Chapter 20 Biology Test Review Worksheet- (Viruses & Bacteria)
HK Biology Unit 6: Bacteria and Viruses Test/Midterm Review Packet
Name______________________________________________ Date___________________ Class__________
1. Bacteria belong to the Kingdoms __________________________ & ________________________. They are ______________ (single / multi) -celled organisms ________________ (with, without) a nucleus. Therefore they are referred to as ___________________ (Eukaryotic / Prokaryotic).
2. Most bacteria are ________________________ (autotroph / heterotroph) because they must get food from an outside source. However, cyano-bacteria can use the sun to produce food, therefore are called ___________________________. Some perform _____________________________, getting food from chemical compounds.
3. The three shapes of bacteria are ____________________ (which is round/spherical), _____________________ (which is rod-shaped), and ___________________, (which is spiral-shaped).
4. Some bacteria also have a tail, called a ________________________.
5. In what ways are bacteria beneficial to us? __________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Some bacteria cause disease by releasing _______________, while others cause disease by breaking down tissues for ________________. Bacterial diseases can be transmitted by (list several ways) ________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
7. To fight bacterial infections, ____________________________________ may be taken.
8. Some ways to prevent bacterial infection are (list several ways)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
9. True / False: Antibiotics interfere with metabolic processes in bacteria that viruses do not have.
10. True / False: E. coli is a bacterium with short, thin, hairlike projections called pilli These can help it stick to other cells or transfer genetic material.
11. True / False: Disinfectants are used to destroy bacteria on nonliving inannimate objects.
12. True / False: Prokaryotes that break down dead organisms and wastes are called decomposers.
13. True / False: A pathogen is harmful to living organisms b/c it causes disease.”
14. Do bacteria have a cell wall only or both a cell wall and a cell membrane?
15. Antibiotics are effective against ________________________but not ____________________.
16. The process by which a dead or disabled pathogen (or proteins from that pathogen) is introduced into the body so that an immune response results without an actual infection is called?
A) Vaccination/Vaccine B) Antibiotics C) Bacteriophage D) Pathogenics
17. Matching
| | |
|_____Photoautotrophs |Cannot make own food & must “eat chemicals” or organic matter. |
|_____Chemoautotrophs |Do photosynthesis AND eat organic matter or chemicals |
|_____Chemoheterotrophs |make own food using sunlight |
|_____Photoheterotrophs |Make own food using chemicals |
18. Viruses are (living, nonliving). They are composed of an outer ____________________, with _________________________ inside.
19. When a virus injects its DNA into the host cell, it hijacks the host, forcing it to _______________________of viral DNA. Once the viral proteins are assembled, the cell _________________________, releasing the viruses. This is referred to as the __________________________ cycle.
20. If the viral DNA is not immediately copied, it becomes integrated within the host's ____________________. When the host cell divides, the daughter cells produced will also contain copies of the ________________. The virus may be ____________________ for several years in this state, but it is being spread. This is called the ___________________ cycle. Once it becomes active again, the lytic cycle will take over.
21. ___________________________means disease causing, either from a bacteria or virus.
22. Viruses do not respond to _______________________. The body produces interferons to help fight viruses. Humans can receive immunity from viruses through _______________________, which is when we are injected with dead or weakened viruses so that ___________________________ will be produced against it.
23. The __________________ (lytic / lysogenic) cycle is a cycle of viral infection, replication, and cell destruction.
24. Is the host cell destroyed during the lysogenic cycle? Yes or no?
25. The protective outer coat of a VIRUS is called a _____________________.
26. A typical ________________ (Bacteria / Virus) consists of a protein coat and a nucleic acid core of DNA or RNA. .
27. Viruses are surrounded by a _________________ coat called a capsid.
A) polysaccharide B) Protien C) Lipid D) Carbohydrate
28. Are viruses considered cellular organisms? (Yes or No). ____________
29. Name the replication process through which bacterial cells such as E. coli transfer pieces of genetic material using pilli. _______________________________________.
30. True / False: Viruses can only produce in living cells.
31. True / False: Viruses have nuclei and organelles
32. True / False: Viruses are cellular
33. True / False: Viruses are considered living b/c they are capable of reproduction.
34. Tell some reasons why viruses are NOT considered LIVING. (Short-answer).
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Label the parts of the bacteria and virus below:
35. Matching
|_______Viruses that invade bacteria |Lytic cycle |
|_______When a bacterium grows to twice its normal size |Archaebacteria |
|and replicates its DNA and divides is called |Conjunction |
|_______In this type of viral infection, the DNA of the virus |Prokaryotes |
|enters the host cell and is inserted into its DNA |Bacteriophage |
|______Cells that do not have a nucleus |Eubacteria |
|______The smaller group of prokaryotes that tend to live |Lysogenic Infection |
|in harsh environments |Nitrigen Fixation |
|______The larger group of prokaryotes |Binary Fission |
|______Form of sexual reproduction in bacteria |Virus |
|______This type of virus invades a cell, reproduces and is | |
|scattered when the cell lyses and breaks | |
|_____A non-cellular particle made up of genetic material | |
|and protein that can invade living cells | |
|_____Process of changing N2 from the air into a useable | |
|form the plant can use | |
36. Study the diagram of the lysogenic and lytic cycle, can you describe each step.
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