Characteristics of Living Things (Essay



1. Characteristics of Living Things

• Homeostasis

• Evolve: respond to change over time

• Heredity: Ability to pass genes on

• Reproduction

• Interdependence with other organisms

• Cells. Pros vs. Euks!

• Metabolism: sum of all reactions in the organism

2. The Scientific Method, designing an experiment, and measurements:

• Control and Experimental Groups

• Independent vs. dependent variables.

• Surface Area (square units) vs. Volume (cubed units)

• Why are cells small?  What does this have to do with surface area and volume?

• Density. Measured in mass/volume. Density of H2O. What does it mean to sink or float in H2O?

3. Ecology

• Population vs. Community

• Factors determining population size

• Closed vs. open populations

• Ecosystems: Abiotic vs. biotic factors

• Niche vs. Habitat

• Intra- & Inter-specific competition

• Types of relationships between species

• Density-independent factors

• Natural disasters, weather

• Density-dependent factors

• Food, water, living space

• Population density

• # organisms in a given area

• How to determine?

• Population growth curves. Phases. Dynamic equilibrium. Carrying capacity.

• Types of populations.

• R-selected vs. K-selected

• Population Age Distributions. How to read. What do they tell us.

• Biomes & Adaptations: define? Examples?

• What adaptations have organisms evolved to survive & maybe reproduce in certain biomes? Know specific examples.

• How does energy flow through ecosystems? Producers. Consumers. Decomposers.

• Biogeochemical cycles? Types? Examples?

4. Chemistry Basics

• Important Elements?! CHONPS!!!

• Order of items from atoms to organisms? Non-living vs. living?

• Inorganic vs. organic?

o Differences?

• Organic molecules

o Specific examples?

• Important reactions? Reactants & products?

• Water!?! Why important? Properties?

o Bonds between & within H2O molecules?

5. Cellular Respiration & Photosynthesis

• Where do these processes occur? Specific organelles?

• What are the reactants? Products? Which are organic and which are inorganic?

• Where is the ENERGY in ATP?

6. Parts of a cell and organelles. What do they do---their function? Found in which cells? Prokaryotes? Eukaryotes? Plants? Animals?

• Mitochondria

• Golgi apparatus

• Nucleus

• Ribosomes

• ER: smooth & rough

• Lysosomes

• Cytosol & cytoplasm & cytoskeleton

• Chloroplasts

• Cell walls & membranes

• Vacuoles

7. Cell Membranes!

• Structure? Be able to draw!

• Transport, in/out. What is moving?

• Active vs. passive. ATP.

• Diffusion vs. Osmosis

• Protein Receptors/Channels

• Membranes: selectively permeable

• Homeostasis & metabolism

• Different solutions. What happens to cells exposed to the different solutions?

• What is a solution?

• Osmosis & Diffusion Lab

• What molecules moved? Where?

• Monosaccharides vs. polysaccharides

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