Sage 9.4 Reference Manual: 2D Graphics
Sage 9.4 Reference Manual: 2D Graphics
Release 9.4
The Sage Development Team
Aug 24, 2021
CONTENTS
1 General
1
1.1 2D Plotting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Text in plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
1.3 Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
1.4 Animated plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
2 Function and Data Plots
175
2.1 Complex Plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
2.2 Contour Plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
2.3 Density Plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
2.4 Plotting fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
2.5 Streamline Plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
2.6 Scatter Plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
2.7 Step function plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
2.8 Histograms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
2.9 Bar Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
3 Plots of Other Mathematical Objects
283
3.1 Graph Plotting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
3.2 Matrix Plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
4 Basic Shapes
321
4.1 Arcs of circles and ellipses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
4.2 Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
4.3 Bezier Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
4.4 Circles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344
4.5 Disks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
4.6 Ellipses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
4.7 Line Plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
4.8 Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364
4.9 Polygons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
4.10 Arcs in hyperbolic geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
4.11 Polygons and triangles in hyperbolic geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
4.12 Regular polygons in the upper half model for hyperbolic plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392
5 Infrastructure and Low-Level Functions
397
5.1 Graphics objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
5.2 Graphics arrays and insets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
5.3 Plotting primitives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444
5.4 Plotting utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446
i
6 Indices and Tables
449
Python Module Index
451
Index
453
ii
CHAPTER
ONE
GENERAL
1.1 2D Plotting
Sage provides extensive 2D plotting functionality. The underlying rendering is done using the matplotlib Python library. The following graphics primitives are supported:
? arrow() - an arrow from a min point to a max point. ? circle() - a circle with given radius ? ellipse() - an ellipse with given radii and angle ? arc() - an arc of a circle or an ellipse ? disk() - a filled disk (i.e. a sector or wedge of a circle) ? line() - a line determined by a sequence of points (this need not be straight!) ? point() - a point ? text() - some text ? polygon() - a filled polygon The following plotting functions are supported: ? plot() - plot of a function or other Sage object (e.g., elliptic curve). ? parametric_plot() ? implicit_plot() ? polar_plot() ? region_plot() ? list_plot() ? scatter_plot() ? bar_chart() ? contour_plot() ? density_plot() ? plot_vector_field() ? plot_slope_field() ? matrix_plot() ? complex_plot()
1
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