Linear Equations in Three Variables - University of Utah
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R2
is
the
space
of
2
dimensions.
There
is
an
-coordinate x
that
can
be
any
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:2:2..
II
LLiinneeaarr eeqquuaattiioonnss iinn tthhrreeee vvaarriiaabblleess
LIIfifnaae,,abb,r, cceaaqnndudarrtaairoreenrreseaalilnnnuumtmhbbreerersse((avannaddriiffaaab, ,lbbe, ,saannddccaarreennoottaall leeqquuaal lttoo00))
LLiintntheheeIenaafnrraa,xexe+,qq+uubbyaaaynt+td+iioocncnzzass=r=eiinrrnreaistitlshhcncraruaelemleleeebddevarvasaal(ilrrniainiaenaeadbabrrlilefeeeqssqu,u..aat,itoiaonndinin tahthrrereeeenovvatarariaillabbelelqesus. .al((TtTohhe0e)
abc r
ab c
II"ff"ttahtah,h,errnebbe,e,eacvcxvaaaar+nrniaiddabbbyrlreles+aas"r"reecazarrrreeee=aatltlhhrneneuuixmsmx,,bcbtetahehrlersleseydy(,(aa,aannanddnldidniifftethaaahe,r,ebzebz,.,q).au)anandtdioccnaairrnee ntnhoortet eaallvlaeerqqiuauaballletstoo. 00()T) he
tthheenn"TtaTahhxxrhee+e+enbnbvuyuyam+mr+ibabeeebzezrlrse= s=sa"ar,r,aibisbrs,e,ccaaatanhnlldlededdcxca,aaatrllhrieineneececyaaaal,rrlelaeeednqdqdututahathtehtieiooecnncozoei.ine)n tctwcwieiooennvtvstaasrroiiaoafbfbtllethehses.e.ee(q(TqTuJuJaiirart''tioi""onttlnli.iv.v'T'~~Thhee
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Examples. 3 + 4 7 = 2, 2 +
= 6, 17 = 4, 4 = 0, and
xyz
xyz
xz
y
EExxEaaExmxmx+apapmlymleep+sspl..lezes33s=..xx3+23+xx44a+ry+ye-- 4--4ayyl7l7lzzi7n=7=zez22a=,r=, e2-- -- 2q,,u22a2txx2ix+ox+n+yy+s-- -- yiynzzt=hz=zr-- -- =e=e66v,a6,x6xr,-- ,i-- xaxb1l1e7s711.7zz7z==z=44=,,4444,y,y4=4=yy00=,=,aa0n0n,,dadanndd
xx ++xxSyy++o++ylyuzz++t==izzo2=2n=aas2r2reeataraoarelellaelalilinlqnleeluilaaninarreeateeariqqroueuenqaaquttsiuioaoantntissoionininsnsittnihhnrrteetheherrevveeaearvriviaaaabrbrillaeieabssb.l.eless..
SSooSSllouuoAlttluiiuootntniiossonntstosotttooeeoaqqelueuiqnqaaeuutatiairoaotentniqiosusonantsison in three variables + + = is a specific
btpobtpohhyfoyfoeAeAitsbptitnhanpbpthapbpethayoa,hsteh,yqstAeooyeooeniAnoeeonauiicitiisitnpnnashlannanphil,tauwsauwafis,tteosn,tteotottnoJntoeicJiteisihtRiisilioinRilosorlnhwnsyuhnr3usypue3wntwnn-mette-teetomcesiRmcyRiesieiroqtiyisiououqytosrou-ornnu3ounu3-cncuole-ncottmclaechloemqasharsttiatroqlotdquioopliuhudsiusnooplutuopulfitcrilcarihinnlhrnildnlrahrlteahaRlretidaaaiie.daasileee.ipledpsnilt3sttaidtttdaneilrnlhelvai(hnrii(rsbwerra.TweaanTtbuaeb.ye.odteehotrhdeyhahtc(yeqfeiaqe(feTh(reaecowbwuTtrTbncuorco,tbnfrehheyaht,hfey,ahhfqlhaeehtewteeewtateeihautqcenraiaocsnahohnnr,enrheaup,r.dtpnreen)eeededetaaowaawopwnitnaipntaipoirnnaitohnhnathihnrderonhodotlhieetetlweeehtntiwhnietnehnannnitnhettainaenhnaaislhrtstrwyitleotitlyeonwxtshwtsixhhtimsesamsseh-hshe-aeoemaycetrciovumyiomsnvuyoshenxxoxasutelssatseflohtrue-fouhtrei-iliriecinnirrptictlvniirrplanedetaotinhtoetdfiialpibilhtiiefibhotfiiropeieernnpevlelnrelrneririnledailalenddealeeiydtnsiiyiseetrdbeteueitteuidinbepednaleblmmaampmyelpbyarlaybxyobysxrboboayrtbat+lmofyoeb+yedfnaeebmeanm,dbbtd,rsuyxbtaorbxhy,bsohuasuyaac,nf+ya,eatfecsntc+nnsyttha+ntxtasotybthdhyobpchrdsepchrsylesyeeleau+zeosuzoeo+saztarttohipzoltahziir-nepariup= onlbcec= -loecdo-eudtouycztnotoczaidntdiiontariosoizadonreis=+izsnieosdtoor-dondtdi-tdiscrtdndrscmtnidsoemdrcoosidrisioetadssezntsaiootuidimooundantsoasamgtrlmstgroal=tdoaptutatedopilteatueilipitoeulipotgnienaetanstnehlgcllhrgeoeclltapiiteaeiiieoepltieoefieflainteifpaitrtihfpiedtlnifcrednt,creschil,rheltheeiitaeirfiheedahaeearr,drcedre,r,
eeqquueeaqaqtutiuioaoantntioiioinnnntithnihnrretetheehrrevveeaaerrviivaaaabrbrilleaieasbsb.l.)e)less.).)
1
11 251592
ExamEplxeEa.mxETaxphmaleemp.plpeoT.ilhneTet. hxpTeoh=ipneot1pi,nxoyti=nx=t1=x2,, =y1a,=n1yd,2=yz, =a2=n, 2da--,n1zadni=szda=zs1=oils1utaii1sosnaioslstuaootlisutoohtnleiuootneifoqtnuhoaetttoiheoeqtnhueeaqtueiqoanutiaotnion
--Zx
+
5y
+
z
=
7
since
--2(1)
+
5(2)
2+ x
(2+--x215+x)y
= +5y5--z+y2=+z+7=z1=07
7--
1
=
7.
--T2xhe+spi5noysciine+nstcinezxce= =
--12 $ 7.
3, y = 7 since
--2, and z = 4 is a not a solution to the equation --2(21(2)3()+12)(+51+()52+5()--(+252)()(2+)++1( )(4(=1) )1==)2=--+26 1+-- 20 +110010+=147=1==7 --712, and
ThTe hpTeohipenotpinxotin=xt 3x=, =3y, =3y, =y 2=, 2a,n2da,nzadn=zd =4z i=4s ai4s niasotnaoant osaot lsuaotlisuootnliuootnifotnohtetoheetqhueeaqtueiqoanutiaotnion
Linear2xe2+qx2u5+xya+5+tyio5z+yn=+zs7=zas=7innsdc7ienscpinelcaenes.
The set of solutions in2(R32)2(+32t)(o53+()a+52(li5)n(e+2a)(2r+4))e+(q=4u)(a4=)ti6o=n61in60 1+tw014o+0=v+4a=r4ia1=b211r'2~12
1 1
-
dimTheensasinoednat anoaldfnlidsnoel.utions dimensional plane.
in
F
to
a
linear
e1q2u16=a2t1i7o=2n6=7in7 three
variables
is
a
2-
A soLluitLnioeiLnnaiternoaeearaqlreiunqeaeuaqtraiuoetanqiotusianotaisonnnsadinnadpnthldarpenlepaelvnsaaernisaebsles -- ax + by + cz = r -- is
wa((21ep--ddosiiemmineddeet tnniihmmiTTnssddaiihheeiiootmmTTRnnddeenn3ssiithhsseemmTThssiinneeooeetwhheewnntsshtrssnniieeeaaoaoooeeoossllrnntttrsfsiiftatoolpeehaahilorsonnttisnll)ee)oaffoaaeplsolnolill.sumsutlnffeohaootplte.oilenisnlisln.uoruooanoeeentlntnt.li.uhiusoseotstethn.nioiiieonsonslpunrnelitRsaisnRinon3ia2nienRnrRsoeo3cf2RfRtotota3otr2oaroetaltiaaolsnoailnpiellanieoialanneianrnleearildeanaierinaerrnqereqeaugeaeuqraeqrqanttquoenitaueqoaiatqoaunatitounitiaxooniaitonn+iitnoiinointibnnnhityntwrihtnei+tohrwnteewrtocevehvtozaewarvvrerv= oviaaeiaarrbriivbrrvaai.lailaabbeaerrbsllbsieeSialalessoiebibssslleeaaiisss
1ias2ias-
1a2a-
12-
ax + C I `C
SoSluoStlouioltuniotsinoosnfstsoytostysesymtsetsmeomsf solifonlfeinalirenaeeraqreuqaeutqiauotnaiotsinosns
SolutioAnsAsinsAttiosnhietnshpyterhespevtrieepovmrueisovsuciohsuoacsphftcaelhpirnat, epewrt,eearwrc, eawneceaqhncuaavhnaeathvaioeasvnayesssta.yesmtyesomtfemloifnoelifanrleianeqreaueraqtueiqoauntiaso,tniaosn,ndsa,nadnd
As inwethwceeawnpceratecnrvayitnortuyotsrtfiyocnthdfioanspfidotnelusdro,tlisuowonteliusotcntiaohsnnattshhaathvtreeaatcraeoamsrceyomsmctooemnmomtnoooftenloaincteehoaaceorhafcetohqhfueotafhetieqtohuneeaqst,ueiqoaauntniasodtniinosntinsheitnhethe
ask forsyasstcyeosmmtye.smmteo.mn.solution to each equation in the system.
If thereWiesWcaWeaslcleoalaucllatsilaoolnlusaottloisuoontlaiuottsnioyosntatoetmsaoysosatyfesmetyqesumotaef mtioeoqfnouesfaq,tuewiqoaeuntiascotanuiolsnlnitusqhnuauieqtnuisieqfoutlieuhfteitiorfhenetrhauereneriaeqrnueaoerneootnhooetrhoetrher
if theresoalusreotlsiuononotluiso.otnitoshn.esr. solutions.
9
256 193 2
EEExxxaaammmpppllelee... TTThhheeepppoooiniinntttxx===333,,,yy===000,,,aaannndddzz===111isiissaaassosoolulluuttitoiioonnnttooofttthhheeeffofoolllolloowwwiniinnggg sssyyysssttteeemmmooofffttthhhrrreeeeeelillniinneeeaaarrreeeqxqquuuaaatttioiioonnnysssiniinnttthhhrrreeeeeevvvzaaarrriaiiaabbblelleesss
333xxx+++222yyy 555zzz=== 111444
222xx 333yy+++444zz===111000 x yz
xxx+++
yy y
+++
zzz===444
TTThhhaaattt's''ssbbbeeecccaaauuussseeewwweeecccaaannnsssuuubbbssstttitiittuuuttteee333,,,000,,,aaannnddd111ffofoorrrxx,,,yy,,,aaannndddzz rrreeessspppeeeccctttiviivveeelyllyyiniinn
ttthhheeeeeeqqquuuaaatttioiioonnnsssaaabbbooovvveeeaaannndddccchhheeeccckkkttthhhaaattt
xy z
333(((333)))+++222(((000))) 555(((111)))=== 999 555=== 111444
222(((333))) 333(((000)))+++444(((111)))===666+++444===111000
(((333)))+++ (((000)))+++ (((111)))===333+++111===444
GGGeeeooommmeeetttrrryyyooofffsssooollluuutttiiiooonnnsss
SSSuuuppppppooossseeeyyyooouuuhhhaaavvveeeaaasssyyysssttteeemmmooofffttthhhrrreeeeelillniinneeeaaarrreeeqqquuuaaatttioiioonnnsssiniinnttthhhrrreeeee vvvaaarrriaiiaabbblelleesss... EEEaaaccchhhooofffttthhheeettthhhrrreeeeeeeeqqquuuaaatttioiioonnnssshhhaaasssaaassseeetttooofffsssooolulluutttioiioonnnsssttthhhaaattt's''ssaaappplallaannneeeiniinnRRR333... AAA sssooolulluutttioiioonnnttoofttthhheeesssyyysssttteeemmmooofffeeeqqquuuaaatttioiioonnnsssisiissaaapppoooiniinntttttthhhaaatttlilleiieesssooonnnaaallllttthhhrrreeeeeooofffttthhhooossseee ppplallaannneeesss... IIfIffttthhheeerrreeeisiissooonnnlyllyyooonnneeepppoooiniinntttttthhhaaatttlilleiieesssooonnnaaallllttthhhrrreeeeeppplallaannneeesss,,, ttthhheeennnttthhhaaattt sssooolulluutttioiioonnnisiissuuunnniqiiqquuueee...
IIfIffyyyooouuurrraaannndddooommmlyllyywwwrrritiitteeedddooowwwnnnttthhhrrreeeeedddiiieeerrreeennntttlillniinneeeaaarrreeeqqquuuaaatttioiioonnnsssiniinnttthhhrrreeeeevvvaaarrri-ii-aaabbblelleesss,,,ttthhheeeoooddddddsssaaarrreeettthhhaaatttttthhheeettthhhrrreeeeecccooorrrrreeessspppooonnndddiniinngggppplallaannneeessswwwiliillliniinnttteeerrrssseeeccctttiniinnooonnneee,,, aaannndddooonnnlyllyyooonnneee,,,pppoooiniinnttt...TTThhhaaatttmmmeeeaaannnsssttthhhaaatttffofoorrrmmmooossstttsssyyysssttteeemmmsssooofffttthhhrrreeeeelillniinneeeaaarrreeeqqquuuaaa--tttioiioonnnsssiniinnttthhhrrreeeeevvvaaarrriaiiaabbblelleesss,,,ttthhheeerrreeewwwiliilllbbbeeeaaauuunnniqiiqquuueeesssooolulluutttioiioonnn...
1923457
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1954 258 1954
tmuhtmuntmuuShanhinuSlqonauSiatilqmounilqontptmuoeimuieplnoepoeeteslenelinoetsemtsesiloeiompuomsleslpulotopuoseueiltio,lsotoutnsiuii,noii,ttntootnhni.tntitnotohte.h.nsontete.stoso.hb.tthBrbehbeBreBreeeeoeceeeenoaocpcnuanpalpaausulllnaeasaalslneelneltltseehhttsttswhehrhhrewewreireelrereil'ieelesell'pl'issnplmipiatnnlmlmenaotatrenereonosresrereerssesecseeattchctatattthatihtnonaiainnononnanconaeacnocow.eenenw.wa.eeyIsaanoyIsyIsntlonouhttltlhutuhathtihitthtaoasiiitniotosascn,nlaaalc,c,lotlsalalhweototsshe,whweesre,e,stesrfrh'otetesffheh'ro'osrseernremrronneemmtaooorrtaotaoaeerrrraeeaee
A
yoposorfoyoposoyoposVlourfooiourfotonVnluVrlhiiuuttinoutnstnsnrhiirrthuisoesottsoestsirpulsiraenouseeefotepollapn,leahnfietftilotlzo,lhninai,hhtiilenztilzninttaohaninahenesenttdotattoaaeassedsitcdroatraesaasoiceilroicreroeereutnoeolirelqehieuttnetceutnerqiuhaerotqthcntoteceriuiaaenoiuaentononnoritantriatntnnetninaathtatottdetireiaaithaaaenonhdaordrirrtieinsatneeanrnnerrinsdraeliasaenaielnendngila,ndlisliliengila,ngioa,nsltmsieelierolnholntmxtltemereahrrhihxatxtnneleareahirrclahiaenntfielenneltrclrscletfietneletfietvtyshsetnioletnalvptvyhryhfioraioeoeapltprtirfalrftneeoraeeloyelihnalitnaeelbtaneyayhrnpehnmeblebepserpelrpemlmea,lesapsoeeplselnea,enas,aoiospaownnenynroinpoilwptsnweinaeyryrll.tlstsntsialiachol.tl.stnselonclahaclohTosuneoeloataalaTlwTshtunstuniltltanwitwhtaathttioihianityanittaannaaoRoheihisytytnensrnnRemRe3s.deseshresrmm33.dee.adehahaianeavneaaraaainiaandeevnnvnrrnsandeedeeeitslasanltireiteilttlhynfinltirlttirhtthayfinhhyfithetthtaniahrnhorettetettirireoraorteatceeleeaayoeaecaclpslunyoyoylpsmpnusuvnansyylmlinmnivntvaaaqsnseiiientinntauqaqcnmneseeyneeenuuc,cmmssyyeeee,, *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***
1926559
Exercises
1.) What are the coe cients of the equation 3 2 + 5 = 13 xyz
2.) What is the constant of the equation 3 2 + 5 = 13 xyz
3.) Is x = 4, y = 3, and z = 1 a solution of the equation 3 2 + 5 = 13 xyz
4.) Is x = 2, y = 0, and z = 4 a solution of the equation + 7 8 = 10
xyz
5.) Is = 5, = 7, and = 2 a solution of the equation
xy
z
3y 5z = 31
Questions #6-10 refer to the following system of three linear equations in three variables.
3 4 +2 = 9 x yz 4 + 4 +10 = 32 xyz
+2 7 = 7 xyz
6.) Is x = 1, y = 4, and z = 2 a solution of the system?
7.) Is = 1, = 1, and = 1 a solution of the system?
x
y
z
8.) Is x = 25, y = 23, and z = 4 a solution of the system?
9.) Does the system have a unique solution?
10.) Does the system have infinitely many solutions?
260
For #11-13, solve the logarithmic equations for . x
11.) log (2 3) = 4 ex
12.) log (5 + 1) = 3 x
2
13.) log ( 2 + ) log ( ) = log (2)
xx
x
e
e
e
261
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