Biology Midterm



Biology – Review Through The Chemistry Unit

Start by identifying what you recognize and what you are unsure about.

Note any specific topics you would like reviewed!

Science of Biology

Scientific Method; Lab Safety

Spontaneous Generation Experimentation

Characteristics of Living Things

Metacognition (Development of neurons and their structure)

Chemistry Concepts

Chemical Reactions: Reactants “substrates”, Products

Enzymes “Catalysts” (Activation Energy)

Conditions that would denature enzymes (temperature, pH)

Endothermic vs. Exothermic Reactions

Acids vs. Bases, Role of a Buffer

pH (0-6 acid, 7 neutral, 8-14 base)

Ionic vs. Covalent Bonding

Organic Chemistry

Inorganic (non-living) vs. Organic (living; contains carbon)

Carbon Bonding – 4 bonds, commonly bonds to itself

(common elements in the body H, C, N, O, P, S)

Polymerization (forming polymers):

• Monomers of each macromolecule (lipid, carbs, protein, nucleic acids)

• Dehydration synthesis / hydrolysis

Functions (lipid, carbs, protein, nucleic acids)

Carbohydrates (mono-, di- and polysaccharides)

Indicators: Benedict’s, Biuret, Iodine tests, Sudan IV – which polymers do they test for?

Lipids (Fatty Acid; fat, oil, wax)

Proteins (amino acids, peptide bonds, polypeptide chain)

Nucleic Acids (Nucleotide, DNA, RNA)

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