Intimate Relationships and Families Sociology 103 v

Intimate Relationships and Families

Sociology 103 v.2

1|Intimate Relationships and Families ?SOCI 103

Written by Ron Hammond and Paul Cheney

Utah Valley University

CC-BY 4.0 License

Acknowledgements

We'd like to extend appreciation to the following people and organizations for allowing this textbook to be created:

California Community Colleges Chancellor's Office Chancellor Diane Van Hook

Santa Clarita Community College District College of the Canyons Distance Learning Office In providing content for this textbook, the following professionals and sources

were invaluable: Anne Laurel Marenco, Ph.D.,

Kathryn Coleman, MA, and Robert Wonser, MA

Contributions from Cecilia Gomez, Jennifer Jaworowski and Kristin Sanchez

Unless otherwise noted, the content in this textbook is licensed under CC BY 4.0

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Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction to Sociological Studies ....................................................................................... 7 Making Sense of Abstract Theories....................................................................................................... 7 Conflict Theory ...................................................................................................................................... 8 Structural Functionalism Theory........................................................................................................... 9 Symbolic Interactionism Theory ......................................................................................................... 10 Theories Developed for Understanding the Family ............................................................................ 12 Family Systems Theory........................................................................................................................ 12 Family Developmental Theory ............................................................................................................ 14 The Life Course Perspective ................................................................................................................ 15 Social Exchange Theory....................................................................................................................... 16 Ecological Theory ................................................................................................................................ 17 Feminist Family Theory ....................................................................................................................... 18

Chapter 2: Family Theories ..................................................................................................................... 21 Family Structures ................................................................................................................................ 21 Family Functions ................................................................................................................................. 22 Groups................................................................................................................................................. 25 Sociological Imagination ..................................................................................................................... 26 Family Research .................................................................................................................................. 29 Family Culture ..................................................................................................................................... 29 Opportunity......................................................................................................................................... 30 Demography........................................................................................................................................ 30

Chapter 3: Studying Marriages and Families .......................................................................................... 32 The Research Process2 ........................................................................................................................ 32 Sociologists Perform Survey Research ................................................................................................ 34 Surveys ................................................................................................................................................ 35 Ethics of Research ............................................................................................................................... 36 Family Research .................................................................................................................................. 37

Chapter 4: Family Strengths Ron Hammond and Paul Cheney-Utah Valley University .................... 39 Fostering Rituals, Traditions, and Holidays......................................................................................... 39 Religion and Spirituality ...................................................................................................................... 40 Family History ..................................................................................................................................... 41 Quality Family Time ............................................................................................................................ 41

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Resisting Family Entropy ..................................................................................................................... 41 Resisting Marital Entropy.................................................................................................................... 42 Threats to a Strong Family .................................................................................................................. 42 Factors that Help Families Resist Decay ............................................................................................. 42 Chapter 5: Dating and Mate Selection .................................................................................................... 44 Theories of Mate Selection ................................................................................................................. 48 Chapter 6: Love and Intimacy.................................................................................................................. 56 Types of Love ...................................................................................................................................... 59 Love in Short-term and Long-term Relationships ............................................................................... 63 Chapter 7: Sex and Gender ..................................................................................................................... 66 What Is The Difference Between Sex and Gender? ............................................................................ 66 Debunking Myths about Women........................................................................................................ 68 Gender Roles as a Social Force ........................................................................................................... 69 Rape .................................................................................................................................................... 72 Opportunities ...................................................................................................................................... 72 Research on Gender............................................................................................................................ 74 What about Men? ............................................................................................................................... 77 Chapter 8: Sexuality ................................................................................................................................ 81 Genital Development .......................................................................................................................... 82 The Importance of Sexuality ............................................................................................................... 85 Sexual Anatomy .................................................................................................................................. 86 The Sexual Experience ........................................................................................................................ 90 Extramarital Affairs ............................................................................................................................. 92 Sexual Identity..................................................................................................................................... 92 Sexuality and Politics........................................................................................................................... 94 Chapter 9: Marrieds and Non-Marrieds ................................................................................................. 96 Legality of Marriage ............................................................................................................................ 97 Cohabitation...................................................................................................................................... 102 Chapter 10: Families across the Life Course Ron Hammond and Paul Cheney-Utah Valley University .............................................................................................................................................................. 108 Gerontology ...................................................................................................................................... 108 Understanding the Generations of Life ............................................................................................ 109 Theories about Aging ........................................................................................................................ 110

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What do the generations look like? .................................................................................................. 111 Health................................................................................................................................................ 113 Dying ................................................................................................................................................. 113 Roles.................................................................................................................................................. 114 Siblings .............................................................................................................................................. 116 Parenting ........................................................................................................................................... 116 Grandparenting................................................................................................................................. 116 Elder Abuse ....................................................................................................................................... 117 Chapter 11: Family Resources and Economics ..................................................................................... 120 A Structural Functionalist Look at Family Resources ........................................................................ 120 Poverty .............................................................................................................................................. 121 Health Care and Insurance................................................................................................................ 123 Income and Wealth........................................................................................................................... 124 Home Ownership .............................................................................................................................. 126 Budgeting .......................................................................................................................................... 128 The Financial Plan ............................................................................................................................. 131 The Elderly ........................................................................................................................................ 132 The Household .................................................................................................................................. 133 Chapter 12: Parenting Ron Hammond and Paul Cheney-Utah Valley University ................................ 136 Functions of Parents ......................................................................................................................... 136 Childhood Dependence..................................................................................................................... 138 Finding the Balance between Control and Freedom ........................................................................ 139 Behaviourism and the Cognitive Model............................................................................................ 141 Types of Parenting ............................................................................................................................ 144 SELF-WORTH V. SHAME ......................................................................................................................... 145 Chapter 13: Communication ................................................................................................................. 148 Arguments......................................................................................................................................... 148 Improving Communication ............................................................................................................... 151 Non-Verbal Communication ............................................................................................................. 156 Avoiding Communication.................................................................................................................. 157 Power ................................................................................................................................................ 159 Chapter 14: Family Conflict and Crises ................................................................................................. 161 Family Functions and Dysfunctions .................................................................................................. 161

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