The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation - e-Reading
[Pages:177]The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation
An Easy-to-Use Guide with Clear Rules, Real-World Examples, and Reproducible Quizzes
Tenth Edition
Jane Straus
The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation
An Easy-to-Use Guide with Clear Rules, Real-World Examples, and Reproducible Quizzes
Tenth Edition
Jane Straus
Copyright 2008 by Jane Straus. All rights reserved.
Published by Jossey-Bass A Wiley Imprint 989 Market Street, San Francisco, CA 94103-1741
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ISBN: 978?0?470?22268?3
Printed in the United States of America
TENTH EDITION
PB Printing
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Acknowledgments
xiii
About the Author
xv
Foreword by Mignon Fogarty (Grammar Girl)
xvii
Introduction
xix
1 Grammar
1
Finding Subjects and Verbs
1
Finding verbs
Using verbs to find subjects
You as an understood subject
Multiple subjects and verbs in a sentence
Subject and Verb Agreement
2
Singular vs. plural verbs
With or and nor
With either and neither
With conjunctions such as and and but
With interrupting expressions
With pronouns as subjects such as each, everyone, and anybody
With portions such as percent, fraction, part, some, all, and none
With here and there
With sums of money
With who, that, and which
With collective nouns
Pronouns
6
Subject Case (Nominative): I, you, he, she, it, we, they
iii
iv
The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation
Object Case (Objective): me, you, him, her, it, us, them Correct use of pronouns by finding clauses Following than or as Possessive case: mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs, its Its vs. it's Using possessive case with gerunds Reflexives: the self pronouns
Who vs. Whom
8
Whoever vs. Whomever
8
That vs. Which
9
Adjectives and Adverbs
10
Adjectives modifying nouns and pronouns
Adverbs modifying verbs, adjectives, and adverbs: Answering how, when, or where
When to add -ly
Sense verbs: taste, smell, look, and feel
Good vs. well
Comparisons such as ?er vs. ?est and more vs. most
This, that, these, and those
Than vs. then
Problems with Prepositions
13
Ending a sentence with a preposition
Avoiding extra prepositions
With dates
Of vs. have
Between vs. among
In vs. into
Like vs. as
Effective Writing
14
Concrete vs. vague language
Active vs. passive voice
Clumsy construction such as there is or it was
Double negatives
Similar grammatical form
Misplaced and dangling modifiers
Fragments
2 Confusing Words and Homonyms
16
Advice vs. advice
Affect vs. effect
Contents
v
Lay vs. lie
Their vs. there vs. they're
Hundreds more confusing words and homonyms
3 Punctuation
52
Spacing with Punctuation
52
Periods
52
With complete sentences
With indirect questions
With abbreviations at the end of a sentence
Ellipsis Marks
53
With omitted words or sentences
Spacing
Commas
54
To separate three or more items
To separate adjectives
With names
With dates
With city and state
With degrees and titles
To set off interrupting expressions
With weak and strong clauses
After phrases
With nonessential descriptions
With conjunctions
To avoid confusion
Comma splice
Run-on sentence
To introduce quoted material
To separate statements from questions
To separate contrasting parts of a sentence
With introductory words such as well and yes
With interrupters such as however and therefore
With introductory words such as namely, that is, for example, e.g., and i.e. when they are followed by a series of items
Semicolons
57
To join two sentences without a conjunction
With introductory words such as namely, that is, for example, e.g., and i.e.when they introduce a complete sentence
To avoid confusion where commas already exist
vi
The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation
With sentences that have multiple clauses
Colons
58
To attach lists to sentences
Spacing
With tabular formatting
With long quotations
After the salutation in a business letter
Question Marks
60
Exclamation Points
61
Quotation Marks
61
Placement with periods, commas, question marks, and semicolons
Use of single quotation marks
Use of sic
Parentheses
62
For clarification
For asides
To enclose numbers
With complete sentences
Apostrophes
63
Contractions
Possession
Singular possession
Plural possession
With names ending in s
With compound nouns such as mother-in-law's
To show joint possession
With possessive pronouns such as his, hers, and ours
To show plurals of numbers, letters, and abbreviations
With gerunds (-ing words)
Hyphens
65
Between words
With compound verbs
With compound adjectives
With -ly words
With compound adverbs
With compound numbers
With prefixes
With double vowels such as semi-invalid
With double e and double o such as preemptive and coordinate
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