Quiz Chapter 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in ...



Quiz Chapter 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood (30 points)

Name___________________________________

MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the alternative that best completes the statement or

answers the question.

1. The average human lifespan around the globe is

a. 85 years.

b. 80 years

c. 70 years

d. 65 years

2. A recent discovery concerning neurons has led to the possibility of new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of disorders such as Alzheimer’s. What is the nature of this discovery?

a. neurons in the adult brain will regenerate

b. prednisone reduces plaque formation

c. immunizations block the entrance of viruses in brain cells

d. aluminum can be flushed from the cells with an enzyme

3. Glaucoma can lead to blindness due to

a. thickening and clouding of the lens.

b. blood vessels gradually covering all of the retinal surface.

c. thinning of the layers of the retina and rupturing of blood vessels.

d. increased pressure caused by fluid, which may then damage the optic nerve.

4. Mutcher and associates (1999) report that the probability of retirement is increased by

a. poor health.

b. a strong desire for more leisure time.

c. a recognition by the elderly that time is running out.

d. a stated need by older individuals to spend more time with family members.

5. Ethel, age 59, was told by her doctor that she has a buildup of pressure in her eye due to excessive fluid. Ethel has

a. cataracts.

b. hyperopia.

c. senile macular degeneration.

d. glaucoma.

6. The __________________ theory of aging argues that aging is due to the cumulative effects of hard work and lifelong stress.

a. wear and tear

b. counterpart

c. autoimmunity

d. accumulation of errors

7. The main visual problem that cannot be treated and may cause difficulty for the elderly is

a. loss of night vision.

b. glaucoma.

c. senile macular degeneration.

d. presbyopia.

8. __________________ is the major connective tissue in the body; providing the elasticity in our skin and blood vessels.

a. Collagen

b. Cartilage

c. Fibrin

d. Fascia

9. Alpaugh’s cross-sectional study of creative productivity concluded that creativity

a. improves with age.

b. remains stable with age.

c. declines with age.

d. improves with age for women and remains stable for men.

10. Brittleness of bones, leading to osteoporosis, is an example of the effect of

a. autoimmunity.

b. accumulation of errors.

c. accumulation of metabolic waste.

d. aging by program.

11. Jaquish and Ripple defined creativity as

a. abstract thinking abilities.

b. crystallized abilities.

c. convergent thinking abilities.

d. divergent thinking abilities.

12. The development of cataracts and cholesterol in the arteries is thought to be the result of

a. the accumulation of metabolic wastes.

b. wear and tear on the body.

c. an autoimmune response.

d. cross-linkage.

13. Alberto, age 81, finds that young people often respond to his comments in a patronizing or condescending manner. This type of prejudice is known as

a. reverse discrimination.

b. ageism.

c. role reversal.

d. immaturity.

14. The leading cause of blindness in people over age 65 is

a. vision loss due to cataracts.

b. glaucoma.

c. senile macular dementia.

d. floaters.

15. Frances, age 66, has recently lost some of her teeth. Her loss of teeth is most likely a result of

a. changes in collagen in the gums.

b. poor diet.

c. hormonal changes.

d. gum disease.

16. In old age, changes in the hair, such as baldness, thinness, and a growing amount of facial hair in women, are due to

a. congenital hirsutism.

b. hormonal changes.

c. a change in diet.

d. changes in collagen.

17. The primary change observed in older individuals in terms of communication skills relates to

a. their desire to talk more about their life experiences.

b. their inability to find synonyms on timed tests.

c. their tendency to wander off topic and provide irrelevant details when describing pictures.

d. problems in hearing.

18. Research indicates that behavioral links to prostate cancer include all of the following EXCEPT

a. eating excessive dietary fat.

b. smoking.

c. too little exercise.

d. high blood pressure.

19. John, age 62, can no longer handle complex tasks, remember how to travel around familiar places, follow conversations, or remember ordinary words. What is the most likely diagnosis for John?

a. schizophrenia

b. major affective disorder

c. Alzheimer’s disease

d. pulmonary hypertension

20. What are antibodies?

a. connective tissues in the body

b. substances in the blood that fight to kill foreign bodies

c. mutations that cause the formation of altered DNA

d. foreign invaders that stimulate a response from the immune system

21. Which of the following is an emerging avenue of treatment for Alzheimer’s disease?

a. efforts to combat the enzymes involved in cell degradation

b. immunizations against the protein that becomes abnormal

c. gene therapy designed to revitalize damaged cells

d. All of these are new therapeutic approaches.

22. The key factor that results in the aging process, as explained by the theory of homeostatic imbalance, is that the elderly are not as able to handle __________________ as are younger individuals.

a. stress

b. a rich diet

c. low levels of adrenaline

d. long periods without a great deal of stimulation

23. Which of the following factors has been shown to have a strong relationship to mental health in the elderly?

a. physical health

b. social resources

c. economic resources

d. All of the answers are correct.

24. Which of the following statements supports the genetic theory of aging?

a. Monozygotic twins have more similar lengths of life than do dizygotic twins.

b. The Human Genome Project has identified the suite of genes that contributes to early death as well as long life.

c . Genes, which direct many cellular activities during the early years of life, become altered in later years.

d. Genes are responsible for functional declines associated with aging.

25. What is the number one cause of death after age 40 in all age, sex, and racial groups?

a. cancer

b. heart disease

c. AIDS

d. hypertension

26. As stated in the text, a major event in the reduction of deaths has been

a. the use of childhood vaccines.

b. the reduction of sources of radiation in the environment.

c. the careful monitoring of radon gas emissions.

d. the use of prenatal vitamins.

27. One of the major events discussed in the text that contributes to an elderly individual’s increase in creativity during later years is

a. retirement.

b. the midlife crisis.

c. widowhood.

d. recognition of impending death.

28. Which of the following statements most closely aligns with Baltes and Staudinger’s conception of wisdom?

a. Fluid, but not crystallized, intelligence is most important to wisdom.

b. Temperament, as seen in expression of personality traits, is independent of wisdom.

c. In general, the older a person becomes, the greater the wisdom they will exhibit.

d. An ability to understand the important components of a situation with little information but rapid processing is a key component of wisdom.

29. Hideki has worked long hours all of his life, with little sleep and a great deal of pressure. He is convinced that this will shorten his life. What should a physician tell Hideki?

a. There is no clear evidence that either hard work or stress will result in premature aging or early death.

b. Hideki is correct, and if he does not slow down he will die early.

c. As long as Hideki maintains a low-fat diet, he will live as long as anyone else.

d. If Hideki compensates for the lack of rest with a rich diet, he will be fine.

30. Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease in which the body’s immune system rejects its own tissue. This is an example of what physiological theory of aging?

a. autoimmunity

b. accumulation of errors

c. accumulation of metabolic waste

d. homeostatic imbalance

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