Biology Tests and Procedures | Biology Junction
| |Volume of an Irregular-shaped Object |[pic] |
| | Introduction |
| |The word mass is used to tell how much matter there is in something. Matter is anything you can touch physically. An electronic scale or triple beam |
| |balance can be used to tell the mass of an object. Volume is a measure of how much space an object occupies. When measuring the volume of a liquid, a |
| |graduated cylinder can be used. Measurement is the collection of quantitative data (numbers). Measurements are not only numbers. They must always |
| |contain a unit of measurement. In the Metric System, the gram (g) is the basic unit of measurement for mass. The basic unit of measurement for the |
| |volume of liquids is the milliliter (ml). The density of an object can be determined by dividing the mass by the volume (D = M/V). From a density |
| |calculation, we may tell whether a substance will float or sink in another liquid. A less dense substance will float on one that is denser. An example |
| |is oil floating on water. Oil is less dense than the water. |
| |For solids that have an irregular shape, the displacement method must be used to determine their volume. When using the displacement method, you must |
| |first measure the starting volume of the liquid. Then add the object and record the change in volume. This gives the volume of the irregularly-shaped |
| |object. |
| |Hypothesis |
| |The density of objects can be determined by a method known as water displacement. |
| |Materials |
| |Triple beam or electronic balance |
| |100 ml graduated cylinder |
| |3 irregularly shaped objects |
| |calculator |
| |pencil |
| |Procedure |
| |Obtain 3 irregularly shaped objects that will sink in water. |
| |Estimate the mass & volume of each object. Record this on table 1. |
| |Use a triple beam balance or electronic scale to determine the mass in grams of each object. Record this on table 1. |
| |Fill a graduated cylinder halfway with tapwater. |
| |Measure & record the volume of the water in the graduated cylinder. READ THE MENISCUS! |
| |Place one of the objects into the graduated cylinder, and measure and record the new volume. |
| |Subtract the initial volume from the final volume. The difference is the volume of the object. |
| |Record the difference in data table 1. |
| |Repeat steps 4 - 8 for the other three objects. |
| |To determine the density of each object, divide the actual mass of each object by its volume (determined by water displacement). |
| |Record the densities in data table 1. |
| |Results & Data |
| | Data Table 1 |
| |Object |
| |Estimated Mass |
| |(g) |
| |Estimated Volume |
| |(ml) |
| |Actual Mass |
| |(g) |
| |Volume of H2O in graduated cylinder |
| |(ml) |
| |Volume of H2O and object in graduated cylinder |
| |(ml) |
| |Object's Volume |
| |(Subtract Column 5 from Column 6) |
| |(ml) |
| |Density |
| |D=m/V |
| |(Divide Column 4 by Column 7) |
| |(g/ml) |
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| |How did you determine the object's: |
| | A. mass? |
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| | B. Volume? |
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| | C. density? |
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| |Objects will sink if they are denser than water. Explain why ships made of steel float instead of sinking since steel is denser than water. |
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