UNIT 4: IMPERIAL CHINA



UNIT 4: IMPERIAL CHINA

Chapter 17:

China Develops a New Economy

CH 17 PREVIEW p. 109

A characteristic is something special about a person, object, place, or event. For example, if you were giving the characteristics of a doctor’s examination room, you might say, “It has bandages, medicine, and an examining table.” You would not say, “It has windows,” because that is not unique to a doctor’s examining room.

In this lesson, just as you determined the characteristics of a classroom, you will discover the characteristics of Chinese agriculture, commerce and cities from the 10th to the 13th centuries.

OUTLINE OF CHAPTER 17

1 17.2 Changes in Agriculture pages 188-189

1 Reasons for Agricultural Change

2 Characteristics of the New Agriculture

3 Results of Agricultural Changes

2 17.3 Growth of Trade + Commerce pp 190-191

1 Reasons for Growth in Trade and Commerce

2 Characteristics of China’s Commercial Growth

3 Results of Growth in Trade and Commerce

3 17.4 Urbanization 192-193

1 Reasons for Urbanization

2 Characteristics of Cities

3 Results of Urbanization

17.2 Changes in Agriculture

1 On each spoke in the diagram, list a characteristic of agriculture in southern China from the 10th to the 13th centuries. Illustrate four of the characteristics.

1 Crops were grown on terraced hillsides.

2 Water buffaloes pulled plows+ harrows

3 Rice plants began to be grown in seedbeds.

4 Rice was transplanted to paddies.

5 Chain pumps were used for irrigation.

6 Rice growing took a lot of work done by many people.

2 Other possible answers:

1 Cotton, sugar, tea, + mulberry trees (silkworm food) grown

2 New rice - fast-growing, drought-resistant

3 Improved plows and harrows were used.

3 List 4 reasons agriculture changed in China during this time period.

Agriculture changed in China from the 10th to 13th cents because

1 Farmers moved to the south, a good region for growing rice,

2 A new type of rice was introduced,

3 An improved plow & harrow were developed,

4 Farmers fertilized their crops.

17.3 The Growth of Trade and Commerce

1 On each spoke in the diagram, list a characteristic of commerce in China from the 10th to the 13th centuries. Illustrate 4 of the characteristics.

1 Goods transported along canals on barges.

2 Oxcarts + pack animals moved products along roads.

3 Peasants sold surplus crops, animals, and goods they made at home.

4 Small shops lined streets and bridges.

5 People used paper money and traded in copper coins at deposit shops.

6 Junks used for trade w/foreign countries

2 Other possible answer:

1 Indigo, spices, silver, ivory, and coral were imported.

3 List 4 reasons commerce developed in China during this time period.

1 Commerce developed in China from the 10th through the 13th centuries because

There was a vast system of rivers and canals,

Improvements in navigation made long sea voyages easier,

Wealthy landowners demanded more goods

Paper currency helped trade.

17.4 Urbanization

1 On each spoke in the diagram, list a characteristic of urbanization in China from 10th to the 13th centuries. Illustrate 4 of the characteristics.

1 Chinese cities were largest in the world

2 Cities were crowded and exciting.

3 Many types of people lived in the cities.

4 Signs identified the many goods being sold

5 There were theaters + outdoor entertainers.

6 Urban women had less status than rural women did.

2 Other possible answers:

1 Restaurants, wine, + teahouses provided food and drink.

2 Vendors sold food from trays on their heads.

3 Silk, silver, fans, and other items were for sale.

3 List two reasons for urbanization in China during this time period.

Cities dev. from 10th to 13th cents in China because

1 People came to the city to trade as commerce increased and

2 Large landowners moved to cities because they preferred the shops and social life there.

EXCERPT FROM TRAVELS OF MARCO POLO

An Italian traveler named Marco Polo first saw China toward the end of the Song dynasty. He marveled at China’s crowded cities and bustling markets. Polo was especially impressed by the boat traffic on the Grand Canal. This great waterway linked northern China with the Chang Jiang (Yangtze) river valley in the south. Farmers and merchants used the canal to ship their crops and goods. Polo wrote, “It is indeed surprising to observe the multitude and the size of the vessels that are continually passing and repassing, laden {loaded] with merchandise of the greatest value.”

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