Active Remote Sensor: Transmits radiation of specific ...
Active Remote Sensor: Transmits radiation of specific frequency (or frequency interval) and receives it via reflection or backscattering from a point target or distribution of targets (e.g., raindrops)
1. Introduction to radar
Good overview: man/dod-101/navy/docs/swos/cmd/fun12/12-1/sld006.htm
1. Background
Definitions: RADAR -- Radio Detection and Ranging
Range of wavelengths: 1 mm < λ < 10 m
Specific radar bands: refer to handout sheet
Doppler (coherent) radar – ability to measure change in phase of transmitted signal
Incoherent radar – phase change not measured, only magnitude of backscattered signal is measured
Radar strengths – ability to detect clouds, precipitation, and refractive index variations
Radar limiations – crude spatial resolution, spectral limitations, side lobe contamination, ambiguous signals
2. Radar History (Rinehart, pp. 1-4)
Radar
Meteorological radar
Doppler radar
Polarimetric radars
3. Radar hardware overview
1. Radar types
Pulsed – radiation emitted in short pulses (~1 μs) at some pulse repetition frequency (PRF)
Continuous wave (CW) – radiation emitted continuously
Bistatic – two antennas, one transmits and one receives
Monostratic – one antenna (transmits and receives), more common
2. Radar components
Transmitter
Source of EM radiation; generates signal at specific radio frequency (RF)
Transmitter types
Magnetron – an oscillator tube with resonant cavities (Fig. 6.2, Skolnik)
Developed in 1939
Small, relatively cheap
Can transmit signals with peak energy of ~500 kW
coaxial magnetron – improved power, frequency stability, efficiency and life (Fig. 6.3, Skolnik)
Fig. 2.2 in Rinehart
Example: HSV WSR-74C radar (coaxial magnetron)
Klystron – power amplifier fed by a RF oscillator (true amplifier)
Also contain cavities (Fig. 6.9, Skolnik)
Larger and more power, peak transmit power up to 2 MW
Good waveform, purer (very stable) transmit frequency
Also termed MOPA – Master Oscillator Power Amplifier
Example: WSR-88D radar
Solid state transmitter
Much lower power ( ................
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