Chemical Carcinogenesis: Initiation, Promotion and Progression
Chemical Carcinogenesis: Initiation, Promotion and Progression
NST110, Toxicology Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology
University of California, Berkeley
Characteristics of Cancer
Initiation (irreversible)
Promotion
More
(reversible)
mutations
Progression
(irreversible)
malignant metastases
Different Steps of Carcinogenesis
Initiation: Mutation in one or more cellular genes controlling key regulatory pathways of the cell (irreversible)--must be a heritable DNA alteration.
Promotion: selective growth enhancement induced in the initiated cell and its progeny by the continuous exposure to a promoting agent.
Progression: results from continuing evolution of unstable chromosomes; further mutations from genetic instability during promotion--results in further degrees of independence, invasiveness, metastasis, etc.
Initiation
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