2020 World Steel in Figures

[Pages:17]2020 World Steel in Figures

Contents

Foreword

FOREWORD

3 Foreword 4 A healthy economy needs a healthy steel industry 6 Steel makes the future possible

CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION 7 World crude steel production, 1950 to 2019 8 Top steel-producing companies, 2019 9 Major steel-producing countries, 2018 and 2019 10 Crude steel production by process, 2019 11 Continuously-cast steel output, 2017 to 2019 12 Monthly crude steel production, 2016 to 2019

STEEL USE 14 Steel production and use: geographical distribution, 2009 15 Steel production and use: geographical distribution, 2019 16 Apparent steel use, 2013 to 2019 17 Apparent steel use per capita, 2013 to 2019

RAW MATERIALS 18 Pig iron, 2018 and 2019 19 Direct reduced iron production, 2012 to 2019 20 Iron ore, 2018 21 World iron ore trade by area, 2019 22 Trade in ferrous scrap, 2018 and 2019 23 World trade in ferrous scrap by area, 2019

TRADE 24 World trade in steel products, 1975 to 2019 24 World volume of trade, 2000 to 2019 25 World steel exports by product, 2014 to 2019 26 World trade in steel by area, 2019 27 Major importers and exporters of steel, 2019

INDIRECT TRADE 28 Indirect trade in steel, 2000 to 2018 28 Major indirect importers and exporters of steel, 2018 29 True steel use, 2012 to 2018 29 Apparent and true steel use per capita, 2018

For details on the notation used in this publication, please refer to page 30. Data finalised 30 April 2020.

2

As I write this, the steel industry around the world is grappling with the effects of COVID-19. The decline in global steel demand in the first half of 2020 is predictable but perhaps more painful as it came after slower than expected growth in 2019 due to the continuing manufacturing recession in the developed countries. However, it is possible that the impact on steel demand in the medium-term may turn out to be less severe than that seen during the global financial crisis in 2008/9. The steel industry remains at the core of a sustainable modern society and our products will form the basis for the economic recovery.

Meanwhile, the steel industry has reacted quickly and firmly, the health and safety of both our people and our customers being our top priority. The industry has put in hand all the required measures to protect people in plants and offices. Our plants have changed production to prioritise much needed equipment in the community from oxygen tanks to face masks to ventilators and the industry has made large donations to local hospitals and community support organisations. In these troubled times, we all pull together and support one another.

Dr Edwin Basson Director General

Key points from this report

A healthy economy needs a healthy steel industry.

Steel makes the future possible.

3

A healthy economy needs a healthy steel industry

Steel is essential to our society. As a permanent material which can be recycled over and over again without losing its properties, steel is also fundamental to a successful circular economy. From transport systems, infrastructure and housing, to manufacturing, agriculture or energy, the industry is continuing to expand its offer of advanced highstrength steels which reduce the weight of applications and encourage circular economy practices.

For society, the benefits include durable products, local jobs, reduced emissions and the conservation of raw materials for future generations.

What makes up our steel use

10% 5%

BUILDING & INFRASTRUCTURE

52%

2% 3%

OTHER TRANSPORT

METAL PRODUCTS

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

DOMESTIC APPLIANCES

AUTOMOTIVE

MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT

16%

4

12%

5

Steel makes the future possible

World crude steel production 1950 to 2019

Steel will continue to be the backbone and enabler of society's evolution and progress. It will make the world a better place to live. Tomorrow's smart cities will be built on steel. As an infinitely recyclable and reusable asset, using steel helps to reduce the burden on the Earth's resources.

6

million tonnes, crude steel production

Years 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995

World 189 270 347 456 595 644 717 719 770 753

Years 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

World 850 852 905 971

1 063 1 148 1 250 1 348 1 343 1 239

Years 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

World 1 433 1 538 1 560 1 650 1 671 1 621 1 629 1 732 1 814 1 869

million tonnes, crude steel production

1 800 1 600 1 400 1 200 1 000

800

Average growth rates % per annum

Years

World

195 0 -55

7.4

1955 - 6 0

5.1

19 6 0 - 65

5.6

1965-70

5.5

1970 -75

1.6

1975-80

2.2

19 8 0 - 8 5

0.1

1985-90

1.4

19 9 0 - 95

-0.5

19 95 - 0 0

2.5

2000-05

6.2

2005-10

4.5

2010 -15

2.5

2015-19

3.6

600

400

200

0 1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

2010

7

Top steel-producing companies 2019

Major steel-producing countries 2018 and 2019

million tonnes, crude steel production

Rank

Company

1 ArcelorMittal(1)

Tonnage 97.31

2 China Baowu Group(2)

95.47

3 Nippon Steel Corporation(3) 51.68

4 HBIS Group(4)

46.56

5 POSCO

43.12

6 Shagang Group

41.10

7 Ansteel Group

39.20

8 Jianlong Group

31.19

9 Tata Steel Group

30.15

10 Shougang Group

29.34

11 Shandong Steel Group

27.58

12 JFE Steel

27.35

13 Valin Group

24.31

14 Nucor Corporation

23.09

15 Hyundai Steel

21.56

16 IMIDRO(5)

16.79

17 JSW Steel

16.26

18 SAIL

16.18

19 Benxi Steel

16.18

20 Fangda Steel

15.66

21 NLMK

15.61

22 Baotou Steel

15.46

23 China Steel Corporation

15.23

24 Techint Group

14.44

25 Liuzhou Steel

14.40

Rank

Company

26 Rizhao Steel

27 U. S. Steel Corporation

28 EVRAZ

29 CITIC Pacific

30 Gerdau

31 Jingye Steel

32 MMK

33 Shaanxi Steel

34 Sanming Steel

35 thyssenkrupp

36 Zenith Steel

37 Severstal

38 Tsingshan Stainless(e)

39 Nanjing Steel

40 Taiyuan Steel

41 Anyang Steel

42 Metinvest Holding

43 Xinyu Steel

44 Donghai Special Steel

45 Jinxi Steel

46 Erdemir Group

47 Steel Dynamics, Inc.

48 Kunming Steel

49 SSAB

50 Jiuquan Steel

Tonnage 14.20 13.89 13.81 13.55 13.13 12.58 12.46 12.45 12.40 12.25 11.93 11.85 11.40 10.97 10.86 10.54 9.58 9.47 8.90 8.73 8.61 8.59 7.73 7.62 7.48

(e) = estimate

(1) Includes shares in AM/NS India and China Oriental (2) Includes tonnage of Maanshan Steel and Chongqing Steel (3) Includes tonnage of Nippon Steel Stainless Steel Corporation, Sanyo Special Steel, Ovako AB,

and shares in AM/NS India and USIMINAS (4) Includes tonnage of Serbia Iron & Steel d.o.o. Beograd and MAKSTIL A.D. in Macedonia (5) Combined tonnage of Mobarrakeh Steel, Esfahan Steel, Khuzestan Steel and NISCO

Notes on company ownership and tonnage calculations: For worldsteel members, the data was sourced from their official tonnage declarations. For Chinese companies, the official CISA tonnage publication was used, unless especially noted. Figures represent consolidated tonnage ending 31 December 2019, including interests in subsidiaries and joint ventures.

For an extended company listing go to steel-by-topic/statistics/top-producers.

8

million tonnes, crude steel production

Country

China India Japan United States Russia South Korea Germany Turkey Brazil Iran Italy Taiwan, China Ukraine Vietnam Mexico France Spain Canada Poland Saudi Arabia Belgium Austria Egypt United Kingdom Netherlands Indonesia(e) South Africa Australia Slovak Republic(e) Sweden Argentina Malaysia(e) Czech Republic Thailand Kazakhstan Finland Romania United Arab Emirates Pakistan Byelorussia Qatar Algeria(e) Luxembourg Portugal Oman(e) Serbia Hungary Switzerland(e) Philippines(e) Greece Others World

(e) = estimate

Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

2019 Tonnage 996.3 111.2 99.3 87.8 71.9 71.4 39.7 33.7 32.2 25.6 23.2 22.0 20.8 20.1 18.5 14.4 13.6 12.9 9.0 8.2 7.8 7.4 7.3 7.2 6.7 6.4 5.7 5.5 5.3 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.2 4.1 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.3 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.4 15.9 1 868.8

2018

Rank

Tonnage

1

920.0

2

109.3

3

104.3

4

86.6

6

72.1

5

72.5

7

42.4

8

37.3

9

35.4

10

24.5

11

24.5

12

23.2

13

21.1

15

15.5

14

20.2

16

15.4

17

14.3

18

13.4

19

10.2

20

8.2

21

8.0

24

6.9

22

7.8

23

7.3

25

6.8

28

6.2

27

6.3

29

5.7

30

5.2

34

4.7

31

5.2

36

4.1

32

4.9

26

6.4

37

4.0

35

4.1

38

3.5

39

3.2

33

4.7

41

2.5

40

2.6

42

2.3

43

2.2

44

2.2

45

2.0

47

2.0

46

2.0

48

1.5

49

1.5

50

1.5

15.9

1 813.6

9

Crude steel production by process, 2019

Austria Belgium(e) Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Finland(e) France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania(e) Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom European Union (28) Turkey Others Other Europe Russia(e) Ukraine Other CIS CIS Canada (e) Mexico United States NAFTA Argentina Brazil Chile Venezuela Others Central and South America Egypt(e) South Africa Other Africa(e) Africa Iran Saudi Arabia Other Middle East(e) Middle East China(e) India Japan South Korea Taiwan, China Other Asia(e) Asia Australia New Zealand Total of above countries

Million tonnes

7.4 7.8 0.6 0.1 4.4 3.5 14.4 39.7 1.4 1.8 23.2 2.1 6.7 9.0 2.0 3.4 5.3 0.6 13.6 4.7 7.2 158.8 33.7 5.2 39.0 71.9 20.8 8.0 100.7 12.9 18.5 87.8 119.1 4.6 32.2 0.9 0.1 3.9 41.8 7.3 5.7 3.8 16.7 25.6 8.2 10.4 44.2 996.3 111.2 99.3 71.4 22.0 40.9 1 341.1 5.5 0.7 1 867.5

Oxygen %

90.4 68.3

94.7 66.8 69.6 70.0 80.1 18.1 100.0 54.9 67.6 93.0 31.2 66.2 78.8 59.1 32.2 49.1 34.4 64.1 71.2 50.7 64.5 60.6 22.8 30.3 32.4 45.5 76.1 76.6 6.4 66.1 2.5 58.8 10.6 23.5 9.6 5.5 89.6 43.8 75.5 68.2 61.9 36.3 81.6 73.2 100.0 71.9

Electric % 9.6 31.7

100.0 100.0

5.3 33.2 30.4 30.0 100.0 19.9 81.9 100.0

45.1 100.0 32.4

7.0 100.0 68.8

33.8 21.2 40.9 67.8 50.9 65.6 33.6 5.8 49.3 29.0 39.4 77.2 69.7 67.6 54.5 22.2 23.4 100.0 93.6 32.6 97.5 41.2 89.4 76.5 90.4 100.0 100.0 94.5 10.4 56.2 24.5 31.8 38.1 63.7 18.4 26.8

27.7

Open hearth %

2.3 23.1 6.5 0.3

Other % -

1.7 -

1.3 -

0.0

Total %

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

The countries in this table accounted for approximately 99.9% of world crude steel production in 2019. (e) = estimate.

10

Continuously-cast steel output 2017 to 2019

Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Finland France Germany(e) Greece Hungary Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania(e) Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom European Union (28) Turkey Others Other Europe Russia(e) Ukraine Other CIS CIS Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Argentina Brazil Venezuela Other Latin America Central and South America Egypt(e) South Africa Other Africa(e) Africa Iran Saudi Arabia Other Middle East(e) Middle East China(e) India(e) Japan(e) South Korea Taiwan, China Other Asia(e) Asia Australia New Zealand

Total of above countries

Million tonnes

2017 2018 2019

7.8 7.8 0.7

4.2 4.0 15.0 41.3 1.4 1.9 22.7 2.2 6.8 9.9 2.1 3.3 5.0 0.5 14.2 4.1 7.4 162.2 37.5 4.7 42.2 58.6 10.8 8.3 77.7 10.3 20.0 81.3 111.6 4.6 34.1 0.4 4.9 44.0 6.9 6.3 1.6 14.8 21.2 4.8 8.4 34.5 860.0 87.4 103.1 70.1 22.3 33.8 1 176.7 5.3 0.7

6.6 8.0 0.7 0.1 4.6 4.1 14.9 41.2 1.5 2.0 23.2 2.2 6.8 9.9 2.2 3.5 5.2 0.5 14.1 3.9 7.1 162.4 37.3 5.1 42.4 59.2 11.4 7.8 78.3 10.5 20.2 85.0 115.7 5.1 34.7 0.1 4.9 44.8 7.8 6.3 3.5 17.6 24.5 8.2 10.3 43.0 906.3 95.2 102.7 71.5 23.1 39.2 1 238.0 5.7 0.7

7.1 7.8 0.6 0.1 4.3 3.5 14.0 38.5 1.4 1.8 22.0 2.1 6.7 8.8 2.0 3.4 5.3 0.5 13.4 3.9 7.1 154.0 33.7 5.2 39.0 59.1 11.3 7.9 78.3 10.1 18.5 87.5 116.1 4.6 31.6 0.1 4.8 41.1 7.3 5.6 3.8 16.6 25.6 8.2 10.4 44.2 981.4 97.0 97.7 70.4 22.0 40.9 1 309.3 5.5 0.7

1 669.6 1 748.7 1 804.7

% Crude steel output

2017 2018 2019

96.3 100.0 100.0

92.8 99.6 97.0 95.4 100.0 100.0 94.7 100.0 100.0 95.6 99.0 97.6 100.0 80.3 98.3 83.8 98.2 96.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 82.0 50.4 99.9 76.8 78.2 100.0 99.6 97.2 99.7 97.9 100.0 100.0 98.4 100.0 100.0 99.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.9 100.0 98.8 86.1 98.5 98.7 99.6 100.0 97.7 100.0 100.0

95.7 100.0 100.0 100.0

95.3 99.6 97.0 97.1 100.0 100.0 94.7 100.0 100.0 97.2 100.0 97.6 100.0 80.8 98.3 83.1 98.3 96.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 82.0 54.0 99.9 77.5 78.1 100.0 98.2 96.2 99.7 97.9 100.0 100.0 98.4 100.0 100.0 99.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 98.5 87.1 98.5 98.6 99.6 100.0 97.6 100.0 100.0

96.1 100.0 100.0 100.0

96.6 99.5 97.2 97.1 100.0 100.0 94.7 100.0 100.0 98.1 100.0 97.7 100.0 80.2 98.3 83.0 98.5 97.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 82.2 54.0 99.5 77.7 78.2 100.0 99.7 97.5 99.7 98.0 100.0 100.0 98.4 100.0 98.7 99.9 99.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 98.5 87.1 98.4 98.6 100.0 100.0 97.6 100.0 100.0

96.5

96.5

96.6

The countries in this table accounted for approximately 99.9% of world crude steel production in 2019. (e) = estimate

11

Monthly crude steel production 2016 to 2019

million tonnes

Total 65 reporting countries*

117700

aaccttuuaallddaattaa

ddeesseeaassoonnaalilsiseeddddaattaa

116600

115500

114400

113300

112200

22001166

22001177

22001188

22001199

European Union (28)

1166 aaccttuuaallddaattaa

1155

ddeesseeaassoonnaalilsiseeddddaattaa

1144

1133

1122

1111

1100

22001166

22001177

22001188

CIS (6)

99.0.0

22001199

88.5.5

88.0.0

aaccttuuaallddaattaa

ddeesseeaassoonnaalilsiseeddddaattaa

77.5.5

22001166

22001177

22001188

22001199

*The 65 reporting countries Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Byelorussia, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Libya, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Mexico, Moldova, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, China, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, and Vietnam.

In 2019, these 65 countries accounted for approximately 99% of world crude steel production.

12

million tonnes

NAFTA

1111

aaccttuuaallddaattaa

1100

ddeesseeaassoonnaalilsiseeddddaattaa

99

88

22001166

22001177

22001188

Central and South America

44.5.5

aaccttuuaallddaattaa

ddeesseeaassoonnaalilsiseeddddaattaa

44.0.0

33.5.5

33.0.0

Japan

99.5.5

22001166

aaccttuuaallddaattaa

99.0.0

88.5.5

88.0.0

77.5.5

China

9900

22001166

aaccttuuaallddaattaa

8800

7700

6600

5500

22001166

22001177

22001188

ddeesseeaassoonnaalilsiseeddddaattaa

22001177

22001188

ddeesseeaassoonnaalilsiseeddddaattaa

22001177

22001188

22001199

22001199 22001199

22001199

13

Steel production and use: geographical distribution 2009

Steel production and use: geographical distribution 2019

Crude steel production World total: 1239 million tonnes

Crude steel production World total: 1869 million tonnes

Other Asia 6.8%

Other Asia 6.8%

Japan 7.1%

IndJaiapan 5.1%7.1%

India 5.1%

Others 6.3%

Others 6.3%

Other Asia

6.8% Other Europe

OEUth(e2r8A) sia

O2th.3e%rs 6.3%

EU (28)

116.3.8%% Other Europe11.3%

EU (28) 11J.a3p%an

O2th.3e%rs

6.3% EU (28)

CIS

11.3%

7.1%

7.9%

IndJaiapan 5.1%7.1%

India 5.1%

CIS 7N.9A%FTA

6.7%

NAFTA 6.7%

Other Asia Other Europe 7.3%

2.3%

Other Asia Other Europe 7.3%

2.3%

Japan

CIS

5.3%

7.9%

CIS 7N.9A%FTA

6.7%

InJdaipaan 6.05%.3%

India

NAFTA

6.0%

6.7%

Other AsiaOther Europe

Others 5.8%

Others 5.8%

OEEtI88UUhn77..JJed55..5((aa3322r%%i.ppa%%388Aaa%))snniaO55tCC..hN44II6eSS%%A22.rOO4..F1155E%ttT%%..uhh88Aree%%orrpss e

EU (28) 8.5%

EU (28) 8.5%

6.05%.3%

NAFTA

India

6.4%

6.0%

Other Europe 2.1%

Other Europe CIS2.1% 5.4%

5C.N4I6S%A.4F%TA

NAFTA 6.4%

Others comprise: Africa Middle East

China 46.6%

China 46.6%

China 46.6%

China 46.6%

1.2% 1.4%

Central and South America 3.1% Australia and New Zealand 0.5%

China 53.3%

China 53.3%

Others comprise: Africa Middle East

0.9% 2.4%

China 53.3% China 53.3%

Central and South America 2.2% Australia and New Zealand 0.3%

Apparent steel use (finished steel products)

World total: 1153 million tonnes

Other Asia O9t.3h%er JapanAsia 4.6%9.3%

JIanpdaian 45.60%

Others 10.3%

Others 10.3%

Other Europe

2.0%

EU (28) Others EU (28)

10.5% Ot1h0e.3r%EurCoIpSe 10.5%

EU O(2t8h)er

2.0%3.2% Others EU (28)

10.5A%sia 10.3% CIS 10.5%

O9t.3h%er NAFTA 3.2%

JapanAsia 7.3%

4.6%9.3%

JIanpdaian 45..60%%

NAFTA 7.3%

India 5.0%

India 5.0%

Other Europe 2.0%

Other EurCoIpSe 2.0%3.2%

JapCaISn NAFTA33..62%% 7.3% Japan NAFTA3.6% 7.3%

Apparent steel use (finished steel products)

World total: 1767OmtheirllEiuoronpetonnesOther Europe

1.9%

1.9%

Others

7.6%

Other Asia O9t.9h%er

Others 7J.a6p%an 3.6%

Asia India 9.9%

Japan 3.6%

5.7%

EU (28) OtherOEuthroerpCseIS EU (28) Other EuropCeIS

9.0%

1.97%.6%3.3% 9.0%

1.9% 3.3%

E9U.0(2%8OO)9Att.9shhi%eearrNAO7Ft.Th6Ae%3rC.s3IS%

EU (28) 9.0%

CIS 3.3% NAFTA

Asia 7.6%

7.6%

India 9.9% NAFTA

NAFTA

5.7%

7.6%

7.6%

India 5.7%

India 5.7%

China 47.8%

China 47.8%

China 47.8%

China 47.8%

China 51.3%

China 51.3%

China 51.3%

China 51.3%

Others comprise: Africa Middle East

14

2.8% 4.0%

Central and South America 3.0% Australia and New Zealand 0.5%

Others comprise: Africa Middle East

2.1% 2.8%

Central and South America 2.4 % Australia and New Zealand 0.4%

15

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