SBI 3U Exam Review Unit #3 - Internal Systems



SBI 3U Exam Review Unit #3 - Internal Systems

Vocabulary:

Respiratory System

Alveolus breathing cellular respiration diaphragm

Diffusion epiglottis gas-exchange larynx

Pharynx tidal volume trachea vital capacity

Uvula epiglottis tidal volume total lung capacity inspiratory reserve volume expiratory reserve volume residual volume

medulla oblongata bronchi

Bronchioles expiration inspiration nasal cavity

cilia mucus

Circulatory System

Vein artery venule arteriole

Atrium ventricle capillaries plasma

Erythrocytes leukocytes platelets hemoglobin

AV node SA node septum heart murmurs

systolic pressure diastolic pressure aorta aortic semi-lunar valve

pulmonary semi-lunar valve closed circulatory system

open circulatory system sphygmomanometer valves homeostasis blood pressure

asthma stroke volume cardiac output

electrocardiogram (ECG) systolic pressure diastolic pressure

hypertension/high blood pressure systemic circulation pulmonary circulation

Digestive System

Nutrient alimentary canal chemical digestion mechanical digestion

Saliva salivary glands esophagus bolus

Chyme cardiac sphincter pyloric sphincter stomach

Duodenum jejunum ileum villus

Peristalsis enzymes emulsify bile

Gastrin secretin cholecystokinin amylase

pepsin HCl bicarbonate

Review Questions:

2. Why do organisms require oxygen and produce carbon dioxide?

3. Explain the functions of nasal mucus, blood capillaries in the nasal cavity, and nasal hairs.

4. What is the purpose of the uvula and the epiglottis?

5. Describe the mechanics of breathing. Name the two muscles involved and how do they function to cause

inhalation and exhalation?

6. What is the role of the medulla oblongata in controlling the breathing rate?

8. What are the similarities and differences between arteries and veins?

9. State and describe the functions of the four components of blood.

10. What is the purpose of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

11. What kind of blood can the following blood types receive safely and why?

a. Type A

b. Type B

c. Type AB

d. Type O

12. Draw a schematic diagram of the heart.

14. Distinguish between chemical digestion and mechanical digestion.

15. State two functions of saliva.

16. What are two digestive functions of the tongue.

17. List all the gastric juices and their functions.

18. How is heartburn caused?

19. Explain how the small intestine is designed to maximize surface area. Why is a large surface area important?

20. What are the functions of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum?

21. Describe peristalsis.

22. What factors affect enzyme activity?

23. Describe the digestive functions of the liver, gall bladder and pancreas.

24. What is the purpose of bile?

25. Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated fats. **discussed in unit 1

Be sure you can correlate the respiratory and circulatory system together. Remember you also need to be able to discuss how the circulatory system maintains homeostasis during exercise or changes in blood pressure.

Be sure you can explain the complete digestive process of the three macronutrients. (lipids, proteins, carbohydrates)

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