A new threat in the fight to save the Yanzi River Dolphin



GEOGRAPHY 111 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDELike the two previous tests, the final will again involve maps, multiple choice questions, and matching. Be sure to know:current events since the most recent examapply geographic examples of terms, ideas and concepts the extremes: the most, the biggest, the best examples of, etc. connect the “themes” of the course to one another, e.g. how do globalization, colonialism, economic activities, birth rate, population pyramids, the demographic transition model, etc. relate to one another?Geography: What is Geography and why does it matter?Space vs. PlaceMaps:Geographic Grid:Latitude / Parallels and Longitude / MeridiansDegrees, Minutes, and SecondsEquator, Prime Meridian, and the International Date LineGreenwich Mean Time (GMT)*Know how to find a location on a map using latitude and longitudeMap Projections: Descriptions, Purposes, Limitations, Pros and Cons, Core vs. Periphery perspectivesMercatorGoode’s HomolosinePetersRobinsonTypes of Maps:ChoroplethIsometricSymbolicMentalCartogramGlobalization:What is it?How does globalization work? (e.g. who supplies the labor? The money? Examples of each, etc.)Roles within Globalization: CoreSemi-PeripheryPeripheryGDP vs. “GDP per capita”Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) and how it connects to the “Big Mac Index”Core vs. Semi-Periphery vs. Periphery countries: where and what are significant examples of each?China—why is it in its own category?Rich vs. Poor Gap: Widening vs. Everyone ImprovingGlobalization: Major historical events / periods in the history of globalizationEuropean ColonialismEstablishment of current globalization modelExtraction of raw materials / export of goods from periphery countriesUse of cheap labor (slavery) in these peripheral regions to extract and / or produce these goodsMajority of the value of products leaves the periphery and flows to core“The Golden Rule”Most of the world outside of Europe was a colony at one point or anotherRelationship between Colonialism and the Core-Periphery model todayCan the US be considered a colonial power? If so, how so?(Formal) Colonialism vs. (Informal) Neo-ColonialismHow do they differ?Environmental Determinism and Racism: Torrid, Temperate, Frigid ZonesHow does race / ethnicity play into environmental determinism—and colonialism?“Modern” Globalization: When did it “begin?”—and why?Role of Multinational Corporations (MNCs) / Transnational Corporations (TNCs)Why did MNCs / TNCs begin to appear in larger numbers around the beginning of the 20th century?How did the end of slavery, the Industrial Revolution, and the rise in MNCs / TNCs all work together to increase globalization?What is the appeal of MNCs / TNCs (as compared to invading a country for cheap labor, for example)? “First World” vs. “Second World” vs. “Third World” vs. “Fourth World”“Global North” vs. “Global South” “World Village:” General concept, general trends20% of population (Core) owns / controls / consumes / has access to 80% of resourcesMost people (80%) live in the periphery and semi-periphery / former coloniesMost people are poor and / or low income earnersGEOGRAPHIES OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND URBANIZATION: CHAPTERS 8 and 11Economics: Uneven at All ScalesWhy is GDP per capita perhaps not a good measure of individual wealth in most countries?How is using GDP per capita to measure wealth a colonial form of thinking?Economic Activities:Primary activities: examples and general locations (why there?)Connection to industrial revolutionResource DependencyWhy is resource dependency problematic?Secondary activities: examples and locations (why there?)Current status of secondary activity jobs in core countriesAgglomeration / “Economies of Scale”Agglomeration DiseconomiesCan also become resource dependentDecline of industrial jobs in the Core since WWII: Why?U.S. “Industrial Belt vs. Rust Belt”U.S. Auto Industry / Detroit:Current job / financial situation and whyIs this good or bad—and for whom?Future?Free Trade Zones: EPZ’s, FTZ’s, SEZ’s, MaquiladorasWhat are they, where are they located—and why there?Why do they exist?ExamplesWhy the controversy?EPZ’s, etc., take priority over local and national lawsLower wages and lower taxesWeaker environmental / working condition laws“Race to the Bottom”Tertiary Activities: examples and locations (why there?)India: Why call centers there?Quaternary Activities: examples and locations (why there?)Economic GlobalizationWhat does “from below” mean, how does “from below” operate? ExamplesNon-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)“Fair Trade” Organizations“Grassroots” OrganizationsWhat are some of the limitations of globalization “from below?”What does “from above” mean, how does “from above” operate? Examples“Golden Rule” EconomicsEven though globalization “from above” is easier to enact, what are the potential issues with actions from above?Developmentalism: Purpose and theory behind itCritiques of itResults: Overurbanization: How / Why / Where it HappensMegacities: Where and why?High urban growth rates in the Periphery and Semi-PeripheryPeople leaving rural areas for the city—why?Issues with such high urban growth rates—and why?Favelas / Shantytowns / SlumsCase Study: Rio de Janeiro, BrazilWhat’s the current issue?Role of Olympics / (Men’s) World Cup (of soccer)How do developmentalism, overurbanization, and the Olympics / World Cup all collide in Rio?“Economic Inertia”Who is in the best position to change the inequality around the world?Is it likely this system will become more equal: why or why not?GEOGRAPHIES OF POPULATION / CHAPTER 3DemographyPopulation Density:General patterns—Highest population densities in:Europe, Asia, Eastern U.S.Near waterMore favorable climatesAlong transportation routesPopulation Distribution:DefinitionGeneral patterns: Where do most people live—and why?Where do the fewest people live—and why?Reasons why each of these categories varies from core to periphery:Birth Rate: where highest / lowest?Death Rate: where highest / lowest?Fertility Rate: where are the highest / lowest rates?Why is the idea of a woman of “childbearing age” not a specific number across the world?Infant Mortality Rate: where highest / lowest?Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)1st World vs. 2nd World vs. 3rd World vs. 4th World and respective RNIsRNI’s of Eastern Europe / former Communist countriesWhat is happening to the RNI in these countries?How does the RNI relate to the fall of Communism / Socialism? Doubling Time: For which category of countries does this matter most?Why does this matter to these countries?Rule of Seventy: How does it work?Can you calculate the Doubling Time if given an RNI% and vice-versa?Life Expectancy: where highest / lowest?Age Dynamics: Where would one find younger and older populations on Earth?Dependency RatioWhat does it mean and why does it matter?Issues facing PeripheryIssues facing Core / Impact of Baby BoomGraying of the CoreBaby Boom / Baby BustPopulation Momentum / EchoPopulation (age-sex) Pyramids—Recognize and interpret:Core vs. Semi-Periphery vs. PeripheryFormer Communist countriesDemographic Trends: Male vs. FemaleOlder / Middle / Younger populationsFast, Slow, or Negative Population GrowthBirth Rate, Death Rate, Life Expectancy, etc.Baby Booms and Baby Busts“Missing” populations: Evidence of War, infanticide, etc.Population MomentumPopulation Echo MigrationOther significant pyramid shapes, features, uniquities, etc.Demographic Transition:Know the theory / model / stages, including “Stage 5”What regions / countries of the world are most strongly identified with each stage?Identify which stage a country is in based on its relative birth and death ratesConnect population pyramids with stages of Demographic Transition modelThomas Malthus / Malthusian Theory: Overpopulation exceeds resourcesLeads to death, famine, diseaseApproximate world population todayExplanations for link between poverty and high population growth in the peripheryPolicies to lower birth rate:Forced: China Coercive population control One-child policy—current status?VoluntarySocialGEOGRAPHIES OF POPULATION II: MIGRATION / CHAPTER 3 (CONT’D)Geographic Bias / Eurocentric PerspectiveRace: Is “race” biological? Who created the idea of “race” in the U.S. and why does “race” exist?How does race connect to colonialism?Israel / Palestine ConflictPartition Plan (the “Two-State Solution”)What was its purpose and who does it affect?Who created it?What is the main (geographic) problem of its creation?What is the status of Jerusalem in this Partition Plan—and why?Why might the status of Jerusalem within the Partition Plan be problematic?Palestinian TerritoryHow has it changed over time?What two main regions do the Palestinians still populate to a large degree?Does the U.S. tend to side with Israel or Palestine more—and why?Why do both Israel and Palestine claim this territory is rightfully theirs?What is the difference between an Israeli and a Jewish person?Though many people view this conflict as a “religious” issue, how might it be viewed as a political issue, instead?How does the US’s recognition of Jerusalem as Israel’s capital further complicate an already complicated situation?Videos and Articles:Video: “Blood, Sweat, and T-Shirts”In what city and country does the film take place?Is this a core, periphery, or semi-periphery country?Are the jobs shown in the film good or bad and why?Is child-labor good or bad and why?What are the pros and cons of “fair trade?”Video: “The Dark Side of Chocolate”In what category of country (core, periphery, semi-periphery) exist the largest cacao producers?What country produces the most cocoa?In what category of country (core, periphery, semi-periphery) exist the largest chocolate consumers?What type of economic activity (primary, secondary, etc.) is cacao farming?What is the labor issue that relates to cacao harvesting?How does this video relate to globalization?Article: “AP Report on Slave-Peeled Shrimp Spurs Calls for Boycott”In the article, which country is being accused of harboring slaves?Is this a core, semi-periphery, periphery country?Why slaves?What type of economic activity (primary, secondary, etc.) is this?Which parties are responsible for this situation?Video: “Megacities: Favelas in Rio de Janeiro and the World Cup” Where is Rio de Janeiro?What are favelas?Why do they exist?What is the connection between developmentalism, globalization, megacities, the Olympics, and the demolition of favelas?Article: “Migrant Crisis”Which European country is receiving the greatest number of claims for asylum—and why?What is the most common route for these migrants / refugees to enter Europe—specifically entering Europe through which country?What country creates the primary link the between Syria and the Schengen Zone?What is the Schengen Zone?What is the most dangerous migration route to Europe—and why? ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download