MPWV Meat Goat Producers Association



MPWV Meat Goat Producers Association

Spring Conference

March 20, 2004

President, Dick Dixon opened the meeting, by welcoming everyone and invited those that are not currently members to join the association.

Parasite Management Update – Susan Schoenian - Maryland Cooperative Extension

Susan pointed out that no new drugs are available, but the treatments have changed.

Parasite Susceptibility

Goats and Sheep are more susceptible to internal parasites then cattle, swine, or horses.

Youngsters are more susceptible than the older ones.

High producers, high stress animals are more susceptible than low production, low stressed animals

Skinny animals are more susceptible than those that are fat

Grazing animals more than zero grazing

Grazing more susceptible Browsing

Heavy stock rate more than light stocking

Intensive rotation grazing with shorter rest periods more than low intensity, rotational gasing with longer rest periods

Normal or abundant rainfall more than drought

Summer and Fall are greater than Spring and Winter

Drugs are FDA approved for goats

Safegaurd

Rumitel

Tape worms

Valvasen

Safeguard

Lice or biting parasites

Ivomec

Mydectin

Highest level of resistance

Ivomec

Valvasen

Safeguard

Seem to still be working

Tramisol

Moxidectin

Quest

Internal Parasites Realities

Haemonchus contortus – Barber pole worm

Blood sucking parasite causes protein loss to the host

Symptoms – pale mucous membranes, bottle jaw, rarely diarrhea, death

Difficult to control

Short direct life cycle

Other stomach worms

Trichostrongylus, Ostertagia, cooperia

Direct life cycle

Burrow in the wall of the abomasums

Causes scouring

Life cycle as short as 7 days

Other parasites

Tapeworms

Tend to be non-pathogenic

Treat with benzimidazoles

Indirect life cycle

Lung worms

Direct or indirect life cycle

Controlled b same anthelmintics as stomach works

Liver flukes

Treat wth Albendazole

Requires open water snails

Coccidia

Major problem

Different control program

Additive with feed and minierals in feed or water

Meningeal worm (deer, brain worm)

Parasite of white tail deer

Keep away from wet areas

Larva travel from intestinal tract to spinal cord

Lameness, gait abnormality paralysis death

High does of anthelmintics

Anti inflamittory drugs

Parasite control starts with good management

Good sanitation

Never feed on ground

Clean water, free from fecal matter

Proper stocking rates in pens and pastures

Always isolate and deworm new animals to a farm

Clean or safe pastures

New pasture

Pasture that has been renovated

Not grazed for past 6-12 months

Pasture in hay or silage crop

Pasture that has been rotated with row crops

Mixing species of livestock

Sheep and goats share the same internal parasites but not cattle or horses

Producers who graze multiple species fewer parasites

Intensice rational grazing

Rotational grazing does not reduce parasites unless rest periods are long

Nutrition and worms

Higher nutrition better body condition – less prone

Increased protein during late stages of pregnancy – reduces parasites

Zero Grazing

Confinement to eliminate worms but need to treat for coccidia

Genetics and worms

Some breeds more resistant

Varies between animals (Nubian, boers)

20-30% due to genetic factors

Cull worm-susceptible to increased flock resistance

Resistance – ability to host eggs

Resilience -Ability to withstand challenge infection and productivity of parasites

Resistant breeds )brush goats, Spanish, Myotonic, Pygmy, Kiko

Not resistant - Boer, Dairy (Nubian, saaean)

Drugs

Three Families

Benzimidazoles – Fenbendazole (safeguard or Panacur), albendazole (valbazen), Oxybendazole (synanthic)

Broad spectrum

Safe

Effective against tape worms

Nicotinics – levamisole (tramisol, levasole, prohibit)

Broad spectrum

Effective against arrested larvae

Narrower margin of safety

, Motatel rumatel (premix),

Stongid (pyrantel)

Clear drench

Macrolides – avermectins, ivermectin, doramectin

I

Only approved fenbendazole and Morantel are FDA approved for goats

Cydectin – for cattle – use orally for goats

Make sure using with the consultation of a vet

Stategic deworming

Treat prior to kidding

Treat and move to clean pasture

Start of grazing season

Mid summer

Fall treatment

Prior to breeding

Targeted therapy

Kids

First time mothers

Highest producers

Leave some goats untreated to slow anthelmintic resistance – “rufugia”

Maximize the single treatment

Do not unerdose

Put it behind the tongue

Fast before

Use higher doses

Weigh the animals

Treat with antehlmintics

Compare FEC at the time of treatment with counts 7 to 14 days

>90 effective

60-90 Moderate

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