Chapter 20 Biology Test Review Worksheet- (Viruses & Bacteria)



HK Biology Unit 6: Bacteria and Viruses Test/Midterm Review Packet

Name______________________________________________ Date___________________ Class__________

1.   Bacteria belong to the Kingdoms __________________________ & ________________________. They are ______________ (single / multi) -celled organisms ________________ (with, without) a nucleus. Therefore they are referred to as ___________________ (Eukaryotic / Prokaryotic).

2.   Most bacteria are ________________________ (autotroph / heterotroph) because they must get food from an outside source. However, cyano-bacteria can use the sun to produce food, therefore are called ___________________________. Some perform _____________________________, getting food from chemical compounds.

3.  The three shapes of bacteria are ____________________ (which is round/spherical), _____________________ (which is rod-shaped), and ___________________, (which is spiral-shaped).

4.   Some bacteria also have a tail, called a ________________________.

5.  In what ways are bacteria beneficial to us? __________________________________________________________________________________________

6.  Some bacteria cause disease by releasing _______________, while others cause disease by breaking down tissues for ________________. Bacterial diseases can be transmitted by (list several ways) ________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

7. To fight bacterial infections, ____________________________________ may be taken.

8.  Some ways to prevent bacterial infection are (list several ways)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. True / False: Antibiotics interfere with metabolic processes in bacteria that viruses do not have.

10. True / False: E. coli is a bacterium with short, thin, hairlike projections called pilli These can help it stick to other cells or transfer genetic material.

11. True / False: Disinfectants are used to destroy bacteria on nonliving inannimate objects.

12. True / False: Prokaryotes that break down dead organisms and wastes are called decomposers.

13. True / False: A pathogen is harmful to living organisms b/c it causes disease.”

14. Do bacteria have a cell wall only or both a cell wall and a cell membrane?

15. Antibiotics are effective against ________________________but not ____________________.

16. The process by which a dead or disabled pathogen (or proteins from that pathogen) is introduced into the body so that an immune response results without an actual infection is called?

A) Vaccination/Vaccine B) Antibiotics C) Bacteriophage D) Pathogenics

17. Matching

| | |

|_____Photoautotrophs |Cannot make own food & must “eat chemicals” or organic matter. |

|_____Chemoautotrophs |Do photosynthesis AND eat organic matter or chemicals |

|_____Chemoheterotrophs |make own food using sunlight |

|_____Photoheterotrophs |Make own food using chemicals |

18.  Viruses are (living, nonliving). They are composed of an outer ____________________, with _________________________ inside.

19. When a virus injects its DNA into the host cell, it hijacks the host, forcing it to _______________________of viral DNA. Once the viral proteins are assembled, the cell _________________________, releasing the viruses. This is referred to as the __________________________ cycle.

20.  If the viral DNA is not immediately copied, it becomes integrated within the host's ____________________. When the host cell divides, the daughter cells produced will also contain copies of the ________________. The virus may be ____________________ for several years in this state, but it is being spread. This is called the ___________________ cycle. Once it becomes active again, the lytic cycle will take over.

21.      ___________________________means disease causing, either from a bacteria or virus.

22.   Viruses do not respond to _______________________. The body produces interferons to help fight viruses. Humans can receive immunity from viruses through _______________________, which is when we are injected with dead or weakened viruses so that ___________________________ will be produced against it.

23. The __________________ (lytic / lysogenic) cycle is a cycle of viral infection, replication, and cell destruction.

24. Is the host cell destroyed during the lysogenic cycle? Yes or no?

25. The protective outer coat of a VIRUS is called a _____________________.

26. A typical ________________ (Bacteria / Virus) consists of a protein coat and a nucleic acid core of DNA or RNA. .

27. Viruses are surrounded by a _________________ coat called a capsid.

A) polysaccharide B) Protien C) Lipid D) Carbohydrate

28. Are viruses considered cellular organisms? (Yes or No). ____________

29. Name the replication process through which bacterial cells such as E. coli transfer pieces of genetic material using pilli. _______________________________________.

30. True / False: Viruses can only produce in living cells.

31. True / False: Viruses have nuclei and organelles

32. True / False: Viruses are cellular

33. True / False: Viruses are considered living b/c they are capable of reproduction.

34. Tell some reasons why viruses are NOT considered LIVING. (Short-answer).

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Label the parts of the bacteria and virus below:

35. Matching

|_______Viruses that invade bacteria |Lytic cycle |

|_______When a bacterium grows to twice its normal size |Archaebacteria |

|and replicates its DNA and divides is called |Conjunction |

|_______In this type of viral infection, the DNA of the virus |Prokaryotes |

|enters the host cell and is inserted into its DNA |Bacteriophage |

|______Cells that do not have a nucleus |Eubacteria |

|______The smaller group of prokaryotes that tend to live |Lysogenic Infection |

|in harsh environments |Nitrigen Fixation |

|______The larger group of prokaryotes |Binary Fission |

|______Form of sexual reproduction in bacteria |Virus |

|______This type of virus invades a cell, reproduces and is | |

|scattered when the cell lyses and breaks | |

|_____A non-cellular particle made up of genetic material | |

|and protein that can invade living cells | |

|_____Process of changing N2 from the air into a useable | |

|form the plant can use | |

36. Study the diagram of the lysogenic and lytic cycle, can you describe each step.

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