Muscular System 9 – 10



Muscular System 9 – 10

1. First, identify the structures described in Column A by matching them with the terms in Column B. Enter the correct letters in the answer blanks. Then, select a different color for each of the terms in Column B that has a color-coding circle and color the structures in on Figure 9-1.

Column A Column B

_____ 1. Connective tissue surrounding a fascicle a. fiber

_____ 2. Connective tissue ensheathing the entire muscle b. myofibril

_____ 3. Contractile unit of muscle c. sarcolemma

_____ 4. A muscle cell d. endomysium

_____ 5. Thin connective tissue investing each muscle cell e. perimysium

_____ 6. Plasma membrane of the muscle cell f. sarcomere

_____ 7. A long, filamentous organelle found within muscle cells g. myofilament

that has a banded appearance

_____ 8. Actin or myosin-containing structure h. fasicle

_____ 9. Cordlike extension of connective tissue beyond the i. sarcoplasm

muscle, serving to attach it to the bone

_____ 10. A discrete bundle of muscle cells j. epimysium

k. tendon

Figure 9-1

2. Figure 9-2 is a diagrammatic representation of a small portion of a relaxed muscle cell (bracket indicates the portion enlarged). First, select different colors for the structures listed below. Use them to color the coding circles and corresponding structures on figure 9-2. Then bracket and label an A band, and I band, and a sarcomere.

Myosin Actin filaments Z-line

Figure 9-2

3. Several criteria are applied to the naming of muscles. These are provided in the key choices. Identify which ones pertain to the muscles listed here and enter the correct letter(s) in the answer blanks.

a. location of the muscle’s origin and/or insertions _____ 1. gluteus maximus

b. location of muscle relative to a bone or body region _____ 2. adductor magnus

c. number of origins _____ 3. biceps femoris

d. relative size of the muscle _____ 4. abdominis transverses

e. action of the muscle _____ 5. extensor carpi ulnaris

f. shape of muscle _____ 6. trapezius

g. directon in which the muscle fibers run relative to _____ 7. rectus femoris

some imaginary line

_____ 8. external oblique

Muscles of the Head and Neck

4. Name the major muscles described here. Select a different color for each muscle listed and color in the coding circle and corresponding muscles on Figure 10-1.

____________________________ Used in smiling

____________________________ Used to suck in your cheeks

____________________________ Used in winking and blinking

____________________________ Used to form the horizontal frown cease on the forehead or

to raise your eyebrows

____________________________ The “kissing” muscle

____________________________ Prime mover of jaw closure

____________________________ Synergist muscle for jaw closure, elevates and retracts mandible

____________________________ Prime mover of head flexion; a two-headed muscle

Figure 10-1

5. Name the anterior trunk muscles described here. Then, for each muscle name that has a color coding circle, select a different color for the coding circle and corresponding muscle on Figure 10-2.

_____________________________ Acting alone, each muscle of this pair turns the head toward the opposite shoulder

_____________________________ Prime mover for shoulder abduction

_____________________________ Prime mover for shoulder flexion and adduction

_____________________________ Part of the abdominal girdle; forms the external lateral walls

of the abdomen

_____________________________ A major spine flexor; the name means “straight muscle of the abdomen”

Figure 10-2

6. Name the posterior trunk muscles described here. Select a different color for each muscle with a coding circle and color the coding circles and corresponding muscles on Figure 10-3.

_____________________________ Muscle that adducts the shoulder and causes extension of the shoulder joint

_____________________________ Shoulder muscle that is the antagonist of the muscle just described

_____________________________ Muscle that allows you to shrug your shoulders or extend your head

Figure 10-3

Muscles of the Hip, Thigh, and Leg

7. Name the muscles described here. Select a different color for each muscle provided with a color-coding circle, and use it to color the coding circles and corresponding muscles on Figure 10-4. Complete the illustration by labeling those muscles provided with leader lines.

_____________________________ Smaller hip muscle commonly used as an injection site

_____________________________ Inverts and dorsiflexes the foot

_____________________________ “Toe dancer’s” muscle; a composite of two muscles

_____________________________ Muscle group the extends the thigh and flexes the knee

_____________________________ Muscle group that extends the knee

_____________________________ Used to extend the hip when climbing stairs; forms buttock

Figure 10-4

8. Name the muscles described here. Then select different colors for each muscle provided with a color-coding circle and use them to color in the coding circles and corresponding muscles on Figure 10-5.

______________________________ Muscle that extends the elbow

______________________________ Muscle that allows you to bend (flex) the elbow

______________________________ Powerful shoulder abductor, used to raise the arm overhead

Figure10-5

Developmental Aspects of the Muscular System

9. Complete the following statements concerning the embryonic development of muscles and their functioning throughout life. Insert your answers in the answer blanks.

__ quickening __________ 1. The first movement of the baby detected by the mother-to-be

is called the _1_.

_______________________ 2.

An important congential muscular disease that results in the

________________________ 3. degeneration of the skeletal muscles by young adulthood is called _2_.

________________________ 4.

Muscles will ordinarily stay healthy if they are _3_ regularly;

________________________ 5. without normal stimulation they _4_.

________________________ 6. With age, our skeletal muscles decrease in mass; this leads to a decrease in body _5_ and in muscle _6_. Muscle tissue

________________________ 7. that is lost is replaced by noncontractile _7_ tissue.

10. Complete the following chart on the major muscles of the body and their actions. Be sure to study this section for the test.

|Muscle |Action |

| |flexes thigh and extends lower leg |

| |extends foot |

| |puckers lips |

| |extends thigh |

| |abducts arm |

| |adducts arm |

| |adducts thigh |

| |flexes forearm |

| |flexes upper arm |

| |rotates trunk |

| |elevates shoulders |

| |flexes trunk |

| |closes eye |

| |extends forearm |

| |flexes foot |

| |flexes head toward chest |

| |flexes lower leg |

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