Physics data booklet

[Pages:17]Physics data booklet

First assessment 2016

Annotated by Boaz V.

Diploma Programme Physics data booklet

Published June 2014 Revised edition published January 2016

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Contents

Fundamental constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Metric (SI) multipliers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Unit conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Electrical circuit symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Equations--Core . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Equations--AHL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Equations--Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Physics data booklet

Physics data booklet

Fundamental constants

Quantity Acceleration of free fall (Earth's surface)

Gravitational constant

Symbol

Approximate value

g

9.81m s2

G

6.67 ? 10-11 Nm2 kg-2

Avogadro's constant

NA

6.02 ? 1023 mol-1

Gas constant

R

8.31JK1 mol1

Boltzmann's constant

kB

1.38 ? 10-23 JK-1

Stefan?Boltzmann constant V

5.67 ? 10-8 W m-2 K-4

Coulomb constant

k

8.99 ? 109 Nm2 C-2

Permittivity of free space Permeability of free space

H

8.85 ? 10-12 C2 N-1 m-2

0

P 0

4 ? 10-7 T m A-1

Speed of light in vacuum

c

3.00 ? 108 m s-1

Planck's constant

h

6.63 ? 10-34 J s

Elementary charge

e

1.60 ? 10-19 C

Electron rest mass

me 9.110 ? 10-31 kg = 0.000549 u = 0.511MeV c-2

Proton rest mass

m p

1.673 ? 10-27 kg = 1.007276 u = 938MeV c-2

Neutron rest mass

mn 1.675 ? 10-27 kg = 1.008665 u = 940MeV c-2

Unified atomic mass unit

u

1.661? 10-27 kg = 931.5MeV c-2

Solar constant

S

1.36 ? 103 W m-2

Fermi radius

R0

1.20 ? 10-15 m

Physics data booklet

1

Metric (SI) multipliers

Prefix peta tera giga mega kilo hecto deca deci centi milli micro nano pico femto

Abbreviation P T G M k h da d c m P n p f

Unit conversions

1

radian

(rad)

180?

Temperature (K) = temperature (?C) + 273

1 light year (ly) = 9.46 ? 1015 m

1 parsec (pc) 3.26 ly 1 astronomical unit (AU) = 1.50 ? 1011 m

1 kilowatt-hour (kWh) = 3.60 ? 106 J

hc = 1.99 ? 10-25 Jm = 1.24 ? 10-6 eV m

Value 1015 1012 109 106 103 102 101 10?1 10?2 10?3 10?6 10?9 10?12 10 ?15

2

Physics data booklet

Electrical circuit symbols

cell

battery

ac supply

switch

voltmeter

V

ammeter

A

resistor

variable resistor

lamp

light-dependent resistor (LDR)

transformer

potentiometer thermistor

heating element

diode

capacitor

Physics data booklet

3

Equations--Core

Note: All equations relate to the magnitude of the quantities only. Vector notation has not been used.

Sub-topic 1.2 ? Uncertainties and errors Sub-topic 1.3 ? Vectors and scalars

y = Result. a, b, c = Quantities. = Uncertainty.

If: y = a ? b Adding/subtracting quantities:

uncertainty in result will be sum

then: y = a + b of uncertainties of quantities.

AV

A

Multiplying/dividing quantities: %

If: y

ab c

uncertainties of quantities are added together to obtain % uncertainty in result.

then:

y y

=

a a

+

b b

+

c c

If: y

an

Powers of quantities: % uncertainty of quantity is multiplied by power to obtain

then:

y y

=

n

a a

% uncertainty in result.

T AH = A cos AV = A sin

AH

Trigonometric rules of triangles are applied when taking components of vector quantities.

AH = Horizontal component. AV = Vertical component.

F = Resultant force.

v = Final velocity. u = Initial velocity. a = Acceleration (`g' for gravitational). s = Displacement. t = Time elapsed.

Sub-topic 2.1 ? Motion

v = u + at

s

=

ut

+

1 2

at 2

v 2 = u2 + 2as

s

=

(v

+ u)t 2

Equations applied to uniform motion (known as `suvat' equations).

W = Work done.

Sub-topic 2.3 ? Work, energy and power

F = Force.

W = Fs cos Work done.

s = Displacement. EK = Kinetic energy. m = Mass.

EK

1 2

mv

2

Kinetic energy.

Ep

=

1 2

k

x2

Elastic potential energy (in a spring).

v = Velocity.

E = mgh Gravitational potential energy. p

EP = Potential energy. power Fv Power.

k = Spring constant x = Extension. g = Earth's gravity.

efficiency

useful work out total work in

useful power out total power in

Sub-topic 2.2 ? Forces F ma Acceleration due to resultant force

(Newton's 2nd law of motion).

? Ff sR Frictional force on a static object. ? Ff = dR Frictional force on a dynamic object.

Sub-topic 2.4 ? Momentum and impulse

p mv Momentum.

F

=

p t

Resultant force due to momentum.

EK

p2 2m

Kinetic energy.

impulse = Ft = p

m = Mass. a = Acceleration. s = Coefficient of static friction. d = " dynamic ". Ff = Frictional force. R = Normal reaction force.

p = Momentum. m = Mass. v = Velocity. F = Force. t = Time. EK = Kinetic energy.

h = Height.

4

Physics data booklet

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