Chapter 6 The Muscular System 9 7



Ch 6: Muscular System Name (in ink)

OVERVIEW OF MUSCLE TISSUES

1. Identify the muscle tissue type described by choosing the correct response(s) from the key choices.

Key Choices

A. Cardiac B. Smooth (Visceral) C. Skeletal

_______ 1. Involuntary

_______ 2. Banded appearance (striated)

_______ 3. Longitudinally and circularly arranged layers

_______ 4. Dense connective tissue packaging (for strength)

_______ 5. Found in hollow organs

_______ 6. Coordinated activity to act as a pump

_______ 7. Moves bones and the facial skin

_______ 8. Referred to as the muscular system

_______ 9. Voluntary

_______ 10. Peristalsis – movement of material through hollow organs

A baby's control over muscles progresses in a direction,

as well as a direction.

Muscle tissue that is lost is replaced by noncontractile tissue.

Without normal stimulation muscles will waste away, or .

Overdevelopment of a muscle, as in weight lifting, is .

MUSCLE MOVEMENTS, TYPES, AND NAMES

2. Relative to general terminology concerning muscle activity, label the following structures: insertion, origin, tendon, resting muscle, and contracting muscle. Next, identify the two structures named below by choosing different colors for the coding circles and the corresponding structures.

[pic]

⃝ Movable bone

⃝ Immovable bone

The insertion moves

towards its:

3. Functions of the muscular system:

1.

2.

3.

4.

4. Several criteria are applied to the naming of muscles. These are provided in Column B. Identify which criteria pertain to the muscles listed in Column A and enter the correct letter(s) in the answer blank.

Column A

1. Gluteus maximus

2. Adductor magnus

3. Biceps femoris

4. Abdominis transversus

5. Extensor carpi ulnaris

6. Trapezius

7. Rectus femoris

8. External oblique

5. Select a different color for each muscle provided with a color-coding circle and color the coding circle and corresponding muscle in Figure 6-11.

1. Temporalis 26. Buccinator (see #10 (p. 204 in book))

2. Orbicularis oculi 27. Platysma (see p. 204)

3. Zygomaticus 28. Internal oblique (see p. 206 & 214)

4. Orbicularis oris 29. Iliopsoas (see p. 211)

5. Pectoralis major 30. Abdominal aponeurosis ( see p. 206)

6. Deltoid

7. Biceps brachii

8. Rectus abdominis

9. Transversus abdominis

10. Adductors

11. Gracilis (an adductor)

12. Sartorius

13. Tibialis anterior

14. Frontalis

15. Masseter

16. Sternocleidomastoid

17. Brachialis

18. Serratus

19. External oblique

20. Brachioradialis

21. Rectus femoris

22. Vastus lateralis + deep vastus intermedius =

23. Vastus medialis

24. Fibularis longus

25. External Intercostals

[pic]

24

6. Select different colors for each muscle and color the coding circles and corresponding muscles on Figure 6-12.

1. Gluteus maximus

2. Adductor muscle

3. Biceps femoris

4. Semitendinosus

5. Semimembranosus

6. Gastrocnemius

7. Calcaneal tendon

8. Cranial aponeurosis

9. Occipitalis

10. Trapezius

11. Deltoid

12. Triceps brachii

13. Latissimus dorsi

14. Lumbar aponeurosis

15. External oblique

16. Gluteus medius

17. Soleus

[pic]

12

7. Identify the body movements described the following statements.

1. Moving a body part superiorly

2. Moving a body part inferiorly

3. Pointing the toes downward, as when walking on tip toes

4. Pointing the toes upward, as when walking on your heels

5. Moving a body part toward the midline of the body

6. Moving a body part away from the midline of the body

7. Bending a joint, or decreasing the angle of the joint

8. Straightening a joint, or increasing the angle of the joint

9. Extending beyond anatomical position is

10. Moving a bone around its axis, as when moving the head to signify "no" is

11. Moving the distal end of the arm in a circle while keeping the proximal end stationary is

12. Lateral rotation of the radius, turning the palm anteriorly, (palm up)

13. Medial rotation of the radius, turning the palm posteriorly, (palm down)

14. Turning the sole of the foot medially

15. Turning the sole of the foot laterally

16. Moving the thumb to touch the fingertips

8. The terms provided in the key are often used to describe the manner in which muscles interact with other muscles. Select the key terms that apply to the following definitions and insert the correct letter or term in the answer blanks.

Key Choices

A. Antagonist (anti) B. Fixator C. Prime mover D. Synergist

1. Muscle most responsible for a particular movement, called agonist

2. Postural muscles for the most part

3. Stabilizes a joint so that the prime mover can act at more distal joints

4. Performs the same movement as the prime mover, works together and assists

5. Reverses and/or opposes the action of a prime mover

6. Immobilizes the origin of a prime mover

Muscles of the Head

9. Identify and color the major muscles described.

Column A

1. Elevates skin at the corners of the mouth, as when smiling, origin is at the cheek bone

2. Used to suck in cheeks, as when whistling

3. Used to close eyelids, as when blinking

4. Elevates skin at eyebrows, wrinkles forehead

5. Closes and protrudes lips, as when kissing

6. Prime mover of jaw closure, chewing

7. Synergist muscle for jaw closure, chewing

8. Inserts into the mastoid process, rotation of head when contracting independently and flexion of head when contracting simultaneously

9. Superficial sheet-like muscle of the anterior neck, depresses corners of the mouth inferiorly (Draw in on Fig 6-6.)

[pic]

Muscles of the Trunk

10. Identify and color the anterior trunk muscles described.

Column A

1. Prime mover for shoulder adduction and flexion

2. Prime mover for shoulder abduction

3. Acting alone, each muscle of this pair rotates the head toward the opposite shoulder

4. Abdominal muscles that flex the vertebral column as when doing situps

5. Part of the abdominal girdle, forms the external lateral walls of the abdomen

6. Besides the two abdominal muscle pairs named in #4 & 5, TWO other muscle pairs that form the abdominal girdle *

7. Deepest layer of abdominal muscles, compresses abdominal organs, as when coughing

8. Deep muscles between the ribs that expand the ribcage during inhalation

9. Deep muscles between the ribs that depress the ribcage during exhalation

10. An unpaired muscle that acts with the muscles named above to accomplish inspiration

* Internal oblique and transversus abdominis: See pages 206 & 214 in book.

[pic]

11. Identify and color the posterior trunk muscles described.

Column A

1. Muscle that allows you to shrug your shoulders or extend your head, elevates the pectoral girdle

2. Muscle of the lower back that adducts the shoulder and causes posterior extension of the shoulder joint, called the swimmer’s muscle

3. Shoulder muscle that is the antagonist of the muscle just described

4. Prime mover of back extension; a deep composite muscle consisting of three columns, holds the spine erect

[pic]

Muscles of the Hip, Thigh, and Leg

12. Identify and color the muscles described.

Column A

1. Hip flexor, deep in pelvis; a composite of two muscles (*draw this muscle on the diagram))

2. Extends the hip as when climbing stairs, inserts into the femur

3. The two-bellied muscle of the calf, inserts into the calcaneus, prime mover for plantar flexion

4. Inverts and dorsiflexes the foot

5. Muscle group that moves the legs toward the midline of the body

6. Muscle group that extends the knee (4 muscles)

7. Muscle group that extends the thigh and flexes the knee

8. Smaller hip muscle commonly used as an injection site for more than 5mL

9. Muscle group of the lateral leg; plantar flexes and everts the foot

10. Strap-like muscle that is a weak thigh flexor; the "tailor's muscle" (crisscross apple sauce)

11. Like the two-bellied muscle that lies over it, this muscle is a plantar flexor

Label the calcaneal tendon.

* Draw in the iliopsoas muscle. (See p. 211.)

[pic]

[pic]

Muscles of the Arm and Forearm

[pic]

13. Identify and color the muscles described.

14. Complete the following statements describing muscles.

1. Three muscles commonly used for intramuscular injections in adults are the (#1, 2, 3)

2.

3.

4. The tendon that contains the patella, attaches the ____ muscle group to the tibia.

5. The triceps surae (gastrocnemius [2 heads] + soleus) insert in common into the ____ tendon.

6. The bulk of the tissue of a muscle is usually _____ to the part of the body it causes to move.

7. The extrinsic muscles of the hand originate on the ____

8. Most flexor muscles are located on the ____ aspect of the body.

9. Most extensors are located ___.

10. An exception to this generalization is the extensor-flexor musculature of the ___.

11. The pectoralis major and deltoid muscles act synergistically to ___ the humerus.

12. The term for chewing is ___.

13. Three muscles involved in the chewing process are the ___, ___, and ___ (#13, 14, 15)

14.

15.

16. A sheet-like tendon that connects large areas of tendon to muscle is an

17. The tendon that inserts the gastrocnemius into the heel bone is the

15. Muscle fatigue occurs when adequate oxygen supply is no longer available to the muscles and the muscle is no longer able to contract. Complete the following sentences regarding muscle contraction.

1. The period during which oxygen supply is being replenished to muscles is

2. The type of contraction in which the muscle shortens and movement occurs, but muscle tension

stays the same is an contraction.

3. The type of contraction in which the muscle does not shorten (length stays the same), movement

does not occur, but tension increases is an contraction.

4. The type of exercise that requires oxygen, improves endurance, is

5. The state of continuous partial muscle contraction is called

6. If muscle is no longer stimulated, it becomes soft and flabby, called

7. The muscle will begin to waste away, known as

Chapter 6 At The Clinic Name: Period:

Use your textbook to solve the following medical scenarios.

1. Malcolm lost his footing and crashed through a glass door. Several tendons and muscles were sliced through at the anterior thigh. What specific movements are likely to be lost if repair is not possible? (Do not answer with, “He will not be able to move his leg.” Give the specific parts of the leg area and the specific movements.

2. During an overambitious workout, a high school athlete pulls some muscles by hyperextending his knee when his hip is already fully flexed. Which leg muscles did he pull? Name EACH muscle in this group. (3 muscles)

3. An emergency appendectomy is performed on Mr. Geiger. The incision was made at the lateral edge of the right iliac region.

a) Which three abdominal muscles were cut?

b) Which one was NOT cut?

4. Susan, a massage therapist, was giving Mr. Graves a backrub. Which two large superficial muscles of the back were receiving the majority of her attention?

5. Mrs. Sanchez says that her 6-year-old son seems to be unusually clumsy and tires easily. The doctor notices that his calf muscles appear to be normal in size. If anything, they seem a bit enlarged rather than wasted.

a) For what condition should the boy be tested?

b) What other symptoms will he begin to experience?

c) What is the prognosis (outlook)?

6. (a) Name three muscles used as sites for intramuscular injections.

c) Why is it important to avoid the medial portion of the gluteus maximus?

d) Which muscle is most often used for giving infants injections?

e) Why is this a site for injections in infants?

7. Mr. Freeman loved to show off his skateboarding talents. One afternoon he accepted the challenge to jump his board down a flight of stairs. He miscalculated his landing and had to jump off the board to keep from crashing. As he landed, he heard a snapping sound that was immediately followed by pain in his right lower calf. A gap was visible between his swollen calf and his heel, and he was unable to plantar flex his foot. What happened to Mr. “show-off” Freeman? (Explain what structure was damaged.)

8. When Eric returned from jogging for 20 minutes, he was breathing heavily and sweating profusely. He complained that his legs were burning and felt weak. He grabbed a sports drink and plopped on the couch to take it easy until he could “catch his breath.” On the basis of what you have learned about muscle energy metabolism, answer the following questions:

a) What ATP producing pathway did his muscles use that required oxygen?

b) What ATP producing pathway was used after oxygen was no longer readily available (without oxygen)?

c) What metabolic product would account for his sore muscles and muscle weakness?

d) Why is Eric still breathing heavily even after he has stopped running?

e) What type of exercise is jogging?

9. (a) Jenny is trying to rearrange her bedroom, but when she tries to move her dresser, it doesn’t budge. No matter how hard she pushes on it, it doesn’t move. What type of muscle contraction is this?

(b) She decides to remove the dresser drawers. She lifts each drawer out of the dresser. What type of muscle contraction is taking place?

10. Lieutenant Dan is paralyzed from the waist down. Describe what will happen over time to the muscle tone in the muscles that are no longer stimulated by nerves. (TWO steps)

a) What is the term for “soft and flabby”?

b) What is the term for wasting away?

-----------------------

Column B

A. Action of the muscle

B. Shape of the muscle

C. Location of the muscle's origin and/or insertion

D. Number of origins

E. Location of muscle relative to a bone or body region

F. Direction in which the muscle fibers run relative to some imaginary line

G. Relative size of the muscle

Ý

Ý

Ý

Ý

Ý

Ý

Ý

Ý

Ý

Ý

Ý

Ý

Ý

Ý

Ý

Ý

Ý

Ý

Ý

Ý

Ý

Ý

Ý⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

Iliopsoas (removed)

Platysma

(removed)

Soleus

25

Figure 6-11

18

17

Abdominal aponeurosis

21

23

22

20

19

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

14

16

17

15

13

12

11

10

8

9

7

6

5

Figure 6-12

14

Column B

A. Buccinator

B. Frontalis

C. Masseter

D. Orbicularis oculi

E. Orbicularis oris

F. Sternocleidomastoid

G. Temporalis

H. Platysma

I. Zygomaticus

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

Figure 6-6

Zygomatic bone

Column B

A. Deltoid

B. Diaphragm

C. External intercostal

D. External oblique

E. Internal intercostal

F. Internal oblique

G. Latissimus dorsi

H. Pectoralis major

I. Rectus abdominis

J. Sternocleidomastoid

K. Transversus abdominis

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

Column B

A. Deltoid

B. Erector spinae

C. External oblique

D. Gluteus maximus

E. Latissimus dorsi

F. Trapezius

⃝

⃝

⃝

Figure 6-8

Column B

A. Adductors

B. Biceps femoris

C. Fibularis muscles

D. Gastrocnemius

E. Gluteus maximus

F. Gluteus medius

G. Hamstrings

H. Iliopsoas

I. Quadriceps

J. Rectus femoris

K. Sartorius

L. Semimembranosus

M. Semitendinosus

N. Soleus

O. Tibialis anterior

P. Vastus intermedius

Q. Vastus lateralis

R. Vastus medialis

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

⃝

Column A

1. Prime mover (agonist) of elbow flexion

2. Muscle that extends the elbow, inserts into the olecranon process

3. Powerful shoulder abductor, used to raise the arm overhead

4. Synergist of the biceps brachii

5. Muscle involved in pronation and supination and acts as a synergist of elbow flexion

Column B

A. Biceps brachii

B. Brachialis

C. Deltoid

D. Triceps brachii

E. Brachioradialis

................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download