Consider the characteristics of a living and a nonliving thing



TIPS FOR MASTERING KEY CONCEPTS

Living things are magnificent chemical factories. All of the things that happen are the result of chemical reactions. Your ability to think, smile and sleep are all the result of chemical reactions.

Chemical reactions drive all biological processes.

• Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms

• Chemical equations are used to express what happens during a chemical reaction

Chemical reactions involve the transfer of energy.

• Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms

• All reactions require some energy to start.

• Some reactions absorb energy and some reactions give off energy.

Enzymes are necessary for chemical reactions to proceed in living things.

• Enzymes are proteins.

• Every biochemical reaction requires enzymes.

• Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy of a chemical reaction

• An enzyme’s name describes what it does.

1. Skim Section 2 of Chapter 6. Write two facts that you discovered as you read the headings and illustration captions.

a.

b.

2. Use your book or dictionary to define the word process.

3. Define each of the following terms:

activation energy

active site

catalyst

chemical reaction

enzyme

product

reactant

substrate

coefficient

4. Define coefficient to show its scientific meaning.

5. Label the sides of the following equation as either products or reactants.

6. Calculate the number of atoms of each element in the chemical equation above. Record the information in the table below.

|Element |Element |Number of Atoms |Number of Atoms |

|Symbol |Name |(Reactant Side) |(Product Side) |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

7. Is the above equation “balanced?” _____________

8. How do you know it is balanced?

9. Compare what happens to energy in exothermic and endothermic reactions by completing the diagram below.

10. Summarize key characteristics of an enzyme by completing the organizer below.

11. Analyze how an enzyme works by completing the following paragraph.

For a substrate to bind with a particular enzyme, the ________________ and ______________ of the substrate must match that of the enzyme’s ________________. In the enzyme substrate complex, chemical bonds in the ______________________ are broken and _______________________ form. The results of the interaction between an enzyme and its ______________________ are products, which are released by the ________________________.

12 Summarize the information in this section by describing the role of catalysts in chemical reactions.

-----------------------

As a result, the energy of the product is ______________ than the energy of the reactants.

As a result, the energy of the product is ______________ than the energy of the reactants.

During the reaction, energy is

During the reaction, energy is

Endothermic

Reaction

Exothermic

Reaction

Participates in how many different types

of reactions?

Enzymes

Composed of:

[pic] [pic]

CH4 + 2O2 [pic] CO2 + 2H2O

Purpose:

Reusable?

Activity level affected by:

................
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