Additional Practice in Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics

[Pages:184]HOLT McDOUGAL LITERATURE

Language Handbook

Additional Practice in Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics

GRADE 8

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Table of Contents

To the Teacher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

Language Handbook 1

The Parts of Speech

Worksheet 1 Worksheet 2 Worksheet 3 Worksheet 4 Worksheet 5 Worksheet 6 Worksheet 7

Worksheet 8

Worksheet 9

Identifying Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Identifying and Using Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Identifying Adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Identifying and Using Action and Helping Verbs . . 4 Identifying Linking and Helping Verbs . . . . . . . . . 5 Identifying and Using Adverbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Identifying Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Identifying Conjunctions and Interjections; Determining Parts of Speech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Language Handbook 2

Agreement

Worksheet 1 Worksheet 2 Worksheet 3 Worksheet 4 Worksheet 5 Worksheet 6 Worksheet 7 Worksheet 8 Worksheet 9 Worksheet 10 Worksheet 11 Worksheet 12 Worksheet 13

Using Singular and Plural Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Making Subjects and Verbs Agree . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Using Subjects and Verbs with Prepositional Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Ensuring Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns . . 15 Ensuring Agreement with Subjects Joined by And, Or, or Nor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Ensuring Agreement with Collective Nouns and with Don't and Doesn't . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Ensuring Agreement in Questions and in Sentences That Begin with There and Here . . . . . 18 Ensuring Agreement with Singular Words That Have Plural Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Ensuring Agreement Between Pronoun and Antecedent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Avoiding Problems in Agreement of Pronoun and Antecedent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Ensuring Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement with And, Or, and Nor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Avoiding Problems in Agreement of Pronoun and Antecedent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

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Language Handbook 3

Using Verbs

Worksheet 1 Worksheet 2 Worksheet 3 Worksheet 4 Worksheet 5 Worksheet 6 Worksheet 7 Worksheet 8 Worksheet 9 Worksheet 10

Identifying Past, Present, and Future Tenses . . . . 28 Using Irregular Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 More Practice with Irregular Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Identifying and Using Verb Tenses . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Using Consistent Verb Tense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Identifying and Using Active and Passive Voice . . 37 Using Sit and Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Using Lie and Lay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Using Rise and Raise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Language Handbook 4

Using Pronouns

Worksheet 1

Worksheet 2

Worksheet 3 Worksheet 4 Worksheet 5 Worksheet 6

Worksheet 7 Worksheet 8

Identifying and Using Pronouns in the Nominative Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Identifying and Using Pronouns as Predicate Nominatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Using Pronouns as Direct Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Using Pronouns in the Objective Case . . . . . . . . 49 Using Pronouns as Objects of Prepositions . . . . . 50 Using Who and Whom and Reflexive Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 More Practice with Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Language Handbook 5

Using Modifiers

Worksheet 1

Worksheet 2 Worksheet 3

Worksheet 4 Worksheet 5 Worksheet 6

Identifying and Using Modifiers in Regular and Irregular Comparisons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Using Modifiers Correctly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Using Other and Else; Avoiding Double Comparisons and Double Negatives . . . . . . . . . . 58 Correcting Misplaced Modifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Correcting Dangling and Misplaced Modifiers . . . 61 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

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Language Handbook 6

Phrases

Worksheet 1 Worksheet 2 Worksheet 3 Worksheet 4

Worksheet 5

Worksheet 6

Worksheet 7

Worksheet 8

Identifying Prepositional Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Identifying and Using Adjective Phrases . . . . . . . 66 Identifying and Using Adverb Phrases . . . . . . . . . 67 Identifying Present and Past Participles and Participial Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Identifying and Using Gerunds and Gerund Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Identifying and Using Infinitives and Infinitive Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Identifying and Using Appositives and Appositive Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Language Handbook 7

Clauses

Worksheet 1

Worksheet 2 Worksheet 3 Worksheet 4 Worksheet 5

Identifying Independent and Subordinate Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Identifying and Using Adjective Clauses . . . . . . . 77 Identifying and Using Adverb Clauses . . . . . . . . . 79 Identifying Noun Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Language Handbook 8

Sentences

Worksheet 1 Worksheet 2 Worksheet 3 Worksheet 4 Worksheet 5 Worksheet 6

Identifying Sentences and Sentence Fragments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Correcting Sentence Fragments . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Identifying the Complete Subject and the Complete Predicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Identifying the Simple Subject and the Simple Predicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Identifying and Using Compound Subjects and Compound Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

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Language Handbook 9

Complements

Worksheet 1 Worksheet 2 Worksheet 3

Worksheet 4

Worksheet 5

Identifying Subjects, Verbs, and Complements . . 92 Identifying Direct Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Identifying Direct Objects and Indirect Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Identifying Linking Verbs, Predicate Nominatives, and Predicate Adjectives . . . . . . . . 95 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Language Handbook 10

Kinds of Sentences

Worksheet 1 Worksheet 2 Worksheet 3 Worksheet 4 Worksheet 5 Worksheet 6

Identifying Simple and Compound Sentences . . . 98 Identifying Independent and Subordinate Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Identifying Independent and Subordinate Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Indentifying Independent and Subordinate Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Classifying Sentences by Structure and Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Language Handbook 11

Writing Effective Sentences

Worksheet 1 Worksheet 2 Worksheet 3

Worksheet 4

Worksheet 5

Worksheet 6

Worksheet 7 Worksheet 8

Correcting Run-on Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Correcting and Revising Run-on Sentences . . . . 108 Combining Choppy Sentences by Inserting Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Combining Choppy Sentences by Inserting Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Combining Choppy Sentences by Using And, But, or Or . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Combining Choppy Sentences by Using Subordinate Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Revising Stringy and Wordy Sentences . . . . . . . 120 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

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Language Handbook 12

Capital Letters

Worksheet 1 Worksheet 2 Worksheet 3 Worksheet 4

Worksheet 5

Worksheet 6 Worksheet 7

Using Capital Letters Correctly . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Capitalizing Proper Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Capitalizing Proper Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Capitalizing Proper Adjectives and School Subjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Capitalizing Proper Adjectives and School Subjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Capitalizing Titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

Language Handbook 13

Punctuation

Worksheet 1 Worksheet 2

Worksheet 3

Worksheet 4

Worksheet 5

Worksheet 6

Worksheet 7 Worksheet 8

Using End Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Using End Marks and Periods After Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Using Commas to Separate Words and Phrases and After Introductory Elements . . . . . . 139 Using Commas in Compound Sentences and with Interrupters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Using Commas with Interrupters and with Introductory Words, Phrases, and Clauses . . . . . 141 Using Commas for Dates and Addresses and in Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Using Semicolons and Colons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Language Handbook 14

Punctuation

Worksheet 1 Worksheet 2 Worksheet 3 Worksheet 4 Worksheet 5

Using Italics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Punctuating Quotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Punctuating Quotations and Dialogue . . . . . . . . 150 Using Italics and Quotation Marks . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

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Language Handbook 15

Punctuation

Worksheet 1 Worksheet 2

Worksheet 3 Worksheet 4 Worksheet 5

Using Apostrophes to Show Possession . . . . . . 155 Using Apostrophes for Contractions, Plurals, and Possessives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Using Hyphens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Using Parentheses and Dashes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Language Handbook 16

Spelling

Worksheet 1 Worksheet 2

Worksheet 3 Worksheet 4 Worksheet 5

Worksheet 6

Using Word Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Spelling Words with ie, ei, cede, ceed, and sede . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Adding Prefixes and Suffixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Forming Plurals of Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 More Practice Forming the Plurals of Nouns and Spelling Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

Language Handbook 17

Glossary of Usage

Worksheet 1 Worksheet 2 Worksheet 3

Common Usage Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Common Usage Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

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