DNA Structure, Replication, & Protein Synthesis Study Guide
DNA Structure, Replication, & Protein Synthesis Test ReviewName______________________ Tips for studying for your DNA and Protein Synthesis test: Read through your notes. Complete this study guide, remember the study guide is not a time to guess, so if you’re unsure….ASK.Use your completed study guide to study. Do not just put it in your folder and leave it there until you turn it in!As you complete your study guide and review your notes write down any questions you still have and…ASK QUESTIONS!Label the following structures found in DNA replication:2. Use the following list of scientists to fill in the blanks. Scientist may be used more than once! Rosalind Franklin, Watson & Crick, Chargaff, Hershey & Chase, Griffith. ________________ discovered the process of transformation, and ___________ proved that it was DNA that was responsible for transformation. Even though some scientists believed that DNA was the genetic material after ___________ proved that DNA was responsible for transformation, many scientists did not. _____________& ______________ used bacteria and viruses to prove once and for all that DNA is the genetic material. _____________ ______________ was a scientist who worked to discover the structure of DNA through X-ray crystalography. It was her research that allowed ___________ & ___________ to build the first model of the structure of DNA. _______________& ____________ also used research from Erwin __________ who showed there were always equal parts Adenine and Thymine and equal parts Cytosine and Guanine in DNA. 3. DNA & RNA are both made out of __________________________ which are composed of 3 distinct parts. Label the parts below listing all of the possibilities in DNA & RNA!4. The 4 Nitrogen bases found in DNA are ____________, _____________, _____________, & ___________.A. The ______________ are double ringed nitrogen bases & include ______________ & ________________B. The ________________ are single ringed nitrogen bases & include _____________ & ________________5. The 4 Nitrogen bases found in RNA are ____________, _____________, ____________, & ___________.6. In DNA, Nitrogen Bases always pair Adenine to _____________. There are _____ Hydrogen bonds between them. Cytosine & _____________ also pair and there are _____ Hydrogen bonds between these bases. 7. In RNA Nitrogen Bases always pair Adenine to ___________. The bases Cytosine & __________ also pair.8. Complimentary means the nitrogen base that matches or pairs with the base on the other side. Below, draw in the complimentary bases and the correct number of _________________ bonds in this DNA strand.172085top The sides of the DNA ladder (backbone) are made of _________ & _________.When does DNA replication happen? Why?9. Below list the steps of protein synthesis, describe what is happening in each of the two processesTranscription (List the steps): Before translation can happen in EUKARYOTES, the _________ must move from the ____________ to the ____________. This is because there are no _____________ (Protein makers) in the nucleus, only the cytoplasm. Translation (List the steps): 10. Transcription happens in the ________________, but translation happens in the ___________________.11. List the 3 differences between DNA & RNA in the table below. DifferencesDNARNA?????? 12. List the three types of RNA and explain the function of each. 13. If a sequence of codons on a DNA strand is AAC TAG GGT, what is the corresponding sequence in a strand of mRNA? What tRNA sequence would pair up to this mRNA? Looking at the DNA strand below transcribe and translate it in the following blanks14. Amino Acid _______________ ___________________ ___________________ _______________tRNA __________: ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ mRNA _______: ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ DNA strand?: _T_ _A_ _C__ _G__ _C_ __A_ _ G_T_ _C__ _A _G_ T__15. Amino Acid _______________ ___________________ ___________________ _______________tRNA __________: ____ ____ ____ __U C__A__ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ mRNA _______: ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ U G A DNA strand?: _G _ _C_ _C__ ___ __ ___ _ G_A_ _T__ ___ ___ ____UCAGUUUU- PhenylalineUUC- PhenylalineUUA- LeucineUUG- LeucineUCU- SerineUCC- SerineUCA- SerineUCG- SerineUAU- TyrosineUAC- TyrosineUAA- StopUAG- StopUGU- CysteineUGC- CysteineUGA- StopUGG- TryptophanUCAGCCUU- LeucineCUC- LeucineCUA- LeucineCUG- LeucineCCU- ProlineCCC- ProlineCCA- ProlineCCG- ProlineCAU- HistidineCAC- HistidineCAA- GlutamineCAG- GlutamineCGU- ArginineCGC- ArginineCGA- ArginineCGG- ArginineUCAGAAUU- IsoleucineAUC- IsoleucineAUA- IsoleucineAUG- MethionineACU- ThreonineACC- ThreonineACA ThreonineACG- ThreonineAAU- AsparagineAAC- AsparagineAAA- LysineAAG- LysineAGU- SerineAGC- SerineAGA- ArginineAGG- ArginineUCAGGGUU- ValineGUC- ValineGUA- ValineGUG- ValineGCU- AlanineGCC- AlanineGCA- AlanineGCG- AlanineGAU- Aspartic acidGAC- Aspartic acidGAA- Glutamic acidGAG- Glutamic acidGGU- GlycineGGC- GlycineGGA- GlycineGGG- GlycineUCAG16. Why is the codon AUG important?17. What is an Amino Acid?18. Discuss Rosalind Franklin and her contribution to what we know about the DNA molecule. 21. A DNA segment is changed from AATTAG- to- AAATAG. What kind of mutation is this? 22. Give 3 examples of things that can cause a mutation. 1.2.3.23. Give 2 examples of beneficial mutations 1.2. 24. What type of bond holds the nitrogenous bases together? 25. What type of bond holds the amino acids together? 26. What type of bond holds the backbone of DNA together?27. Why is DNA replication called a semi-conservative process? ................
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