SQUAD AUTOMATIC WEAPON M249 - Archive

FM 23-14

SQUAD AUTOMATIC WEAPON (SAW),

M249

DECEMBER 1985

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION. This publication contains technical or operational information that is for official government use only. Distribution is limited to US government agencies. Requests from outside the US government for release of this

publication under the Freedom of Information Act or the Foreign Military Sales Program

must be made to Commander. TRADOC. Fort Monroe, VA 23651-5000.

HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

FIELD MANUAL

No. 23-14

FM 23-14

HEADQUARTERS

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

Washington, DC, 10 December 1985

SQUAD AUTOMATIC WEAPON (SAW), M249

Preface

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION

1 -1 . Employment

1-2. Description

CHAPTER 2.

DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY

2- 1. General Disassembly 2-2. General Assembly

2- 3. Detailed Disassembly and Assembly

(Unit Armorer)

CHAPTER 3. CHAPTER 4.

OPERATION AND CYCLE OF FUNCTIONING

3-1. Operation 3-2. Loading

3-3. Unloading and Clearing 3-4. Cycle of Functioning 3-5. Sequence of Functioning

PERFORMANCE PROBLEMS, MAINTENANCE, AND DESTRUCTION

4-1 Malfunctions .

4-2. Stoppages 4-3. Immediate Action 4-4. Remedial Action 4-5. Maintenance and Inspection 4-6. Cleaning and Lubrication 4-7. Procedures

4-8. Maintenance Under NBC Conditions

4-9. Destruction

CHAPTER 5.

TECHNIQUES OF FIRE

DURING GOOD VISIBILITY

Section I, Fundamentals and Firing Techniques

5-1 . Characteristics of Fire

6-2. Classes of Fire

5-3. Range Determination 6-4. Lateral Distance Measure

PAGE

Iv

1

1 1

7 7 14

16

20 20

20 22 22 23

25

25 26 28 29 30 32 33 34 34

35 35 36 36 39

41

i

FM 23-14

Section II. Fire Control Requirements

5-5. Methods of Fire Control

5-6. Purpose of Fire Commands

Section III. Principles of Application of Fire

5-7. Types of Targets

5-8. Methods of Application of Fire

-- 5-9. Terget Engagement Direct Ley

5-10. Deep Targets

5-1 1 . Herd-to-ldentify Deep Targets 5-12. Linear Targets with Depth

5-13. AreaTergets

5-14. Assault Fire Requirements

5-15. Assault Fire Positions

5-16. Movement, Speed, and Alignment

5-17. Reloading

6-18. Fire Adjustment

?

5-1 9. Fire Distribution

5-20. Overhead Fire

6-21 . Defilade Positions

5- 22. Engagement

-

SAW 6-23. Laying the

for Direction

SAW 5-24. Laying the

for Elevation

5-25. Controlling Fire

CHAPTER 6.

TECHNIQUES OF FIRE DURING LIMITED VISIBILITY

6-1. Terminology

6-2. Engagement of Visible Targets

6-3. Various Targets

6-4. Predetermined Fires

CHAPTER 7.

MARKSMANSHIP TRAINING

7-1. Phases and Organization

7-2. Objectives

7-3. Dry-Fire Exercises

7-4. Fire Commands

??

7-6. Target Analysis and Scoring

7-6. Obtaining an Accurate Initial Burst

7-7. Distribution of Fire

7-8. Observation and Adjustment of Fire

7-9. Range Configurations

7-10. Qualification Firing

7-11. Qualification Standards

7-12. Utilization Training

PAGE

43 43 44 52

...52

53 55 57 58 59 *0

61 81

64 86 65 65 65 67 6B 68 68 68

70

-70 71 71

72

.76

76 76 77 79 79

81

86 86 87

91

93 83

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FM 23-14

APPENDIX A.

PAGE

QUALIFICATION TRAINING PROGRAM

97

A-1. Areas

97

-- A-2. Period 1 Introduction |3-Hour Period)

97

-- A-3. Period 2 Preliminary Marksmanship Training

and Dry-Fire (3-Hour Period)

98

-- A-4. Period 3 Proficiency (Performance)

Examination (1 -Hour Period)

99

-- A-5. Period 4 Ten-Meter Practice and

-- Qualification (4-Hour Period)

A-6. Period 5 Transition Range Practice Record

99

Qualification Firing (4-Hour Period)

-- A-7. Period 6 Transition Range Qualification

100

Firing (4-Hour Period)

100

APPENDIX B.

PROFICIENCY (PERFORMANCE

EXAMINATION

B-1. Dry-Fire Proficiency Examination B-2. Tasks

102

102 103

APPENDIX C.

AMMUNITION

C-1 . Classification C-2. Identification C-3. Storage

C-4. Care, Handling, and Preservation

C-5. Packaging

108

1 08 109 109 ' 109 110

APPENDIX D. SAFETY

111

D-1 . Safety Precautions

Ill

D-2. Range Procedures

Ill

APPENDIX E.

M249 SAW IN AIR DEFENSE

E-1. Passive and Active Measures E-2. Rules of Engagement

E-3. Firing Position

APPENDIX F

References

Index

114

114 116 116

116

119

120

iii

FM 23-14

Preface

This manual is intended to provide technical information, training techniques, and guidance on the squad automatic weapon. Unit leaders and the designated

gunners will find this information invaluable in their efforts to successfully

integrate this automatic weapon into their combat operations.

The tactical positions shown in this manual are nottactically correct, butwere drawn to enhance the reader's understanding of related subject material.

Unless otherwise stated, whenever the masculine gender is used, both men and women are included.

The proponent of this publication is HQ TRADOC. Submit changes for improving this publication on DA Form 2028 (Recommended Changes to

Publications and Blank Forms) and forward it to Commandant, US Army Infantry School, ATTN: ATSH-IN-2B-C, Fort Benning, GA 31905-5593.

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