Chemistry I Honors – Final Exam Study Guide 2006-2007



Chemistry I Honors – Semester 1 Exam Study Guide OutlineChapter 1 – Matter and Change:Physical vs chemical propertiesPhysical vs chemical changesParticle model of gas/liquid/solid states of matterLaw of Conservation of EnergyMixture vs pure substanceElement names and symbolsArrangement of periodic tableCharacteristics of metals, nonmetals, metalloidsChapter 2 – Measurements and CalculationsScientific method – stepsQualitative vs quantitative observationsMetric units for length, mass, time, volume, and density – also Metric unit conversions Density calculations Accuracy vs precisionSignificant figures – rules for math operationsScientific notation – be able to use itChapter 3 – Atoms – Building Blocks of MatterDalton’s Atomic theoryLaws of Conservation of Mass, Definite Proportions, Multiple ProportionsRutherford’s experiment Properties of protons, neutrons, electronsIsotopes Atomic number and mass number – how they are relatedDetermine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a nuclide given its symbolDefine ‘mole’ , Avogadro’s number, molar massConvert between mass, moles, and number of particles (atoms or molecules)Chapter 4 – Arrangement of Electrons in AtomsBohr model of the hydrogen atoms – basic ideasElectromagnetic spectrum – relationships between energy, frequency, and wavelengthQuantum model of the atomOrbitals and quantum numbersElectron configurations of elements 1-36Chapter 5 – The Periodic LawDescribe how elements of a group are relatedRelationship between electron configuration and the structure of the Periodic table.Name 4 blocks of the periodic tablePeriodic trends in atomic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativityDefine valence electrons and state the number present in atoms of each main group elementChapter 6 – Chemical BondingDistinguish ionic and covalent bonding Classify bond type by electronegativity differencesDiscuss the arrangement of ions in crystalsand the associated lattice energyWrite Lewis electron dot structuresDescribe the electron-sea model of metallic bondingand relate to properties of metalsPredict shapes and polarities of molecules and ions using VSEPR theoryDiscuss the types of intermolecular forces and relate them to physical propertiesBond EnergyChapter 7 – Chemical Formulas and Chemical CompoundsWrite formulas for ionic compounds and name themName binary molecular compounds using prefixesWrite the formula of binary molecular compounds given the nameCalculate molar mass for a given compound.Convert between mass, moles, and number of particlesDefine empirical formula and explain the relationship between the empirical formula and the molecular formula of a compoundOxidation numbers and Polyatomic ionsChapter 8 – Chemical Equations and ReactionsList observations that indicate a chemical reaction is occurringBalance formula equations by inspectionList the five types of chemical reactions and classify a given reaction according to typeUse an activity series and table of solubility rules to predict whether a given reaction will occur.Predicting ProductsChapter 9 – StoichiometryDefine stoichiometryWrite a mole ratio relating two substances in a chemical equationDetermine the number of moles of product formed from a given number of moles of reactant (including limiting reactants)Determine the number of grams of product formed from a given number of grams of reactant (including limiting reactants)Convert between liters of gas at STP and moles of the gasDistinguish between theoretical yield, actual yield, and percentage yield.Chapter 21 – Nuclear ChemistryExplain why nuclear reactions occur and know how to balance a nuclear equation Define half-life and explain how it relates to the stability of the nucleusDefine and relate the terms ‘radioactive decay’ and ‘nuclear radiation.’Describe nuclear fission and nuclear fusion, and compare them for their usefulness in generating energy ................
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