Life Sciences Grade 11 Gaseous exchange - Voortrekker Afstandsleer

Life Sciences Grade 11

Gaseous exchange:

The point of cellular respiration is that it provides cells with energy to perform life

processes. Without it we would not be able to grow, maintain a constant body

temperature, and perform certain chemical reactions in the cell.

Remember that:

Glucose + Oxygen = Energy (ATP) + Carbon dioxide + Water

We eat the glucose and it moves from the digestive system in the blood to the liver

where it is regulated and moves in the blood plasma to all cells of the body.

We inhale oxygen, and that is the purpose of the respiratory system, to suck

oxygen in, from the lungs the oxygen moves into the blood and is transported

(mainly in the red blood cells) to all cells in the body.

Carbon dioxide is formed in body cells and that it needs to be transported away from

the body cells to the lungs, via the blood, where it is exhaled.

The next section is looking at the respiratory system and how the body efficiently

takes in and transports oxygen to all cells of the body and takes carbon dioxide from

the cells of the body in the blood to the lungs were it is exhaled to the atmosphere.

Breathing: The process of inhaling and exhaling.

External gaseous exchange: The movement of oxygen from the lungs (by

diffusion) in to the blood, and the movement of carbon dioxide (by diffusion) from the

blood into the lungs.

Transport (in the blood): Oxygen is transported mainly by the red blood cells

(oxygen bonds to haemoglobin in the red blood cells) and is transported to all body

cells. Carbon dioxide is transported (mainly in the blood plasma) to the lungs.

Internal gaseous exchange: This is gaseous exchange between the blood and

body cells. Oxygen diffuses from the red blood cells to the body cells and carbon

dioxide diffuses from the body cells to the blood.

Cellular respiration: The process of breaking down glucose in the presence of

oxygen to form energy (which is picked up by ATP). Water and carbon dioxide are

waster products.

Diffusion: Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of

low concentration until equilibrium is reached.

The surface where gaseous exchange takes place should be:

Large: The larger the surface area, the more diffusion can take place.

Thin: The thinner the area, the quicker diffusion can take place.

Moist: Gasses (oxygen and carbon dioxide) need to be a solution to diffuse across a

membrane.

Transport system: For efficient transport of gasses.

Protected: It is thin and delicate.

Different organisms have different mechanisms for gaseous exchange to take place.

Complete the table below in your workbook.

Adaptations for effective gaseous exchange:

Organism

Large

surface

area

Thin

Moist

Well

ventilated

Protected

Transport

system

Dicot plant

Earth worm

Insect

Bony fish

Mammal

Gaseous exchange in humans:

Structure of the respiratory system:

Asemhalingstelsel / Respiratory System

Parts of the respiratory system

- Air passages

- Lungs

- Respiratory muscles

Dele van die asemhalingstelsel:

- Luggange

- Longe

- Asemhalingspiere

1. Luggange / Air passages

Struktuur Structure

Aanpassing Adaptation

Funksie Function

Neus Nose

Farinks

Pharynx

Tragea Trachea

Brongi Bronchi

Brongiole

Bronchioli

2. Longe / Lungs

Struktuur Structure

Extern External

Aanpassing Adaptation

Funksie Function

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