Characteristics of Living Things (Essay
1. Characteristics of Living Things
• Homeostasis
• Evolve: respond to change over time
• Heredity: Ability to pass genes on
• Reproduction
• Interdependence with other organisms
• Cells. Pros vs. Euks!
• Metabolism: sum of all reactions in the organism
2. The Scientific Method, designing an experiment, and measurements:
• Control and Experimental Groups
• Independent vs. dependent variables.
• Surface Area (square units) vs. Volume (cubed units)
• Why are cells small? What does this have to do with surface area and volume?
• Density. Measured in mass/volume. Density of H2O. What does it mean to sink or float in H2O?
3. Ecology
• Population vs. Community
• Factors determining population size
• Closed vs. open populations
• Ecosystems: Abiotic vs. biotic factors
• Niche vs. Habitat
• Intra- & Inter-specific competition
• Types of relationships between species
• Density-independent factors
• Natural disasters, weather
• Density-dependent factors
• Food, water, living space
• Population density
• # organisms in a given area
• How to determine?
• Population growth curves. Phases. Dynamic equilibrium. Carrying capacity.
• Types of populations.
• R-selected vs. K-selected
• Population Age Distributions. How to read. What do they tell us.
• Biomes & Adaptations: define? Examples?
• What adaptations have organisms evolved to survive & maybe reproduce in certain biomes? Know specific examples.
• How does energy flow through ecosystems? Producers. Consumers. Decomposers.
• Biogeochemical cycles? Types? Examples?
4. Chemistry Basics
• Important Elements?! CHONPS!!!
• Order of items from atoms to organisms? Non-living vs. living?
• Inorganic vs. organic?
o Differences?
• Organic molecules
o Specific examples?
• Important reactions? Reactants & products?
• Water!?! Why important? Properties?
o Bonds between & within H2O molecules?
5. Cellular Respiration & Photosynthesis
• Where do these processes occur? Specific organelles?
• What are the reactants? Products? Which are organic and which are inorganic?
• Where is the ENERGY in ATP?
6. Parts of a cell and organelles. What do they do---their function? Found in which cells? Prokaryotes? Eukaryotes? Plants? Animals?
• Mitochondria
• Golgi apparatus
• Nucleus
• Ribosomes
• ER: smooth & rough
• Lysosomes
• Cytosol & cytoplasm & cytoskeleton
• Chloroplasts
• Cell walls & membranes
• Vacuoles
7. Cell Membranes!
• Structure? Be able to draw!
• Transport, in/out. What is moving?
• Active vs. passive. ATP.
• Diffusion vs. Osmosis
• Protein Receptors/Channels
• Membranes: selectively permeable
• Homeostasis & metabolism
• Different solutions. What happens to cells exposed to the different solutions?
• What is a solution?
• Osmosis & Diffusion Lab
• What molecules moved? Where?
• Monosaccharides vs. polysaccharides
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