyoked and set to pasture

they ate supper and then had some free time

to hunt, fish, read, write letters, sing, talk, dance

they got ready for bed for the night

They tried to keep their __________ on the trail as much like life back home, including __________ activities, as possible.

Heat, cold, dust, bad water, unusual food, accidents, insects, snakes and poor sanitation caused health problems. __________ were common.

The pioneers stayed away from __________ villages and when they did meet up with them, gave them gifts.

For most travelers the trip was not harder or more life-threatening than a year on a __________ .

Eliza R. Snow became known as “ __________ __________ .”

She also fought for years to help

the Utah women get the right to vote.

Governor Ford was the governor of __________ who had promised Joseph Smith and the Mormons __________ . He gave in to pressure and the Smiths were __________ .

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