AP Psychology – Ms
| |Part of the Brain |Description/Function |Symbol/Mnemonic Device |
|Brains| |Unconscious vital processes (circulation, heart|“medusa” turns to stone |
|tem | |rate, breathing) |Doulah = midwife (brings life) |
| |Medulla | |“med”-itation |
| | | |Just “du” it (me-“du”-lla) |
| | | |Breathing is “dull” |
| | | |Me-du-llah sounds like heartbeat |
| | |Communicates sensory messages & movement from |Pom-pons |
| | |cerebellum to cerebrum | |
| |Pons | |Bridge over a pond |
| | |“Bridge” | |
| | | | |
| | |Eye and face movements | |
| | | | |
| | |Possible role in dreams | |
| | |Arousal & attention |“Rise And Shine” (R.A.S.) |
| | | |Particular Reticular (filters stimuli) |
| |Reticular Formation |Filters stimuli coming to brain | |
| |(Reticular Activating System) | |Re-“tic” ular formation (tic – sound of neural firing) |
| | |Muscle coordination & balance |Cere-“bal”-um |
| | | |Cere-balance |
| |Cerebellum | |Sarah-Ballerina |
| | | |Two “ll”s look like balance beam |
| | | |CereBelluM – Coordination, Balance, Movement |
| | | |Belle of the ball (dancing = balance & coordination) |
| | | |Antebellum (balance between slave & free) |
| | | |Ball (need coordination to catch) |
| | |Directs sensory information to particular areas|Thal-mail (like a post office) |
| | |of brain |T-top of brainstem, S-switchboard |
| |Thalamus | | |
| | | | |
| | |Instinctual emotional reactions (aggression or |Amygdala monster |
| | |fear) |“Angry Amy” or Aggressive Amy |
| |Amygdala | |Emo-gdala |
| | |Attention to novel stimuli | |
| | |Regulates hunger, thirst, body temperature, |Hungry “hypos” |
| | |endocrine system |Hypo-thermometer, hypothermia |
| |Hypothalamus | |Hyper-hypothalamus |
| | | |Hypo - typo (regulation/maintenance) |
| | | |Hypothala “must” |
| | | |Hypothalamus |
| | | |Homoeostasis |
| | | |M=maintenance |
| |Pituitary Gland |Master gland – directs endocrine system |Arm “pit” |
| | | |Pit boss (directs casino activities) |
| | |Formation of new memories |Hippo at camp (can’t forget that!) |
| | | |Camping – make memories |
| |Hippocampus | |“One time at hippo camp” |
| | | |Hippos never forget (similar to elephants) |
|Cerebr| |Divided into two hemispheres |Cereal bowl |
|um | | | |
| |Cerebrum |Higher order functions |Cranium game |
| | | | |
| | |Logic, language (verbal tasks), math, |Logical-left (lefty-logic) |
| | |detail-oriented |Left-logic-language |
| |Left Hemisphere | | |
| | |Controls right side of body | |
| | |Visual-spatial tasks, creativity |R-tistic |
| | | |Right Rembrandt |
| |Right Hemisphere |Controls left side of body |Right Sight |
| | | | |
| | |Thick bundle of nerve fibers that connects left|Callo-“sum” of 2 hemispheres |
| | |& right hemispheres |Corpus “Call someone” (connects) |
| |Corpus Callosum | |Corpse – connects living & dead??? |
| | |Communicates between two hemi’s |Connection Cord |
| | | |Cor“plus” callosum (two hemispheres together) |
|Cerebr| |Wrinkled surface of brain |Crinkled Cap |
|al | | |Cor-Texas (large surface area) |
|Cortex|Cerebral Cortex |Divided into four lobes |Core-tex (core of higher functions) |
| | | | |
| | |Emotion regulation, speaking, judgment & |Personality is a “front” |
| | |reason, planning, personality |“Future” lobe |
| |Frontal Lobes | |Prefrontal lobotomies |
| | | |Frontal filter (for emotions) |
| | |Pain, pressure, touch sensations |Presents-parietal (receiving info) |
| | | |Parietal-pain-pressure-position |
| |Parietal Lobes | | |
| | | | |
| | |Auditory cortex (hearing) |Tempo (music/rhythm) |
| | | |Temple (temples on side of head) |
| |Temporal Lobes | | |
| | | | |
| | |Visual cortex (sight) |Eye-cipital lobe |
| | | |“ocular” occipital |
| |Occipital Lobes | |Optometrist/ophthalmologist |
| | | |Occipital sounds like “optical” |
| | |Located at rear of frontal lobes | |
| | | | |
| |Motor Cortex |Controls voluntary movements | |
| | | | |
| | |Located at front of parietal lobes | |
| | | | |
| |Sensory Cortex |Receives info for body touch & movement | |
| | |sensations | |
| |Associatio| | | |
| |n Areas | |Physical production of speech (directs muscle |Broca Obama |
| | |Broca’s Area |movements) | |
| | | | |Boca = “mouth” in Spanish |
| | | |Located in left frontal lobe | |
| | | | | |
| | |Wernicke’s Area* |Language comprehension & expression |“Hooked on Wernicke’s” (like the |
| | | | |“Hooked on Phonics” program) |
| | | |Located in left temporal lobe | |
Basal Ganglia – collection of nuclei (at base of the hemispheres) for controlling voluntary movements and establishing postures
Glial Cells – nourish, protect, and support neurons
* Angular Gyrus – transforms visual representations into auditory code (Wernicke’s area uses this auditory code to derive meaning…more about this in later units)
( Damage to angular gyrus means someone can speak & understand, but cannot read aloud
*Locus Coeruleus – role in physical reaction to panic/stress…more in later units
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