Virtual Lab: Population Biology
Name ______________________
Date ______________
Period ____
Virtual Lab: Population Biology
How to get there:
Background:
The genus Paramecium consists of unicellular species of protists that live in freshwater environments. Under ideal conditions-sufficient food, water, and space-populations of these species grow rapidly and follow a pattern known as exponential growth. Exponential growth is explosive population growth in which the total number of potentially reproducing organisms increases with each generation. However, populations of organisms will not increase in size forever. Eventually, limitations on food, water, and other resources will cause the population to stop increasing. A limiting factor is a factor that causes population growth to decrease.
When a population arrives at the point where its size remains stable, it has reached the carrying capacity of the environment. The carrying capacity is the greatest number of individuals a given environment can sustain. Competition for resources among members of a population places limits on population size. Competition for resources among members of two or more different species also affects population size. In a classic series of experiments in the 1930s, a Russian ecologist, G.F. Gause, formulated his principal of competitive exclusion. This principle states that if two species are competing for the same resource, the species with a more rapid growth rate will outcompete the other. In other words, no two species can occupy the same niche.
Purpose: Conduct an experiment and grow two species of the protozoan Parmecium, alone and together. You will then compare growth curves of the populations of each species. The experiment will demonstrate how competition for natural resources in the environment can affect population growth.
Procedures:
1. Click the bulb at the top of the pipette to fill the pipette with culture. Then click and drag the pipette to a test tube. Fill the 3 test tubes: 1 with Paramecium aurelia (5ml), 2nd with Paramecium caudatum (5ml), and 3rd with a combination of both (10ml).
NOTE: the rice at the bottom of the test tube is the food for the bacteria.
2. Click the microscope on the back shelf to go to the lab bench.
3. Clean the microscope slides by clicking on “Clean Microscope Slides”.
4. Click the test tubes “Take Sample” to prepare wet-mount slides of the samples.
5. Click and drag a wet mount to the stage of the microscope.
6. Count the number of cells of each type of Paramecium and record onto your data table.
7. On the bottom right, click the “Clear Slides” button. Click the Calendar to advance it by two days.
8. Repeat from steps 3-7 until your table is filled to Day 16.
NOTE: Click the red “Use Grid” button on the microscope to help count.
|Data Table |
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|1. What are the objectives for this experiment? (you can summarize) |
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|2. Make a hypothesis about how you think the two species of Paramecium will grow alone and how they will grow when they are grown together. |
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|3. Explain how you tested your hypothesis. |
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|4. On what day did the Paramecium caudatum population reach the carrying capacity of the environment when it was grown alone? How do you know? |
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|5. On what day did the Paramecium aurelia population reach the carrying capacity of the environment? How do you know? |
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|6. Explain the differences in the population growth patterns of the two Paramecium species. What does this tell you about how Paramecium aurelia uses available |
|resources? |
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|7. Describe what happened when the Paramecium populations were mixed in the same test tube. Do the results support the principle of competitive exclusion? (you |
|may need to briefly explain what competitive exclusion is) |
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|8. Explain how this experiment demonstrates that no two species can occupy the same niche. |
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Conclusion: Write a brief statement explaining what you learned from this lab.
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Size of population
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