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Unit 5 – STUDY GUIDEhuman population & its impactName: ___________________________Period: ______Chapter 7Chapter 7The Human PopulationCHAPTER LEARNING OBJECTIVESAfter reading this chapter, you should be able to…Module 22: Human Population Numbersexplain factors that may potentially limit the carrying capacity of humans on Earth.describe the drivers of human population growth.read and interpret an age structure diagram.Module 23: Economic Development, Consumption, and Sustainabilitydescribe how demographic transition follows economic development.explain how relationships among population size, economic development, and resource consumption influence the environment.describe why sustainable development is a common but elusive goal.Key Termsdemography (p. 229)demographers (p. 229)immigration (p. 229)emigration (p. 229)crude birth rate [CBR] (p. 229)crude death rate [CDR] (p. 229)doubling time (p. 229)total fertility rate [TFR] (p. 230)replacement-level fertility (p. 230)developed countries (p. 230)developing countries (p. 230)life expectancy (p. 230)infant mortality (p. 231)child mortality (p. 231)net migration rate (p. 233)age structure diagram (p. 234)population pyramid (p. 234)population momentum (p. 234)theory of demographic transition (p. 237)affluence (p. 238)family planning (p. 239)IPAT equation (p. 242)gross domestic product [GDP] (p. 242)urban area (p. 244)Chapter 7 – Guiding Questions1.What was Thomas Malthus’ prediction about the carrying capacity of the Earth, and why was he wrong?2.What do you think the major constraining limits on human population growth are? (In other words, what will be the critical limiting resources that determine Earth’s carrying capacity for humans?) Not necessarily in the textbook. THINK!3.How could technology help humans overcome limiting factors? Give a few examples from the past.4.Write an equation to mathematically describe the relationship between birth rate, death rate, emigration rate, and immigration rate and the rate of population change.5.Fill in the table below comparing some demographic indicators in a developed versus a developing country.IndicatorDescriptionDeveloped countryDeveloping countryTotal Fertility Rate(TFR)Replacement Level Fertility(RLF)Life expectancy(LE)Infant Mortality Rate(IMR)Child Mortality Rate(CMR)6.TFR and RLF can help us understand how a population will change:If TFR > RLF, then the population is likely __________________________If TFR = RLF, then the population is likely __________________________If TFR < RLF, then the population is likely __________________________7.List factors that affect birth and fertility rates.Not in this section of your textbook (p.239). Will also be in the PowerPoint notes.8.What factors influence infant mortality rate and life expectancy?9.List factors that affect death rate.Not in your textbook. Will be in the PowerPoint notes.10.Why is migration important in environmental science?11.Explain how age structure diagrams can be used to predict future population growth (or lack of it).12.Label the following population pyramids/age structure diagrams as likely to grow rapidly, grow slowly, stay the same or shrink in the future19685008255005003800825500342900082550043815082550013.What is population momentum? Why can it be a harmful phenomenon to some countries?14.Describe the stages in the Theory of Demographic Transition model:Stage 1“Pre-Industrial”Stage 2“Transitional”Stage 3“Industrial”Stage 4“Post-Industrial”What happens?Why?Population change?15.Summarize the effect that family planning and empowering women have on population growth rates.Family planning:Empowering women:16.List some problems that can occur if a country’s population declines too rapidly.Not in your textbook. Will be in the PowerPoint notes.17.What purpose is there for calculating the per-capita ecological footprint for a country?18.What does “IPAT” stand for? Why is it sometimes used?19.How can technology (the “T” in “IPAT”) be a force for both environmental good and bad?Good:Bad:20.Give a few examples of how rising GDP leads to greater environmental impacts.21.List some factors that push and pull people into cities.Not in your textbook. Will be in the PowerPoint notes.Pull:Push:22.Explain some advantages of urbanization.Not in your textbook. Will be in the PowerPoint notes.23.Explain some disadvantages of urbanization.Not in your textbook. Will be in the PowerPoint notes. ................
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