Chapter 06 - Where It Starts - Photosynthesis

?Multiple Choice1.?Photosynthetic plants readily ____.??a.??get carbon from their food?b.??obtain energy from water?c.??consume other organisms as food?d.??provide food for others?e.?do not need gases to make food?ANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??6.1 BiofuelsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.1 - Examine the importance of biofuels.2.?Ethanol can be easily produced from ____.??a.??photosynthetic pigments?b.??crystalline cellulose?c.??root systems of plants?d.??plant sugars?e.?stems of plants?ANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??6.1 BiofuelsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.1 - Examine the importance of biofuels.3.?Plants are considered to be ____.??a.??heterotrophs?b.??chemotrophs?c.??carbotrophs?d.??autotrophs?e.?thermotrophs?ANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??6.1 BiofuelsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.1 - Examine the importance of biofuels.4.?The ____ a photon’s wavelength, the ____ its energy.??a.??shorter; greater?b.??longer; greater?c.??shorter; less?d.??longer; more variable?e.?shorter; more variable?ANSWER:??aDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: AnalyzeREFERENCES:??6.2 Sunlight as an Energy SourceLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.2 - Examine the characteristics of sunlight.5.?In the electromagnetic spectrum, ____.??a.??infrared energy has the shortest wavelength?b.??infrared radiation has more energy than red radiation?c.??visible light has more energy than ultraviolet radiation?d.??near-infrared radiation provides the energy for photosynthesis?e.?visible light provides the energy for photosynthesis?ANSWER:??eDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??6.2 Sunlight as an Energy SourceLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.2 - Examine the characteristics of sunlight.6.?What statement below characterizes pigments’ function???a.??They absorb some photons.?b.??They reflect all photons.?c.??They absorb photons of all colors.?d.??They absorb photons of all wavelengths.?e.?They absorb ultraviolet wavelengths.?ANSWER:??aDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: AnalysisREFERENCES:??6.2 Sunlight as an Energy SourceLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.3 - Examine how pigments capture light.7.?Chlorophyll does not absorb ____ wavelengths of light.??a.??red?b.?yellow??c.??orange?d.??green?e.?blue?ANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??6.2 Sunlight as an Energy SourceLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.3 - Examine how pigments capture light.8.?____ are accessory pigments in photosynthesis that reflect blue and red wavelengths best.??a.??Carotenoids?b.??Phycobilins?c.??Anthocyanins?d.??Chlorophyll b?e.?Chlorophyll a?ANSWER:??cDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??6.2 Sunlight as an Energy SourceLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.3 - Examine how pigments capture light.9.?A pigment absorbs a photon if the energy of the photon is ____.??a.??exactly enough to boost an electron of the pigment to a higher energy level?b.??slightly more than the energy of the electron absorbing the photon?c.??significantly more than the energy of the electron absorbing the photon?d.??exactly twice the energy of the electron absorbing the photon?e.?significantly less than the energy of the electron absorbing the photon?ANSWER:??aDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES:??6.2 Sunlight as an Energy SourceLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.3 - Examine how pigments capture light.10.?When an electron in a pigment molecule is absorbed by a photon, it ____.??a.??is always shared with another atom via a double bond?b.??is always shared with another atom via a single bond?c.??emits its extra energy and returns to its original energy level?d.??moves to a higher energy level and remains there?e.?moves to a lower energy level and remains there?ANSWER:??cDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: AnalysisREFERENCES:??6.2 Sunlight as an Energy SourceLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.2 - Examine the characteristics of sunlight.11.?Carotenoids are accessory pigments that ____.?a.?absorb yellow and red light to assist in photosynthesis??b.??capture energy from light and use it directly in cellular respiration?c.??are masked by the presence of chlorophyll throughout the growing season?d.??absorb blue and violet wavelengths and reflect green and ?yellow?e.?reflect blue wavelengths?ANSWER:??cDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: AnalyzeREFERENCES:??6.2 Sunlight as an Energy SourceLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.3 - Examine how pigments capture light.

?Figure 6.5B?Questions 12-14 refer to the figure above illustrating the results from Engelmann's investigation.12.?Englemann’s experiment was designed to determine ____.??a.??what wavelengths comprise visible light?b.?what colors are contained in visible light??c.??if bacteria are attracted to oxygen?d.??if photosynthesis releases oxygen?e.?if photosynthesis is impacted by the color of light?ANSWER:??eDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: ApplyREFERENCES:??6.3 Exploring the RainbowPREFACE?NAME:??Figure 6.5BLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.4 - Examine how the wavelength of light affects photosynthesis.13.?According to the figure, the most effective wavelength for photosynthesis is revealed by algae exposed to ____ nanometers.??a.??680?b.??700?c.??400?d.??425?e.?550?ANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES:??6.3 Exploring the RainbowPREFACE?NAME:??Figure 6.5BLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.4 - Examine how the wavelength of light affects photosynthesis.14.?The best light to grow the alga in is ____, according to the figure.??a.??blue-violet?b.??blue-green?c.??green-yellow?d.??yellow-orange?e.?orange-red?ANSWER:??aDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES:??6.3 Exploring the RainbowPREFACE?NAME:??Figure 6.5BLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.4 - Examine how the wavelength of light affects photosynthesis.15.?In plant cells, chloroplasts are found ____.??a.??on the cell membrane?b.??in the cytoplasm of the cell?c.??in the stroma?d.??in the thylakoids?e.?in the central vacuole?ANSWER:??bDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??6.4 Overview of PhotosynthesisLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.6 - Describe the process of photosynthesis using a flowchart.16.?The light dependent reactions do not produce ____.??a.??glucose?b.??oxygen?c.??ATP?d.??NADPH?e.?H+?ANSWER:??aDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??6.4 Overview of PhotosynthesisLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.6 - Describe the process of photosynthesis using a flowchart.17.?During the light dependent reactions, NADPH ____.??a.??is an enzyme?b.??is the oxidized form of NADP+?c.?accepts hydrogen and electrons from water??d.??accepts hydrogen and electrons from carbohydrates?e.?obtains energy from ATP?ANSWER:??cDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: AnalysisREFERENCES:??6.4 Overview of PhotosynthesisLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.6 - Describe the process of photosynthesis using a flowchart.18.?Sugars are formed in the chloroplasts ____.??a.??on the outer membrane?b.??on the inner membrane?c.??in the thylakoid compartment?d.??in the stroma?e.?within the thylakoid membrane?ANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??6.4 Overview of PhotosynthesisLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.6 - Describe the process of photosynthesis using a flowchart.19.?Actual assembly of sugars during photosynthesis ____.??a.??occurs during light-dependent reactions?b.??takes place in the mitochondria?c.??requires NADPH?d.??yields ATP?e.?requires oxygen?ANSWER:??cDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??6.4 Overview of PhotosynthesisLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.6 - Describe the process of photosynthesis using a flowchart.20.?What is NOT a product of the light-independent reactions???a.??ADP?b.??NADP+?c.?oxygen??d.??glucose?e.?free phosphates?ANSWER:??cDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES:??6.4 Overview of PhotosynthesisLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.6 - Describe the process of photosynthesis using a flowchart.21.?The oxygen released in photosynthesis comes from ____.??a.??carbon dioxide?b.??glucose?c.??ribulose bisphosphate?d.??water?e.?atmospheric oxygen?ANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??6.4 Overview of PhotosynthesisLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.6 - Describe the process of photosynthesis using a flowchart.22.?The two photosystems of light-dependent reactions are designated ____.??a.??type 1 and type 2?b.??type I and type II?c.??photosystem A and photosystem B?d.??photosystem 680 and photosystem 700?e.?photosystem I and photosystem II?ANSWER:??eDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??6.5 Light-Dependent ReactionsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.8 - Outline the cyclic and noncyclic pathways involved in energy transportation in photosynthetic organisms.23.?Which statement best describes an electron transfer chain???a.??It generates energy from carbohydrates.?b.??It is used by cells to dispose of excess electrons.?c.??It utilizes ATP to synthesize nutrients.?d.??It transfers energy, stepwise, from one compound to another.?e.?It requires activation by oxygen.?ANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??6.5 Light-Dependent ReactionsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.8 - Outline the cyclic and noncyclic pathways involved in energy transportation in photosynthetic organisms.24.?A high concentration of H+ in the thylakoid compartment provides potential energy for the ____ by ____.??a.??breakdown of water; oxidation?b.??production of ATP; ATP synthases?c.??reduction of NADP+; an electron transfer chain?d.??production of sugars; the light-independent reactions?e.?production of O2; photolysis?ANSWER:??bDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: SynthesizeREFERENCES:??6.5 Light-Dependent ReactionsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.7 - Outline the importance of light-dependent reactions in the process of photosynthesis.25.?The electrons for photosynthesis come from ____.??a.??ATP?b.??glucose?c.??NADP+?d.??chlorophyll a?e.?H2O?ANSWER:??eDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: SynthesizeREFERENCES:??6.5 Light-Dependent ReactionsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.7 - Outline the importance of light-dependent reactions in the process of photosynthesis.26.?Plant cells release hydrogen ions and oxygen from H2O molecules in ____.??a.??photosystem I?b.??photosystem II?c.?cyclic photophosphorylation??d.??the light independent reaction?e.?carbon fixation?ANSWER:??bDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??6.5 Light-Dependent ReactionsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.8 - Outline the cyclic and noncyclic pathways involved in energy transportation in photosynthetic organisms.27.?The process of photolysis ____.??a.??is a function of the cyclic pathway?b.??involves photosystem I?c.??occurs in the light-independent reactions?d.??is the source of water in photosynthesis?e.?directly replaces electrons lost by P680?ANSWER:??eDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: AnalyzeREFERENCES:??6.5 Light-Dependent ReactionsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.8 - Outline the cyclic and noncyclic pathways involved in energy transportation in photosynthetic organisms.28.?What product of the light-dependent reactions is released directly into the environment???a.??O2?b.??electrons?c.??NADPH?d.??ATP?e.?hydrogen ions?ANSWER:??aDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: AnalyzeREFERENCES:??6.5 Light-Dependent ReactionsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.7 - Outline the importance of light-dependent reactions in the process of photosynthesis.29.?The proteins associated with the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis are located ____.??a.??on the outer membranes of the chloroplast?b.??in the stroma?c.??on the thylakoid membrane?d.??throughout the cytoplasm of plant cells?e.?in the thylakoid compartment?ANSWER:??cDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES:??6.5 Light-Dependent ReactionsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.7 - Outline the importance of light-dependent reactions in the process of photosynthesis.30.?What is formed during the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis??a.?H+ and H2O?b.?excited electrons and H+?c.?ATP and O2?d.?O2 and NADPH?e.?NADPH and ATPANSWER:??eDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: SynthesizeREFERENCES:??6.5 Light-Dependent ReactionsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.8 - Outline the cyclic and noncyclic pathways involved in energy transportation in photosynthetic organisms.31.?What is a required input for the light-independent reactions???a.??NADPH?b.??phosphoglyceric acid (PGA)?c.??phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL)?d.??glucose?e.?ribulose bisphosphate?ANSWER:??aDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: AnalyzeREFERENCES:??6.6 The Light-Independent ReactionsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.9 - Examine the stages in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.32.?The first stable compound produced from CO2 in the light-independent reaction is ____.??a.??phosphoglycerate (PGA)?b.??ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP)?c.??phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL)?d.??O2?e.?NADP+?ANSWER:??aDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: SynthesizeREFERENCES:??6.6 The Light-Independent ReactionsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.9 - Examine the stages in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.33.?Which chemical has five carbon atoms???a.??phosphoglycerate (PGA)?b.??ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP)?c.??phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL)?d.??glucose?e.?starch?ANSWER:??bDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES:??6.6 The Light-Independent ReactionsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.9 - Examine the stages in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.34.?The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis ____.??a.??fix carbon dioxide?b.??release oxygen?c.??cannot occur in light?d.??generate ATP?e.?use ADP?ANSWER:??aDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??6.6 The Light-Independent ReactionsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.9 - Examine the stages in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.35.?What is present in both the light-dependent and light-independent reactions???a.??ATP?b.?oxygen??c.??glucose?d.??rubisco?e.?water?ANSWER:??aDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: AnalyzeREFERENCES:??6.6 The Light-Independent ReactionsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.9 - Examine the stages in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.36.?Which of the following has the most energy???a.??phosphoglycerate (PGA)?b.??ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP)?c.??phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL)?d.??glucose?e.?rubisco?ANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES:??6.6 The Light-Independent ReactionsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.9 - Examine the stages in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.37.?With regard to photosynthesis, photorespiration ____.??a.??is more efficient in producing carbohydrates?b.??predominates in C3 plants in cool weather when water is plentiful?c.??predominates in C4 plants on hot days?d.??produces the same amount of PGA?e.?is less efficient in producing carbohydrates?ANSWER:??eDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES:??6.7 Adaptations: Alternative Carbon-Fixing PathwaysLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.10 - Examine the different methods used by photosynthetic organisms to fix carbon.38.?The C4 pathway ____.??a.??produces large amounts of carbohydrates?b.??is less efficient than the C3 pathway?c.??is the mechanism of photorespiration?d.??involves the activity of rubisco?e.?fixes carbon twice?ANSWER:??eDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: AnalyzeREFERENCES:??6.7 Adaptations: Alternative Carbon-Fixing PathwaysLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.10 - Examine the different methods used by photosynthetic organisms to fix carbon.39.?The CAM pathway ____.??a.??involves only the Calvin-Benson cycle?b.??involves only the C4 cycle?c.??is used by plants in humid regions?d.??is also known as photorespiration?e.?needs day and night for completion?ANSWER:??eDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??6.7 Adaptations: Alternative Carbon-Fixing PathwaysLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.10 - Examine the different methods used by photosynthetic organisms to fix carbon.MatchingChoose the one most appropriate description.?a.??incorporation of CO2 into an organic moleculeb.??uses ATP and NADPHc.??uses two PGALd.??produces ATP and NADPHe.??uses an electron transfer chain to produce ATP, but does not produce NADPH or O2DIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES:??6.6 The Light-Independent ReactionsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.9 - Examine the stages in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.40.??cyclic pathway of ATP formationANSWER:??e41.?noncyclic pathway of ATP formation?ANSWER:??d42.??carbon fixationANSWER:??a43.??the PGA to PGAL conversionANSWER:??b44.??the formation of glucoseANSWER:??cClassification. The processes listed below represent major chemical pathways in photosynthesis. Respond to the following statements with reference to these five processes.?a.??light-dependent reactionsb.??CAM pathwayc.??carbon fixationd.??Calvin-Benson cyclee.??C4 pathwayDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES:??6.7 Adaptations: Alternative Carbon-Fixing PathwaysLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.10 - Examine the different methods used by photosynthetic organisms to fix carbon.45.??This is a carbon-fixing system that separates two carbon fixations into night and day activities.ANSWER:??b46.??This carbon-fixing system uses CO2 from inside the plant, and precedes the Calvin-Benson cycle.ANSWER:??eClassification. The processes listed below represent major chemical pathways in photosynthesis. Respond to the following statements with reference to these five processes.?a.??light-dependent reactionsb.??CAM pathwayc.??carbon fixationd.??Calvin-Benson cyclee.??C4 pathwayDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES:??6.6 The Light-Independent ReactionsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.9 - Examine the stages in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.47.??In this process, carbon dioxide is incorporated first into an unstable intermediate compound and then into phosphoglycerate.ANSWER:??c48.??PGAL molecules are formed from the reaction of PGA molecules with ATP and NADPH in this pathway.ANSWER:??dClassification. The processes listed below represent major chemical pathways in photosynthesis. Respond to the following statements with reference to these five processes.?a.??light-dependent reactionsb.??CAM pathwayc.??carbon?fixationd.??Calvin-Benson cyclee.??C4 pathwayDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES:??6.5 Light-Dependent ReactionsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.7 - Outline the importance of light-dependent reactions in the process of photosynthesis.49.?This yields NADPH as well as ATP.ANSWER:??aClassification. The five reactions listed below occur during the noncyclic pathway of ATP formation. Use them to respond to the following statements.?a.??reduction of NADP+b.??phosphorylation of ADPc.??photolysis of waterd.??oxidation of chlorophylle.??reduction of chlorophyllDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES:??6.5 Light-Dependent ReactionsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.8 - Outline the cyclic and noncyclic pathways involved in energy transportation in photosynthetic organisms.50.??This process releases electrons to replace those lost from chlorophyll in noncyclic ATP formation.ANSWER:??c51.??When light energy is absorbed by a leaf, this will be the first result.ANSWER:??d52.??The final step that occurs during noncyclic ATP formation.ANSWER:??a53.??High-energy phosphate bonds are formed during this process.ANSWER:??b54.??This results when chlorophyll gains electrons from water molecules.ANSWER:??eMatch the pigment with its relationship to sunlight.?a.??chlorophyll bb.??chlorophyll ac.??phycoerythrobilind.??phycocyanobiline.??beta-caroteneDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES:??6.3 Exploring the RainbowLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.5 - Examine the role of pigments in photosynthesis.55.??is the primary pigment in photosynthetic plantsANSWER:??b56.??causes some fruits and vegetables to appear orange or yellowANSWER:??e57.??responsible for red bacteriaANSWER:??c58.??absorbs only blue lightANSWER:??a59.??causes some protists to appear blueANSWER:??dUse the figure below to match the pigments with their absorption spectra.??Figure 6.5Ca.??Peak Ab.??Peak Bc.??Peak Cd.??Peak De.??Peak EDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES:??6.3 Exploring the RainbowLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.5 - Examine the role of pigments in photosynthesis.60.??beta-caroteneANSWER:??b61.??phycocyanobilinANSWER:??d62.??chlorophyll aANSWER:??e63.??phycoerythrobilinANSWER:??c64.??chlorophyll bANSWER:??aCompletion65.?Any light-driven reaction that attaches phosphate to a molecule is called ____________________.?ANSWER:??photophosphorylation?DIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??6.5 Light-Dependent ReactionsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.8 - Outline the cyclic and noncyclic pathways involved in energy transportation in photosynthetic organisms.Subjective Short Answer66.?A trip to space finds a planet rich with green light. Scientists hope to introduce a photosynthetic organism to this planet. What sort of organism should they choose??ANSWER:??This would be difficult, but a plant rich in phycoerythrobilin might work as that pigment is able to absorb green light.?DIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES:??6.3 Exploring the RainbowLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.5 - Examine the role of pigments in photosynthesis.67.?The splitting of water produces three products. Name and discuss the role of each.?ANSWER:??First, an electron is liberated.? This electron is excited by photosystem II and passed through the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis.? Second, hydrogen ions are generated, and these contribute to the high density of hydrogen ions in the thylakoid compartment.? Last, oxygen is produced.? This is a waste product to the photosynthetic organism but is responsible for the oxygen-rich environment today.?DIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES:??6.5 Light-Dependent ReactionsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.7 - Outline the importance of light-dependent reactions in the process of photosynthesis.68.?Consider the Calvin-Benson cycle and the noncyclic photosynthetic pathway. Why is the cyclic pathway so important??ANSWER:??The Calvin-Benson cycle uses 18 ATP and 12 NADPH to produce one molecule of glucose. However, the noncyclic photosynthetic pathway produces ATP and NADPH at a one-to-one ratio. As a result there would be insufficient ATP. However, the cyclic pathway produces only ATP, thus allowing light-dependent reactions to continue when the noncyclic pathway stops.DIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: SynthesizeREFERENCES:??6.6 The Light-Independent ReactionsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.9 - Examine the stages in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.69.?Both C4 and CAM plants have modified carbon fixation. How do they each perform carbon fixation and what is the benefit of each of these types of carbon fixation??ANSWER:??C4 plants have spatially separated carbon fixation from photosynthesis, reducing the negative impact of photorespiration. CAM plants have temporally separated carbon fixation from photosynthesis, minimizing water loss that would result from opening their stomata during the day.?DIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??6.7 Adaptations: Alternative Carbon-Fixing PathwaysLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.6.10 - Examine the different methods used by photosynthetic organisms to fix carbon. ................
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