JANUARY & FEBRUARY 2008



BASIC MILITARY REQUIREMENTS (Part Two)

STUDY GUIDE

CHAPTERS 9 THROUGH 14

Chapter 9 - Customs & Courtesies

Chapter 9 covers customs and courtesies, such as hand salutes, passing honors, gun salutes and colors.

• A custom is a way of acting that has continued consistently over such a long period of time that it has become like law.

• Many of the US Navy customs came from the British Navy.

Hand Salutes

• The Most common form of a salute is a hand salute.

• Left handed saluting in the Navy is permitted if your right hand/arm is injured.

• Carry all objects in your left hand.

• Start you hand salute approx. six paces from an officer. Hold your salute until you salute is returned or until you are about six paces past the officer. Always accompany your salute with a respectful greeting, ie “Good Morning Commander Brockway”, or “Good Afternoon, Ma’am.”

• Enlisted personnel salute all officers. Officers salute their seniors. Everyone salutes the National Ensign.

• You do not have to salute when uncovered inside, when part of a work detail, when under actual or simulated battle conditions, or when guarding prisoners.

Honors

• Honors are salutes rendered to individuals of merit, to high ranking individuals, to ships, and to nations.

• Types of honors:

1. Passing Honors-ship to ship

2. Ship Honors- to officials or officers as they board and depart a Navy ship.

3. Gun Salutes- are rendered to high-ranking individuals, to nations, and to celebrate national holidays.

Passing Honors

• Passing honors are rendered when ships or boats pass close aboard. Close Aboard is

600 Yards for ships

400 Yards for boats

• Signals for actions for passing honors are as follows:

-One blast: attention to starboard

-Two blasts: attention to port

-One blast: hand salute

-Two blasts: end salute

-Three blasts: carry on

• Side honors consist of parading side boys. Side boys can be paraded between 0800 and sunset, except on Sunday. Normally, side boys will not be called away during meal hours, general drills, and all hands evolutions. The number of side boys will vary from two to eight (always and even number) depending on the rank of the individual being saluted.

Gun Salutes

• Gun salutes are used to honor individuals, nations, and certain national holidays.

• Gun salutes always consist of odd numbers, ranging from 5 for vice consul to 21 for President & for rules of a foreign nation. The gun is normally fired at 5 second intervals.

• Gun salutes also mark special holidays:

1. President’s Day

2. Memorial Day

3. Independence Day

• A standard 21 Gun Salute is fired at one minutes intervals, commencing at 1200 and ending at 1220

•Rifle Salutes: There are three rifle salutes:

1. Present Arms

2. At Order Arms

3. At Right Shoulder Arms

• Ceremonies are formal acts performed on public occasions

Colors

• The Navy hoists the flag at 0800 and lowers at sunset. This is known as morning and evening colors. All Navy shore commands and ships not underway performs the ceremony of colors every day.

• Before colors are called there is a 5 minute preparative pennant hoisted.

• Remember that the ensign is rasied smartly but lowered ceremoniously

• Navy ships not underway fly the union jack on the jackstaff. The union jack is also flown from a yardarm to denote that a general court-martial is in session.

• Ships underway do not hold morning or evening colors. The ensign is usually flown night and day. Underway the union jack is not flown from the jackstaff.

• Just as a ship gets underway the ensign is shifted from its position on the stern to its at sea position at the main mast. This is called shifting the colors.

• Commission or Command pennants are flown at half mast when the ship’s commanding officer dies.

National Anthem

• Indoors: If the flag is not displayed when the anthem is played inside a building, you stand at attention facing the source of the music. If you are in uniform and covered, render a hand salute, if you are uncovered, stand at attention. If you are in civilian clothes, render the hand over the heart salute.

If the flag is displayed when the anthem is played, you face the flag and stand at attention. If in uniform and covered, render the hand salute. If in civilian clothes or uncovered, you place your right hand over your heart.

•Outdoors: Personnel in boats do not salute during the playing of the Anthem. Only the boat officer or coxsawin(if there is no boat officer) stands and salutes, all other personnel remain seated at attention.

• The music played to honor the president is “Hail to the Chief.”

Military Etiquette

• Aboard the ship the CO is addressed as captain regardless of rank

• Juniors always enter a car first (seated leftmost) and exit last. When walking, Juniors always walk on left side of Seniors.

• The basic rule of etiquette for entering airplanes, boats, and vehicles is Seniors in last and out first. In general, Seniors on a boat take the seats farthest aft.

•Boarding a Vessel: When boarding a ship in which the National Ensign is flying you should:

1. Stop on reaching the upper platform.

2. Face the national ensign and salute

3. Salute the ODD

• As you salute, you say to the ODD, “I request permission to come aboard”. When you leave a ship the order is reversed. First you salute the ODD and say, “I request permission to leave the ship, Sir/Ma’am”. After receiving permission you face and salute the national ensign.

Chapter 13 – CBR Defense

Chapter 13 covers CBR in depth.

• The primary purpose of biological and chemical attacks is the mass casualties of personnel, livestock, or crops.

• US national policy prohibits our being the first nation to use chemical agents against an attacking nation.

• The US will not use biological agents under any circumstances.

• Chemical Warfare (CW) agents can kill or disable personnel by affecting the blood, nerves, eyes, skin, lungs, or stomach.

• Biological warfare (BW) operation agents include microorganisms, fungi, toxins, and microtoxins to cause diseases that will kill or produce other casualties.

• To be most effective, biological weapons are normally delivered by aerosol.

• Chemical agents can be placed in projectiles or missiles.

• Nuclear weapons can be launched in almost any manner by land, sea, or air units.

• Broadly speaking, there are two types of antipersonnel agents: casualty and incapacitating.

• Check page 13-2, table 13-1 for characteristics of selected CW agents.

• Sarin and VX are types of nerve agents.

• Some of the symptoms of nerve poisoning are: stomach cramps, sudden headache, nausea, wheezing, and convulsions.

• Casualty CW agents can cause death or severely incapacitate personnel for long periods of time.

• Incapacitating CW agents temporarily disable personnel but do not create permanent injury.

• (2-PAM CI) atropine and pralidoxime chloride are self injections used as the antidote for a nerve agent.

• Blister agents act on the eyes, mucous membranes, lungs, and skin.

• Blister agents include mustard vapors and mustard liquids.

• Muster agents burn and blister the skin, especially moist areas such as the neck, genitals, groin, armpits, bends of knees and elbows. Muster agents also damage the respiratory tract when inhaled.

• Personnel who are suspected of contamination from muster agents in the eyes must seek overhead shelter and flush their eyes with potable (drinkable) water.

• Blood agents inhibit the action of an enzyme responsible for transferring oxygen from the blood to the cells of the body.

• High concentrations of blood agents cause labored breathing within a few seconds, violent convulsions, followed by cessation (stoppage) of breathing.

• See page 13-5 for a chart of symptoms for blood agent exposure.

• Choking agents in low concentration effect the respiratory system to the point that the lungs fill with fluid.

• See page 13-15 for symptoms for tear agents and vomiting agents.

• Riot control agents (RCAs) are classified as either tear agents or vomiting agents.

• RCAs cause temporary misery and harassment.

• Biological warfare(BW) is the intentional use of living organisms, toxins, and microtoxins to disable or destroy people and domestic animals, damage crops, or deteriorate supplies.

• Animals, insects, and rodents can be used as carriers to spread BW agents.

• Some BW agents include anthrax, typhoid fever, cholera, plaugue, tularemia, botulinum toxin, and inluenza.

• Early stages of biological disease include the general symptoms of fever, malaise, and inflammation.

• See page 13-7 for characteristics for selected BW agents.

• Nuclear warfare: There are four types of nuclear blast.

• High altitude blast takes place above 100,000 feet.

• Air blast is when the fireball is below 1000,000 feet but doesn’t touch the earth’s surface.

• Surface Blast is when the fireball touches the earth’s surface.

• Subsurface (underwater) burst: A fireball is formed (smaller fireball than a surface blast), and this explosion creates a large bubble (cavity) that rises to the surface where it expels steam, gas, and debris into the air.

• There are two types of nuclear radiation: initial and residual.

• Nuclear weapons produce explosions of great force. Their effects are divided into three categories:

- Blast waves or shockwaves

- incendiary

- radiation

• The intense flash of light from a nuclear blast can cause flash blindness. Normally this is only temporary, usually the eyes can recover in about 15 minutes in daytime and 45 minutes at night.

• Nuclear radiation hazards consist of four types.

- Alfa: little skin-penetrating power.

- Beta: can present a hazard if the particles enter the skin.

- Gamma: Rays are pure energy, very difficult to stop. They can easily penetrate the body.

- Neutrons: have the greatest penetrating power.

• Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) can cause considerable damage to tactical systems, including electrical and electronic systems, sonar, radar, and communications.

• Transient Radiation effects on electronics (TREE) occurs in electronics systems as a result of exposure to gamma or neutron radiation.

• Survey teams go through the ship to determine the extent and location of any contamination after a CW, BW, or nuclear attack. A survey team consists of a minimum of three people: a monitor, a recorder, and a messenger. The monitor is in charge of the party.

• CBR contamination markers is a standard system and is used to mark areas contaminated by CW, BW, or nuclear agents. Look at figure 13-16 page 13-15. This page shows CBR contamination markers. The markers are triangular in shape. They re 11 ½ inches with 8 inch sides. Each type of contamination is readily identified by the color of the marker. Also, they are labeled:

GAS-Yellow-Red Letters

BIO-Blue-Red Letters

ATOM-White-Black Letters

• Dose rate is expressed in roentgens (gamma ray measurement only)

• The DT 60/PD is a nonself-reading gamma radiation device. Its range is 0-600 roentgens.

NOTE: You need a CP-95 to actually read a DT 60. You can see a DT-60/PD page 13-16 figure 13-8.

• For a CW attack a M256A1 is a special detection kit that uses vapor sample detection and the M8 & M9 liquid chemical agent paper. Also draeger tubes are used to detect the presence of phosgene gas.

• The MCU-2/P Protective Mask is the most important piece of protective equipment against a CBR attack.

• The mask serves two functions: 1. It filters the air, removing particles of dust that could be contaminated.

2. It purifies the air of many poisonous gases.

• The MCU-2/P mask is available in three sizes.

• To determine the correct size measure the length of your face. (tip of chin to nasal root depression.

• The MCU- 2/P mask uses a single filter canister, designated C2.

• Canisters are good for one attack of blood agent, after which the must be replaced. Canisters are good for 30 days following exposure to other chemical agents, as long as the 60 day limit after removal of the packaging seal is not exceeded.

• You should be able to don you mask within 10 seconds.

• Some features of the MCU-2/P:

- two voice emitters

- a drinking tube

- flexible lens

- one canister can go on either side

• The mask can be worn over approved mask-compatible glasses.

• Basically, any clothing or coverall that covers the body can provide a degree of protection from CBR contaminants.

• Chemical-protective overgarment (CPO suit) consists of two pieces, a smock and trousers.

• The CPO suit has a shelf life of 5 years if left unopened.

• Once removed from its protective envelope, it has a shelf life of 14 days in a nonchemical environment.

• Once exposed to chemical contamination, the CPO suit provides 6 hours of continuous protection, after which it should be discarded.

• Wet-weather clothing is often described as impermeable or rubberized clothing.

• Mission Oriented Protective Posture (MOPP) is a means of established levels of readiness. MOPP is a flexible system of protection against chemical agents and is used in chemical warfare defense to help accomplish a mission.

• There are four levels of MOPP, from Level 1, the least protection to Level 4, the most protection.

- MOPP Level-1: protective equipment and medical supply items are issued. Set readiness Condition III and material condition Yoke, if not already set.

- MOPP Level- 2: Protective mask and carrier are worn on the person. Set Zebra (modified)

- MOPP Level- 3: Install new filter canisters on protective masks. Don CPO suits, set GQ, set zebra. Activate countermeasures, wash down system intermittently.

- MOPP Level- 4: Don mask, protective gloves, set CIRCLE WILLIAM, activate countermeasures, wash down system .

• Decontamination teams usually consist of six people. The monitor will be in charge.

• To decontaminate means eliminating the sources of infection. The most effective way is to use a chemical disinfectant.

• M291 Decontamination Kit is used to decontaminate skin and selected personnel equipment contaminated with chemical agents. The kit contains six sealed foil packets, enough for three complete skin applications.

• The disadvantage an enemy has when using BW agents is that BW agents degrade rapidly when exposed to the environment conditions such as ultraviolet light, radiation, heat, dryness, or humidity.

• Never eat food, drink, or smoke after a CBR attack.

• Weapons of mass destruction are weapons that can destroy large areas or kill and disable large segments of the population.

Chapter 14 - First Aid

This chapter covers basic first aid, personal hygiene, and sexually transmitted diseases.

• The objectives of first aid are:

- save life

- prevent further injury

- limit infection

• In administering first aid, you have three primary tasks:

- maintain breathing

- stop bleeding/maintain circulation

- prevent or treat for shock.

• To be effective, CPR has to be started within 4 minutes of the onset of cardiac arrest.

• In CPR, one rescuer performs 15 compressions to 2 ventilations (breaths){15 to 2}

• Rescue breathing is perormed when you have a pulse but the subject is not breathing. Ventilations should be 12 to 15 per minute or one breath every five seconds.

• Mouth to nose is effective when the victim has extensive facial or dental injuries or is very young.

• Two rescuer CPR is 5 compressions to 1 ventilation. {5 to 1}.

• For hand placement for cardiac compressions keep the heel of hand above the tip of the sternum.

• Chest should compress 1 1/2 to 2 inches when doing cardiac compressions.

• Airway blockage: The first indication is the victim's inability to speak.

• The first action you take is to clear the mouth of any food particles or foreign objects.

• Refer to page 14-7 for further procedures.

• The average adult body contains 5 quarts of blood (4.75 liters). One pint of blood can usually be lost without harmful effects. However, the loss of 2 pints (0.95 liters) will usually cause shock.

• Treating for Shock:

- Symptoms are that the pulse is weak but rapid. Breathing is likely to be shallow, rapid, and irregular. Eyes are usually dialated.

- Remember, seriously injured persons are liekly to develop serious shock, and shock can cause death.

- Start treatment as soon as possible. Keep victim warm enough for comfort and lying down. Keep victim calm and assure that expert medical help will soon be there. Raise feet about 12 inches.

• Capillary: Blood from capillaries is usually brick red in color and the blood oozes out slowly.

• Vein: Blood from veins is usually dark red and the blood will escape in a steady, even flow.

• Artery: Artery cuts near the surface will gush out in spurts that are synchronized with the heartbeat. Deep artery cuts will be a steady stream and is usually bright red in color.

• The best way to control serious bleeding:

1. direct pressure

2. pressure points

3. constricting band (tourniquet) as last resort. Once applied it should only be released by medical personnel. Never cover a restricting band, mark the victim's forehead with a "T" and note the time the band was applied, or use a medical tag attached to the wrist.

• Burns

1st – the mildest (ie. Mild sunburn)

2nd – leaves a blister

3rd – the worst, skin is destroyed.

If the burn is less than 20% immerse in cold water. More than 20%, apply sterile dry bandage. When treating burns you should never apply petrolatum gauze, break blisters, apply butter, lard, or vaseline.

• Know the difference between heat exhaustion and heat stroke.

Heat exhaustion:

1. moist and clammy skin, ashen gray

2. pupils dilated

3. normal or subnormal temperature.

It is commonly caused by working or exercising in hot spaces. First aid: loosen clothing, get victim to cool area.

Heat Stroke (the most serious):

1. dry hot skin

2. pupils constricted

3. very high body temperature

heat stroke has a 20% mortality rate. First aid: reduce body temperature immediately.

• Fractures:

Closed fracture: the bone is broken but the skin remains intact. (most common fracture)

Open fracture: The broken bone will protrude from the skin.

• Sprains: Is an injury to the ligament and soft tissues the support a joint.

• Strain: is caused by forcible over stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon.

•First aid for either sprains or strains is ice pack for 24 to 48 hours, and keep affected area elevated. Apply moist/heat after ice treatment is complete (15 to 30 min.)

• Suicide: Most suicide victims in the Navy are enlisted males between 17-24 in the paygrades E-1 to E-6.

• Sexually transmitted diseases:

• If syphilis is untreated the disease can cause mental illness, blindness, heart disease, or even death.

• If Gonorrhea goes untreated it can cause you to become sterile (male or female).

• Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome was first reported in the United States in mid 1981. It is the number one priority of the US Public Health Service. AIDS can be spread by sexual contact, needle sharing, blood to blood contact, and less commonly, transfusions.

Chapter 17 - Financial and Stress Management

This chapter covers financial and stress management as well as the family advocacy program.

• There are three types of pay:

1. Basic pay

2. Incentive pay

3. Special pay

Incentive pay is for certain types of duty such as hazardous duty pay.

Special Pay is for special circumstances such as reenlistment (SRB) foreign duty, sea duty, diving duty.

• Allowances is money that is reimbursed to you for expenses necessary for you to perform your job (they are not taxable income) ie, clothing, quarters, food. You are entitled to a clothing allowance after 6 months initial service.

• Special Liberty is granted as 3 day or 4 day periods. 4 day liberty is granted by the CO.

• Convalescent Leave is an authorized absence given for care or treatment. It is not a charge to you.

• Voluntary Allotments Savings, U.S. savings bonds, loan payments, life insurance payments, mortgage payments, pledges to the Combined Federal Campaign Fund, payment to family members.

• SGLI has a maximum of $200,000 and continues for 120 days after separation from active duty.

• You are responsible for reporting any errors in your pay.

• Leave-You earn 30 days a year for leave; 2.5 days each month (active duty)

You and your Family

• The department of the Navy (DoN) has a Family Advocacy Program (FAP) that addresses child and spoce abuse. It involves the prevention, evaluation, identification, intervention, rehabilitation/behavioral education and counseling, follow up, and reporting of spouse and child abuse.

• Each command has a FAP. The CO at each command appoints a family advocacy officer (FAO)

Stess Management

• Stress is the body’s natural reaction to tension, pressure and change. Stress occurs when there is an imbalance between the demands of our lives and the resources we have to deal with those demands.

• The following are some ways you can use to cope with stress:

Acceptance- do not worry about things that we have no control over.

Attitude: Be positive

Perspective: Too often we worry or become stressed about things that never happen. Keep things in perspective.

• There are healthy ways to combat stress: Regular exercise, proper diet, meditation, laughter, and relaxation techniques.

Chapter 21 - Leadership & Supervision

Chapter 21 covers the principles of leadership and followership as well. Chapter 21 is very short.

• The three elements of leadership are followership are:

1. Moral principles

2. Personal example

3. Administrative ability

• Moral principles include honesty, integrity, and loyalty.

• Personal Example-lead by example.

• Administrative ability is maintaining logs, records, and paperwork. This is good management practices.

• When giving orders, give orders that are simple, clear, and complete.

• A good order makes the following facts clear:

- what is to be done

- when to do it

And, if circumstances permit:

- how to do it

- why it must be done.

• Remember to:

- Praise in public

- Reprimand in private

• Good leaders always carry out all orders promptly to the best of their ability and as cheerfully as possible.

Commands & Orders

• Command is immediate obedience and an automatic response to a command.

• Orders are reasoned and obedience is the proper response to an order.

• The primary goal of the Continuous Improvement Program is to increase productivity and produce better quality through leadership

• The three followership qualities are:

1. Loyalty

2. Initiative

3. Dependability

Chapter 22 - Security requirements and International Agreements

Chapter 22 covers basic security policies, personnel security clearances, declassifying classified material, security levels, ADP security, procedures for bomb threats.

• There are only three security classifications.

- Top Secret

- Secret

- Confidential

• Top Secret- unauthorized disclosure could reasonably be expected to cause exceptionally grave damage to national security.

• Secret- unauthorized disclosure could reasonably be expected to cause serious damage to national security.

• Confidentail- whose unauthorized disclosure could reasonably be expected to cause damage to national security.

• Controlled Unclassified Information is defined and governed by laws, international agreements and regulations that address the identification, marking, protection, handling, transmission, transportation, and destruction of controlled unclassified information.

• This includes:

- For Official Use Only (FOUO)

- Department of State (DOS), Sensitive but Unclassified (SBU) information.

- DOD and DOE Unclassified Controlled Nuclear Information (UCNI)

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