Chemistry: Matter and Change

CHEMISTRY

Matter and Change

Chapter 12: States of Matter

CHAPTER

12

States of Matter

Section 12.1 Section 12.2 Section 12.3 Section 12.4

Gases Forces of Attraction Liquids and Solids Phase Changes

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SECTION

12.1

Gases

? Use the kinetic-molecular theory to explain the behavior of gases.

? Describe how mass affects the rates of diffusion and effusion.

? Explain how gas pressure is measured and calculate the partial pressure of a gas.

kinetic energy: energy due to motion

SECTION

12.1

Gases

kinetic-molecular theory pressure

elastic collision

barometer

temperature

pascal

diffusion

atmosphere

Graham's law of effusion

Dalton's law of partial pressures

Gases expand, diffuse, exert pressure, and can be compressed because they are in a low density state consisting of tiny, constantly-moving particles.

SECTION

12.1

Gases

The Kinetic-Molecular Theory

? Kinetic-molecular theory explains the different properties of solids, liquids, and gases.

? Atomic composition affects chemical properties.

? Atomic composition also affects physical properties.

? The kinetic-molecular theory describes the behavior of matter in terms of particles in motion.

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