Classicalsociologicaltheory
Max Weber (Pronounced Max Vaber) (1864-1920)Sociology as the Interpretive Understanding (Verstehen) of subjectively (individually) meaningful behavior that takes others into account/that is orientated towards others, i.e. Social Action. ()Weberian MethodologyIdeal Types, or conceptual typologies/models that sociologists construct (or at least those sociologists who follow Weber’s method construct) as tools for interpretively understanding social phenomenon (such as, for example, social action) ()Value Free Sociology – requires a distinction be made between Judgements of Value and Judgements of FactSocial Action The Four Pure/Ideal Types of Social Action: ()Instrumentally Rational Social Action (Goal driven; planned and/or strategic relations to others/another)Value Rational Social Action (Belief driven; relations to others/another determined by ones beliefs whether religious, ethical, political, aesthetic or any other conceivable kind)Affectual Social Action (relations to another or others based on emotions, affects, mood or other feeling states)Traditional Social Action (Habit driven; based on commonly accepted and ingrained cultural behavior, such as ways of greeting people, forms of etiquette, and manners)Social Relationships: The probability that two (minimum) or more individuals, will engage in some type of social action towards each other, for durations of time which can vary from short to long term, and including relations that can range from unstructured or semi-structured informal relationships, to highly structured and formal institutional relationships, and all in-between.( ) Class, Status Groups, and Parties ()2) Power: The chances/probability that a person or group of people have of realizing their will, even against opposition. This is in general and could be an element (or not) of any social relationship.()a) Domination/Discipline: A person or group of people with the authority to give a command, and the person or group of people to whom that command is obeyed; b) Ruling Organizations: Institutional/Organized relationships of Domination;c) Political Organizations: Like a ruling organization but with relationships of Domination that are enforced with at least the implicit, if not explicit, use of force within a specific territory;d) The State: Like a political organization, but with the monopoly on the legitimate (i.e. legal) use of violence/forceLegitimate Domination/AuthorityLegitimate Domination or Authority is the belief that someone has the right to give a command.Legitimacy and the 3 Ideal/Pure Types of Authority(The Validity of the claims to Legitimacy) ()Rational Grounds/Legal Authority (Bureaucracy):Grounding the belief in someone’s right to give commands on an adherence to intellectually analyzable/abstract and depersonalized rules for qualification (commonly of an achieved status, e.g. earned or based on merit).Traditional Grounds/Traditional Authority Grounding the belief in ones right to give commands on the belief in age-old habits, whether expressed in terms of royalty, birthright, or any otherwise ascribed status (assigned at birth or involuntary).Charismatic Grounds/Charismatic Authority:Grounding the belief in someone’s right to give commands on the personality or on the unique qualities of an individual person, regardless of what may be the otherwise established ruling order.The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of CapitalismWeber’s Sociology of World Religions Other-Worldly Asceticism vs. This-Worldly AsceticismPredestinationThe Protestant Work EthicDisenchantment and Rationalization/The Iron Cage of (Bureaucratic) Rationality ................
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