What are herbs and spices? - Amherst
Whatareherbsandspices?
Plantproductsthatareaddedtofoodordrinktoprovideflavor
?Herbs:Generallyherbaceouspartofplant:leavesorstems,fresh ordried
?Spices:dryseeds,fruits,bark,roots
Spicesandhistory
? TurkishcontrolofsupplyroutesforspicesfromAsialedtoPortugueseandSpanish exploraDontogettoIndia,China,SpiceIslands
? Portuguese,thenDutch,controlledSpiceIslands(Moluccas);cloves,nutmeg,mace, blackpeppernaDvetotheseislands
? Controlofspicesledtogreatwealthandpower
? FinallyFrench,BriDsh.andSpanishsmuggledplantstocolonies,breakingmonopoly, greatlyreducingcostofspices
?ChemicalsresponsiblefordisDnctflavors,smellsofspicesorperfumesare essenDaloilsorvolaDleoils
?Oilsusuallysequesteredinspecializedpocketsorglandsonplants;oils producedbyplantasaSractantsorrepellants(somecompoundsboth aSractsomevisitorsandrepelothers)
?Weusesmallamountsmixedwithfoodforpleasant,ratherthan deterrenteffect
?CompoundsmustbeoffairlylowmolecularweighttovolaDlizeandbe perceivedasodor
?Smellis80%ofwhatwecalltaste
Selection for longevity, yield, loss of odor (and thus flavor in foods like tomatoes)
Mostcommonherbsandspicesfromthreeplantfamilies
Mints(Lamiaceae):zygomorphicflowers,usuallysquarestemsandsimple,opposite leaves;defensiveoilglandsonleafsurface
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