NAME ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE

[Pages:16]EYE EXPRESSIONS

NAME Frontalis

1

Corrugator supercilii

2

ORIGIN

INSERTION

ACTION

NERVE

galea aponeurotica skin of eyebrows and ? raises the eyebrows

Facial

root of nose

? wrinkles the forehead

horizontally

1

arch of frontal bone skin of eyebrow

? draws eyebrows medially Facial

above nasal bone

and inferiorly

2

? wrinkles the forehead

4

vertically (frowning)

Levator palpebrae superioris tendinous band

upper eyelid

around optic foramen

3

(near annular ring)

? raises eyelids

Oculomotor

Orbicularis oculi

4

frontal and mazillary bones and ligaments around orbit

tissue of eyelid

? blinking ? squinting ? draws eyebrows inferi-

orly

Facial

EYEBALL MOVERS

NAME Superior rectus

5

Inferior rectus

6

Medial rectus

7

Lateral rectus

8

Superior oblique

9

Inferior oblique

10

ORIGIN annular ring

INSERTION superior eyeball

ACTION ? elevates the eye

NERVE Oculomotor

annular ring

inferior eyeball

? depresses the eye

Oculomotor

annular ring

medial eyeball

? moves the eye medially Oculomotor

annular ring

lateral eyeball

? moves the eye laterally Abducens

annular ring

superior lateral eye- ? depresses the eye & turns Trochlear

ball via trochlea

it laterally

medial orbit surface inferolateral eye surface

? elevates the eye & turns it Ocolomotor laterally

9 5

8

6 10

9 7

5 8

NAME Levator labii superioris

11

Zygomaticus minor

12

ORIGIN

zygomatic bone & infraorbital margin of maxilla

INSERTION

skin & muscle of upper lip

zygomatic bone

skin & muscle @ corner of mouth

ACTION ? raises & furrows the up-

per lip

? raises lateral corners of mouth (smiling)

NERVE Facial

Facial

Zygomaticus major

zygomatic bone

skin & muscle @

? raises lateral corners of Facial

corner of mouth

mouth (smiling)

11

13

Risorius

12

13

15

lateral facia assoc. skin @ angle of

? draws corner of lip later- Facial

14

with masseter muscle mouth

ally

14

? tense of lips

? synergist of zygomaticus

Buccinator

15

molar region of max- orbicularis oris illa and mandible

? draws corner of mouth laterally

? compresses cheek (sucking)

? holds food between teeth during chewing

Facial

Depressor anguli oris

16

body of mandible below incisors

skin & muscle @ angle of mouth (below insertion of zygomaticus)

? draws corner of mouth laterally & downward

? antagonist of zygomaticus

Facial

Depressor labii inferioris

17

body and mandible skin & muscle of lateral to its midline lower lip

? draws lower lip inferiorly Facial (pout)

MOUTH MOVERS

Orbicularis oris

18

Platysma

19

arises directly from encircles mouth;

? closes lips

Facial

maxilla & mandible inserts into muscle ? purses and protrues lips

18

& skin @ angles of ? kissing & whistling

17

mouth

16

fascia of chest (over lower margin of

? depresses mandible

Facial

19

pectoral muscle & mandible, and skin & ? pulls lower lip back &

deltoid)

muscle @ corner of

down

mouth

TONGUE MOVERS

MANDIBLE MOVERS

NAME Masseter

20

Temporalis

21

Medial pterygoid

22

Lateral pterygoid

23

NAME Genioglossus

24

Styloglossus

25

Hyoglossus

26

ORIGIN

zygomatic arch and maxilla

INSERTION

angle & ramus of mandible

temporal fossa

coronoid process of mandible

medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone, maxilla & palatine bone

medial surface of mandible near its angle

ACTION

? prime mover of jaw closure

? elevates mandible

NERVE Trigeminal

? closes jaw ? elevates & retracts man-

dible ? synergist of pterygoids ? maintains position of

mandible at rest

?synergist of temporalis & masseter in elevation of the mandible

? act with lateral pterygoid muscle to protrude mandible of to promote side-to-side movements (grinding)

Trigeminal Trigeminal

greater wing & lateral condyle of mandible

pterygoid plate of

and capsule of tem-

sphenoid bone

poromandibular joint

? protrudes mandible ? provides forward sliding

and side-to-side grinding movements of the lower teeth

Trigeminal

ORIGIN internal surface of mandible near symphysis

styloid process of temporal bone

INSERTION inferior aspect of the tongue and body of hyoid bone

lateral inferior aspect of tongue

ACTION

? primarily protrudes tongue

? can depress or act in concert with other extrinsic muscles to retract tongue

? retracts (& elevates) tongue

NERVE Hypoglossal

Hypoglossal

24

body & greater horn inferolateral tongue ? depresses tongue & draws Hypoglossal

of hyoid bone

its sides downward

21 20

23 22

25 26

NAME Digastric

27

ORIGIN

lower margin of mandible (anterior belly) & mastoid process of the temporal bone (posterior belly)

INSERTION

ACTION

by a connective tissue loop to hyoid bone

? acting in concert, elevate hyoid bone & steady it during swallowing & speech

? acting from behind, open mouth & depress mandible

NERVE

Mandibular branch of trigeminal (anterior belly) Facial (posterior belly)

Stylohyoid

styloid process of

hyoid bone

? elevates & retracts hyoid Facial

29

temporal bone

-> elongate floor of

27

28

mouth during swallowing

34

31

Mylohyoid

medial surface of

hyoid bone & medial ? elevates hyoid bone & Mandibular

mandible

raphe

floor of mouth, enabling branch of tri-

29

tongue to exert backward geminal

33

32

& upward pressure for

swallowing

Geniohyoid

30

inner surface of mandible

hyoid bone & medial raphe

? pulls hyoid bone su-

First cervial

periorly & anteriorly, spinal nerve

shortening floor of mouth via hypoglossal

and widening pharynx nerve

for receiving food

Sternohyoid

31

manubrium & medial lower margin of hyoid ? depresses larynx & hyoid Cervical spinal

end of clavicle

bone

bone if mandible is fixed nerves 1-3

? may also flex skull

SWALLOWING MUSCLES

Sternothyroid

32

posterior surface of manubrium

thyroid cartilage

? pulls thyroid cartilage (plus larynx & hyoid) inferiorly

Cervical spinal nerves 1-3

Omohyoid

33

superior surface of scapula

hyoid bone, lower border

? depresses & retracts hyoid bone

Cervical spinal nerves 1-3

28

Thyrohyoid

thyroid cartilage

hyoid bone

? depresses hyoid bone

First cervical

30

? elevates larynx if hyoid nerve via hypo-

34

34

is fixed

glossal

NAME Sternocleidomastoid

35

ORIGIN

INSERTION

manubrium of ster- mastoid process of

num & medial portion temporal bone &

of clavicle

superior nuchal line

of occipital bone

ACTION

? prime mover of active head flexion (when act together)

? rotates head toward opposite side (when act singularly

NERVE Accesory nerve

35

Splenius (capitis)

36

ligamentum nuchae, mastoid process of ? extend or hyperextend Cervical spinal

spinous process of temporal bone & oc- head when act together nerves (dorsal

vertebrae C7-T6

cipital bone (capitis) ? rotate and bend head lat- rami)

erally toward same side

when act on one side

36

WHOLE HEAD MOVERS

Semispinalis capitis

transverse process of occipital bone (ca- ? extends head and move it Spinal nerves

C7-T12

pitis)

to opposite side

(dorsal rami)

37

? synergist with sterno-

cleidomastoid of oppo-

site side

37

TORSO EXTENDERS

NAME Erector spinae

Iliocostalis

38-A

Erector spinae Longissimus

38-B

Erector spinae Spinalis

38-C

Quadratus lumborum

39

ORIGIN

iliac crests (luborum) inferior 6 ribs (thoracis) ribs 3-6 (cervicis)

INSERTION

ACTION

angle of ribs (luborum ? extend vertebral column,

& thoracis)

maintain posture

cervical vertebrae C6- ? bend vertebral column to

C4 (cervicis)

same side when act on

one side

NERVE

Spinal nerves (dorsal rami)

transverse process of lumbar through cervical vertebrae

transverse process of thoracic or cervical vertebrae and to ribs superior to origin; mastoid process for capitis

? thoracis & cervicis act to- Spinal nerves gether to extend vertebral (dorsal rami) column

? act on one side, bend it laterally

? capitis extends heads and turns the face toward same side

spines of upper lumbat & lower thoracic vertebrae

spines of upper thoracic & cervical vertebrae

? extends vertebral column Spinal nerves (dorsal rami)

iliac crest & lumbar fascia

transverse process of ? flexes vertebral column T12 & upper

upper lumbar verte-

laterally when alone

brae & lower margin ? when together extends

lumber spinal nerves (ventral 39

of 12th rib

lumbar spine & fixes

rami)

12th rib

? maintains upright posture

? assists in forced breathing

38-C 38-B 38-A

BREATHING MUSCLES

NAME External intercostals

40

ORIGIN

inferior border of rib above

INSERTION

superior border of rib below

ACTION

? elevate rib cage, aids in inspiration

? synergist of diaphragm

NERVE Intercostal

Internal intercostals

41

superior border of rib below

inferior border (costal groove) of rib above

? depress rib cage, aid in forced expiration

? antagonist of external intercostals

Intercostal

41

Diaphragm

42

inferior, internal

central tendon

surface of rib cage &

sternum, costal carti-

lages of last six ribs &

lumbar vertebrae

? prime mover of inspiration, flattens on contraction

Phrenic

40 42

PELVIC FLOOR MUSCLES

ABDOMINAL MUSCLES

NAME Rectus Abdominis

43

External oblique

44

Internal oblique

45

Transverse abdominis

46

NAME Levator ani

47

Coccygeus

48

ORIGIN

pubic crest & symphysis

INSERTION

xyphoid process & costal cartilages of ribs 5-7

ACTION

? flex & rotate lumbar region of vertebral column

? fix & depress ribs ? stabilize pelvis during

walking ? increase intra-abdominal

pressure

NERVE Intercostals

outer surface of lower 8 ribs

linea alba via aponeurosis

? when together, synergist to rectus abdominis, flex vertebral column & compress abdominal wall

? when alone, synergist to muscles of back, roate & lateral flexion of trunk

Intercostals

lumbar fascia, iliac linea alba, pubic

crest, & inguinal liga- crest, last 3 or 4 ribs,

ment

& costal margin

? same as external oblique

Intercostals

inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia, cartilages of last 6 ribs, iliac crest

linea alba, pubic crest ? compresses abdominal contents

Intercostals

46 45 44

45

43

43

46

44

ORIGIN

inside pevis from pubis to ischial spine

INSERTION

inner surface of coccyx

spine of ischium

sacrum & coccyx

ACTION

? supports & maintains pelvic viscera

? resists downward thrusts ? forms sphincters at ano-

rectal junction & vagina ? lifts anal canal during

defecation

? supports pelvic viscera ? supports coccyx & pulls

it forward

NERVE S4 & inferior rectal

S4 & S5

48 47

47 47

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