NAME ELEMENTS



INDONESIA

Language: Indonesian

Bahasa Indonesia

The Indonesian language is written in the roman script. More than 300 ethnic or sub-ethnic groups live in Indonesia, each speaks its own language or dialect and has its own method of giving names to its members. Christian, Islamic, and Hindu cultures have their significant influences on Indonesian names. Aside from forenames or given names, there is a family or clan name element in the names of the members of some ethnic groups such as Batak and Manadonese and of the ethnic groups living in East Nusa Tenggara, Molucca and Papua. Also there is a tendency among the members of the nobility, ruling power and middle class to use father’s name as the second and third part of a name, which later on becomes a family name. Names consisting of one word are very common, as well as those containing two or more elements. The modernization of the spelling of Indonesian in 1972 has brought about variation in the spelling of Indonesian personal names. For example, an author may present his/her name in old spelling (e.g. Soedjatmoko) or in modern spelling (e.g. Sujatmoko).

NAME ELEMENTS

Elements normally forming part of a name

| | | |

|Element |Type |Examples |

| | | |

|1. Given name |simple, consisting of one word |Abdurahman |

| | |Agustinus |

| | |Djoko |

| | |Edward |

| | |Fatmawati |

| | |Hernandono |

| | |Sukarno |

| | |Syafi’ie |

| | |Yulinar |

| |two or more |Achmad Subardjo |

| | |Arif Rahman |

| | |Arif Rahman Hakim |

| | |Budi Puspo Priyadi |

| | |Djoko Santoso |

| | |Endang Gunarti |

| | |Franciscus Xaverius Wiranto |

| | |Sapardi Djoko Damono |

| | |Sri Rejeki |

| |terms denoting birth order ―Balinese |Wayan (meaning “first”; for boys) |

| | |Putu (meaning “first”; for girls) |

| | |Made (meaning “second”; for boys) |

| | |Nengah (meaning “second”; for girls) |

| | |Nyoman (meaning “third”; for boys) |

| | |Komang (meaning “third”; for girls) |

| | |Ketut (meaning “fourth”; for boys) |

| | |Luh (meaning “fourth”; for girls) |

| | | |

| | |Eko; Eka (meaning “first”; usually for boys) |

| | |Dwi (meaning “second”; for boys and girls) |

| | |Tri (meaning “third”; for boys and girls) |

| | |Catur (meaning “fourth”; for boys and girls) |

| | |Panca; Ponco (meaning “fifth”; for boys and |

| | |girls) |

| | | |

| |terms denoting birth order―Javanese | |

| |compound |Abshar-Abdalla |

| | |Herry-Priyono |

| | |Sulistyo-Basuki |

| |initials or abbreviations preceding or |Moch. (in Moch. Tolchah) |

| |following or in the middle of names |Mz. (in Zaenuddin Mz.) |

| | |T. (in Marga T.) |

| | |W.M. (in Abdul Hadi W.M.) |

| | |W.S. (in W.S. Rendra) |

|2. Adult name |simple |Kartawinata |

| | |Mangunwijaya |

| | |Notodipuro |

| | |Purbodiningrat |

| | |Surjomihardjo |

|3. Father’s name | |Alisjahbana |

| | |Anwar |

| | |Djojohadikusumo |

| | |Habibie |

| | |Hatta |

| | |Notowidagdo |

| | |Sastroamidjojo |

| | |Shihab |

| | |Wahid |

| | |bin (son of) Nuh |

| | |binti (daughter of) Harun |

|4. Clan name |simple |Abineno |

| | |Alvares |

| | |Da Costa |

| | |Dimara |

| | |Hehanusa |

| | |Kassiepo |

| | |Lawalatta |

| | |Lubis |

| | |Nasution |

| | |Pangemanan |

| | |Parera |

| | |Ribeiro |

| | |Seda |

| | |Soares |

| | |Tilaar |

| |compound |Donggo-Hutagalung |

| | |Kalangie-Pandey |

| | |Magnis Suseno |

| | |Tjan Silalahi |

|5. Family name |simple |Anwar |

| |Note: Family names are actually parent’s or |Hatta |

| |father’s names that are passed on to |Djiwandono |

| |descendants or adopted by a person after he/she|Djojohadikusumo |

| |marries. |Pusponegoro |

| | |Tedjasukmana |

| |compound |Cesar de Silva |

| | |Dias Veira |

| | |Kleden-Probonegoro |

| | |Kodijat-Marzuki |

| | |Kuntjoro-Jakti |

| | |Pinajungan-Mahdi |

| | |Purbo-Hadiwidjojo |

| | |Sahetapy-Engel |

|6. Phrase name |a name made up of one or more words and cannot |Mang Usil |

| |be considered a pseudonym; mostly used by radio|Nyonya Rumah |

| |presenters and newspaper columnists |Pak Besut |

|7. Traditional title name [See Appendix 1] |preceding or following or in the middle of a |Aman Datuk Madjoindo |

| |name |Daeng Sudirwo |

| | |Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Puger |

| | |Raden Ajeng Kartini |

| | |Rustam Sutan Palindih |

| | |Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana |

| | |

|Note: |Harjati Siagian |

|A married woman may take her husband’s name, whether family or clan name: |Lily K. Somadikarta |

| |Rosalitia T. Matondang |

|or her husband’s whole name preceded by the prefix Ibu (Mrs.), Ny. for Nyonya (Mrs.): |Ibu Tien Suharto |

| |Ny. Arudji Kartawinata |

|or retain her personal name followed by her husband’s family name or clan name and her maiden |Marwah Daud Ibrahim |

|name, usually linked by a hyphen: |Nani Suwondo-Surasno |

| |Ninuk Kleden-Probonegoro |

| |Reny Siwabessy-Putiray |

| |Rusinah Sjahrial-Pamuncak |

|or take her husband’s name (whole or part): |Martha Tilaar |

| |Merian Boediardjo |

| |Nelly Adam Malik |

| |Tien Soeharto |

|or take her father’s name (whole or part): |Evavani Chairil Anwar |

| |Mastini Hardjoprakoso |

| |Rosita Pamuntjak |

| | |

|Name elements can be combined in various ways: | |

| | |

|1. Personal name(s) – single |Agustinus |

| |Alfian |

| |Marjohan |

| |Sulastri |

| |Syafi’ie |

|2. Personal name(s) – two or more |Ali Amran |

| |Franciscus Xaverius Wiranto |

|3 Personal name(s) + terms of birth order |Catur Suharyanto |

| |Dwi Ratna |

| |Eko Prasetyo |

| |Ketut Tantri |

| |Putu Laxman Pendit |

| |Ragil Kuning |

|4. Personal name(s) – terms of kinship (teknonym) |Men Jaya |

| |Opani Meling |

| |Siama Ani |

|5. Personal name(s) + father’s name |Anwar Jusuf |

| |Evavani Chairil Anwar |

| |Susetyo Poerwadarminta |

| |Wasito Wojowasito |

|6. Personal name(s) + traditional clan and family name |Abdurrachman Surjomihardjo |

| |Amir Taat Nasution |

| |Djuned Poesponegoro |

| |Gerrit Siwabessy |

| |Marius Ramis Dajoh |

| |Mochtar Kusumaatmadja |

| |Mochtar Lubis |

| |Sumitro Djojohadikusumo |

|7. Personal name(s) + husband’s name |Hurustiati Subandrio |

| |Lily K. Somadikarta |

| |Nelly Adam Malik |

| |Saparinah Sadli |

Additional elements to names

| | | |

|Element |Use |Examples |

| | | |

|1. Honorific titles Raden, Marah, Mas, etc. |usually before a name to indicate royalty, |Marah Rusli |

|[See Appendix 1] |hereditary, nobility, office, promotion among |Mas Abdullah |

| |royal courts, etc. |Raden Ajeng Kartini |

| | |Raden Mas Ngabei Purbatjaraka |

|2. Religious titles Haji, etc. [See Appendix 2]|usually before a name |Haji Ruslan Abdulgani |

| | |Kiai Haji Mohammad Ilyas |

|3. Terms of address Tuan (Mr.), Nyonya or Ny. |usually before a name |Ny. Supardjo Rustam |

|(Mrs.), Bapak (Mr.), Ibu (Mrs.) | |Nyonya Adam Malik |

ORDER OF ELEMENTS IN CATALOGUE HEADINGS

The selection of entry elements for Indonesian personal names has undergone a considerable change with the issuance of the Decree Number 20 of the Year 2005 of the Director of the National Library of Indonesia on the Entry Word and Spelling of Indonesian Authors’ Names as Heading. Such decree annulled the rules for Indonesian names that were proposed by the founding fathers of the Indonesian library more than 50 years ago, were submitted to The International Conference on Cataloguing Principles in Paris in 1961 and became a national standard in 1975. The rules have been widely observed in Indonesian libraries and taught in Indonesian library schools. Among Indonesian ethnic groups, only Batak, Moluccans, Manadonese, and Papuans and the members of the small ethnic groups living in East Nusa Tenggara, Bolaang Mongondow, and Sangir Talaud have family or clan name elements in their names. The names of Javanese, the Indonesia’s largest ethnic group, and of the members of the other ethnic groups maybe consist of one word, e.g. Sukarno, or two or more words, e.g. Goenawan Muhamad and Alexander Muhammad Fajar, which still are forenames (given names). However there is a tendency among the members of the ruling power and middle class and successful persons to use their father’s name as part of personal names, which later on becomes a family name.

According to the decree, Indonesian names fall into two categories: those that contain an element that is considered a family or clan name, and those that do not contain any element that is considered a family or clan name.

Cataloguers should exercise caution with regard to family names. Family names are used only by few of Indonesia’s ethnic groups. It is not easy to ascertain whether the last element of a name is a family name or a given name since adult names are usually father’s names. A small number of the members of the ethnic groups that traditionally do not use family names in their names retain family names in their children’s names for social reasons. The members of these ethnic groups sometimes add their father’s names to their names after they marry or when they hold certain jobs (e.g. Dwidjosarojo, in which “Dwidjo” is a prefix commonly used by teachers). Authority lists of Indonesian author’s names published after 2005, the year the decree was put into force, need to be consulted to identify family names.

Note: Indonesian names in old spelling (ch for kh; dj for j; tj for c; j for y; oe for u) should be transcribed as they are printed on the author’s works. It is common practice that an author presents his/her name in old and modern spelling, e.g. Soerachman and Surakhman.

The names of Indonesian Chinese authors that were changed to Indonesian names to comply with the Presidential Decree of 1967 should be treated according to the cataloguing rules of Indonesian names. However, they tend to use the last part of their Indonesian names as their new family names, e.g. Edward Suryajaya; Anthony Salim; Mary L. Pangestu; Mochtar Riady.

General rule

| | | |

|Type of name |Entry element |Examples |

| | | |

|1. Names containing family or clan name |family or clan name elements or, in the case of|ANWAR, Dewi Fortuna CHANIAGO, Sabirin |

|elements |a compound element, the first part of of the |DONGGO-HUTAGALUNG, M. Poppy |

| |element. If the element is sometimes written as|KALANGIE-PANDEY, A.A.M |

| |one word or as separate words, the one-word |KATOPPO, Marianne |

| |version is preferred with appropriate |LUMBANTORUAN, Sophar |

| |references. |MAGNIS SUSENO, Franz |

| | |NASUTION, Andi Hakim |

| | |PAMUNTJAK, Rosita |

| | |SHIHAB, M. Quraish |

| | |SIWABESSY, G.A. |

| | |TAIRAS, J.N.B. |

| | |TISNAAMIDJAJA, Doddy |

| | |TJAN SILALAHI, Harry |

| | | |

Exceptions:

| | | |

|Type of name |Entry element |Examples |

| | | |

|1. Names that do not contain family or clan |first elements in direct order |ABDURAHMAN |

|name elements | |AHMAD Tohari |

| | |ARIF Rahman |

| | |FRANCISCUS XAVERIUS Wiranto |

| | |JATNA Supriatna |

| | |JOKO Ridho Witono |

| | |MEUTIA F. Swasono |

| | |SUKARNO |

| | |YULINAR |

| |elements preceding di, el, nan, etc. in direct |PAMUNCAK nan Sakti |

| |order |SURIA DI REDJA |

| | |USMAN el Muhammady |

|2. Names containing initials or abbreviations |first elements preceding or following initials |ABDUL HADI W.M. |

|as the first or last elements |or abbreviations in direct order |ARIFIEN, Moch. |

| | |MARGA T. |

| | |NENDEN LILIS A. |

| | |ZAENUDDIN Mz. |

| | |SALAM ARIF, Abd. |

| | |SAMSUDIN S., U. |

| | |x U. Samsudin S. |

|3. Names preceded by religious titles such as |elements following the titles in direct order |DARMAATMAJA, Julius, Kardinal |

|Haji, Kardinal, etc. [See Appendix 2] | |x Julius Kardinal Darmaatmaja |

| | |MOHAMMAD ILYAS, Kiai Haji |

| | |RUSLAN ABDULGANI, Haji |

|4. Names containing honorific titles such as |elements following or preceding the titles in |MADJOINDO, Aman Datuk |

|Raden, Sutan, etc. [See Appendix 1] |direct order |x Aman Datuk Madjoindo |

| | |MOHAMMAD DAUDSJAH, Tengku |

| | |PALINDIH, Rustam Sutan |

| | |x Rustam Sutan Palindih |

| | |RANGGAWARSITA, Raden Ngabei |

| | |TAN MALAKA, Ibrahim gelar Datuk |

|5. Names preceded by terms of address such as |elements following the terms in direct order |SUPARDJO RUSTAM, Ny. |

|Ny., Ibu, etc. | |TIEN SUHARTO, Ibu |

|6. Phrase names |first elements in direct order |MANG USIL |

| | |NYONYA RUMAH |

| | |PAK BESUT |

Appendix 1: List of Indonesian commonly used honorific titles

Adipati; Aji (or Adji); Anak Agung (or Agoeng); Anak Agung (or Agoeng) Istri; Andi; Baginda; Baiq; Cokorde (or Tjokorde); Cut (or Tjut); Daeng; Datuk (or Datoek); Desak; Dewa Gede (or Gde); Gusti (or Goesti); Gusti Ayu (or Goesti Ajoe, Goesti Aju); Gusti Gde (or Goesti Gede, Gusti Gede, Goesti Gde); Ida Ayu (or Aju, Ajoe); Ida Bagus (or Bagoes); Karaeng; Kiagus (or Kiagoes); Kiemas; La Ode; Lalu (or Laloe); Marah; Mas; Masayu (or Masaju, Masajoe); Ngabei (or Ngabehi); Nganten; Nimas; Pangeran; Pedanda; Pocut (or Pocoet); Puti (or Poeti); Raden; Raden Ajeng (or Adjeng); Raden Aria; Raden Ayu (or Aju, Ajoe); Raden Mas; Raden Nganten; Raden Panji (or Pandji); Raden Roro; Raja (or Radja); Ratu (or Ratoe); Sako; Sultan (or Soeltan); Susuhunan (or Soesoehoenan); Sutan (or Soetan); Tengku (or Tengkoe); Teuku; Tuanku (or Toeankoe); Tubagus (or Toebagoes); Tumenggung (or Toemenggoeng); Wa Ode.

Note: More than two titles are often used to indicate hierarchy in royal families, e.g. Raden Mas Tumenggung, Gusti Raden Ajeng.

Appendix 2: Indonesian commonly used religious titles

Haji (or Hadji; for Muslim men; usually shortened to “H.”); Hajjah (or Haddjah; for Muslim women; usually shortened to”Hj.”); Kardinal; Kiai Haji (or Hadji); Uztadz (for male Islamic religious teachers; sometimes shortened to “Uzt.”); Uztadzah (for female Islamic religious teachers).

National cataloguing code

Keputusan Kepala Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia Nomor 20 Tahun 2005 tentang Kata Utama dan Ejaan untuk Tajuk Nama Pengarang Indonesia.

(The Decree Number 20 of the Year 2005 of the Head of the National Library of Indonesia on the Entry Word and Spelling of Indonesian Authors’ Names as Heading.)

Petunjuk teknis penentuan kata utama dan ejaan untuk tajuk nama pengarang Indonesia. Jakarta: Perpustakaan Nasional RI, 2006.

(Technical guidelines for determining the entry word and spelling of Indonesian authors’ names as heading.)

National authority file of names

Daftar nama pengarang Indonesia = Authority file for Indonesian names. Jakarta: Perpustakaan Nasional, 1986.

Daftar tajuk nama pengarang Indonesia. Jakarta: Perpustakaan Nasional RI, 2006.

(Authority list of the main entry of Indonesian authors.)

Daftar tajuk nama pengarang Indonesia. Edisi 2. Jakarta: Perpustakaan Nasional, 2007. (Authority list of the main entry of Indonesian authors.)

Daftar tajuk nama pengarang Indonesia: nama marga, nama gelar adat kebangsawanan, dan nama keturunan Cina. Jakarta: Perpustakaan Nasional RI, 2007.

(Authority list of the main entry of Indonesian authors: clan names, titles of nobility, and names of Chinese descendants.)

Contains exhaustive lists of Manado/Minahasa, Batak and Ambonese family and clan names and of Javanese and Achinese titles of nobility.

Sources and recommended references

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Seminar Nama Pengarang Indonesia (Jakarta: 2003) Prosiding, pp:37-44

(Indonesian author entry word: problems and its solutions.)

Berg, L.W.C. van den. De inlandsche rangen en titels op Java en Madoera. Batavia:

Landsdrukkerij, 1867.

(The native rank and titles in Java and Madura.)

Colebrooke, V.T. R. “On the proper names of the Mohammedans.” Journal of the

Royal Society, New Series 11, 1879:171-237

Dahlan, Alwi. “The long and short of Indonesian names.” Asian Student, March

1962.

Djamour, Judith. Malay kinship and marriage in Singapore. London: The Athlone

Press, 1959.

Geertz, Clifford and Geertz, Hildred. “Teknonymy in Bali: parenthood, age-grading and genealogical amnesia.” The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of the Great Britain and Ireland, 44, 1964:4-103

Hadiwijana, R.D.S. Nama2 Indonesia. Jogja: Spring, 1968.

(Indonesian names.)

Hurgronje, C. Snouck. De Atjehers. Batavia: Landsdrukkerij, 1893.

(The Achinese.)

International Conference on Cataloguing Principles, Paris, 1961. Report. London:

IFLA, 1964.

Kho, Lian Tie. “Malayan names.” Majalah Perpustakaan Singapura, April 1962:29-

34

Kohlbrugge, J.H.F. “Naamgeving in Insulinde.” Bijdrage van Taal-, Land- en

Volkenkunde, 6 (8) 1901:141-178

(Name giving in Indonesia.)

Kreemer J. Atjeh. Leiden: Brill, 1922-1923.

Lie, Oen Hock. Tjatatan sipil di Indonesia. Djakarta: keng Po, 1961.

(Civil registration in Indonesia.)

Mansveld, G. “Iets over namen en galars onder Maleiers in de Padangsche

bovenlanden, bepaldelijk in Noordelijke Agam.” Tijdscrift voor Indische Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, 23, 1876: 442-457

(Names and titles among the Melayu in Upper Padang, especially in the northern Agam.)

Masykur, Nur Rif’ah.”Peraturan mengenai kata utama dan ejaan pada nama

pengarang Indoensia.” In Seminar Nama Pengarang Indonesia (Jakarta: 2003) Prosiding, pp: 45-49

(Rules on the entry word and spelling of Indonesia names.)

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pengarang Indonesia: suatu gagasan.” In Seminar Nama Pengarang Indonesia (Jakarta: 2003) Prosiding, pp: 5-17

(Rules on the entry word and spelling of Indonesian author entry words: a thinking.)

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(Methods of writing Javanese names in the catalogue/bibliography.)

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(Name giving.)

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(Titles and title names used by the Balinese.)

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(Lecture note on Sociology, especially name giving in Bantenese Sultanate in 15th and 16th century.)

Pamuntjak, Roesina. “Penentuan katautama dari nama Minangkabau.” Perpustakaan Arsip Dokumentasi, 2, 1957:25-27

(Entry word for Minangkabaunese names.)

Peraturan katalogisasi Indonesia. Edisi 4. Jakarta: Perpustakaan nasional, 1996.

(Indonesian cataloguing rules.)

Peraturan2 mengkatalog nama pengarang Indonesia. 1972? Mimeographed

(Rule for cataloguing Indonesian names.)

Peraturan penentuan nama-nama Indonesia. Jakarta: Pusat Dokumentasi Informasi

Nasional 1975.

(Rules for Indonesian author names.)

Perelaer, M.T.H. Ethnographische beschrijving der Dajaks. Zalt-Bommel, 1870.

(Ethnographical description on the Dayaknese.)

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(Javanese name giving and personal names.)

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(Contains a list of honorific titles.)

Seminar Nama Pengarang Indonesia (Jakarta: 2003). Prosiding. Jakarta: Perpustakaan Nasional, 2003.

(Seminar on Indonesian author names.)

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(Library seminars.)

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Perpustakaan dan Dokumentasi, 3 (1) 1973:21-26

(The impact of new Indonesian spelling reform toward cataloguing.)

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(Entry word for Indonesian names.)

(Undergraduate paper)

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nama Indonesia dan kebiasaan penulisan di bahan perpustakaan”. In Seminar Nama Pengarang Indonesia (Jakarta: 2003) Prosiding, pp: 18-36

(Entry word for Indonesian names based on Indonesian name patterns and those commonly found in the literature.)

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Principles, Paris, 1961. Djakarta: Senat Mahasiswa Djurusan Ilmu Perpustakaan Fakultas Sastra Universitas Indonesia, 1963. Mimeographed

(Indonesian delegation report to The International Conference on Cataloguing Principles.)

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(Problem of Indonesian names in the catalogue.)

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(Guide to Indonesian entry word.)

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Widiastuti, Udiati. “Tanggapan terhadap penulisan tajuk nama pengarang Indonesia

dari sudut ejaan Bahasa Indonesia yang disempurnakan”. In Seminar Nama Pengarang Indonesia (Jakarta: 2003) Prosiding, pp: 50-51

(Opinion on the writing of Indonesian authors.)

Authority for information provided

Bidang Pengolahan Bahan Pustaka Perpustakaan Nasional (The National Library of Indonesia’s Division of Library Materials Processing); Prof. L. Sulistyo-Basuki (Universitas Indonesia); Mr. Agus Permadi (Center for Scientific Documentation and Information); Ms. Prita Wulandari (National Library of Indonesia).

Checked and approved by Acting Director of the National Library of Indonesia, Ms. Lilik Soelistyowati, January 2010.

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