SPORT LEXIS TERMS EXPLANATORY DICTIONARY IN ENGLISH

[Pages:788]SPORT LEXIS TERMS EXPLANATORY DICTIONARY IN

ENGLISH

Study aid for ERASMUS program students and teaching staff

Compiler: professor Uldis Svinks, Latvian Academy of Sport Education

SPORTA LEKSIKAS TERMINU ANGLISKI

SKAIDROJOS VRDNCA

Mcbu ldzeklis ERASMUS programmas studentiem un doctjiem

Sastdtjs Latvijas Sporta pedagoijas akadmijas

profesors Uldis Svinks

Rga, LSPA, 2011 3

Compiler: ? Uldis Svinks, Latvian Academy of Sport Education, 2011. Computer operator:

Irna Aksjonova Sastdtjs: ? Uldis Svinks, Latvijas Sporta pedagoijas akadmija, 2011 Datoroperators:

Irna Aksjonova

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The students and teaching staff of Latvian Academy of Sport Education in their studies and research often have to use sport terminology not only in Latvian, but also in different foreign languages. In contemporary sport education most often used (foreign) language is English. Nevertheless the explanations of sport terms in different explanatory dictionaries can vary also in the English language, therefore difficulties present the translation of these terms in Latvian or other languages.

To understand properly sport terminology in English, which is used in different literature sources, media, internet, etc., it is necessary to understand sport term essence, their meaning. Therefore we have compiled Sport Term Explanatory Dictionary, in which is summarized lexis, which during last 20 years has been used in sport and physical education dictionaries. If the terms are included in several dictionaries, is provided their explanation in each of them (even if there are small differences).

The Dictionary is worked out as study aid for ERASMUS program students and teaching staff.

We would appreciate your comments about the Dictionary. You are welcome to send to my e-mail address: Uldis.Svinks@lspa.lv also explanations of other items of sport lexis, indicating prestigious reference sources.

This methodological aid can be used together with Four Language Sport Dictionary, worked out by the teaching staff of Latvian Academy of Sport Education, which is accessible in LSPA homepage.

Latvijas Sporta pedagoijas akadmijas studentiem un doctjiem mcbu un ptniecbas darb nepieciesamas lietot sporta terminoloiju ne tikai latviesu valod, bet ar dazds svesvalods. Msdienu sporta izgltb, sport biezk lietot (sves)valoda ir angu valoda. Tomr dazds skaidrojoss vrdncs sporta termini var atsirties ar angu valod, tpc var rasties grtbas tulkojot sos terminus latviski vai cits valods.

Lai pareizi saprastu dazdos literatras avotos, plassazias ldzekos, internet u.c. lietoto terminoloiju angu valod, nepieciesams saprast to btbu, jgu. Esam sastdjusi sporta leksikas skaidrojoso vrdncu, kur apkopota pdjos 20 gados izdotajs vrdncs par sportu un fizisko audzinsanu lietot leksika. Ja termins ietverts dazds vrdncs, sniegts to skaidrojums katr no tm (pat, ja ir tikai nelielas atsirbas).

Vrdnca veidota k mcbu ldzeklis ERASMUS programmas studentiem un doctjiem.

Ldzam sniegt komentrus par izveidoto vrdncu. Bsim pateicgi, ja uz manu e-pasta adresi Uldis.Svinks@lspa.lv atstsiet ar citus sporta leksikas skaidrojumus, nordot prestizus uzzias avotus.

So metodisko ldzekli iespjams izmantot kop ar LSPA doctju kolektva izveidoto Sporta cetrvalodu vrdncu, kura pieejama akadmijas mjaslap.

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The list of Literature and The List of Abbreviations, used in the Dictionary Literatras saraksts un vrdnc lietotie sporta veidu sasinjumi

1. Chambers Sports Factfinder. Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd 2005. [ISBN 0550 101616] (Chambers. Sports Factf.,2005)

2. Dictionary of Leisure, Travel and Tourism. Third edition. A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 2008. [ISBN 9780713685459] (Dict. of Leis., Trav. and Tour., 2008)

3. Dictionary. Sport, Physical Education, Sport Science. Editors Herbert Haag&Gerald Haag. Kiel, Institut f?r Sport und Sportwissenschaften, 2003. [ISBN 3-7780-3419-7] ((H.Haag &G. Haag, Dictionary, 2003)

4. Dictionary of Sport and Exercise Science A&Black Publishers Ltd 2006. [ISBN -10: 0713677856; ISBN-13: 9780713677850] (Dict. of Sp.and Ex.Sc,2006)

5. Dictionary of the Sport and Exercise Sciences. Mark H.Anshel, Editor. Human Kinetics Books Champaign, Illinois, 1991 [ISBN: 0-87322-379-9] (Dict. of sp. and Ex. Sc. 1991)

6. Interneta resurs: ; ; ; [6]

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SASINJUMI

abbrev. alp. Am. f/b angl. arch. art.gymn. athl. Austral. f/b autosp. badm. baseb. b/b beach v/b biathl. bilj. bobsl. bowl. box. crick. croq. curl. cycl. div. dog.rac. equest. f.skat. f/b fenc. freest. Gaelic f/b gymn.

abbreviation alpinism American football angling archery artistic gymnastics athletics Australian football autosport badminton baseball basketball beach volleyball biathlon billiards bobsleighing bowling boxing cricket croquet curling cycling diving dog racing equestrian figure skating football fencing freestyle skiing Gaelic football gymnastics

h/b hock. hurl. icehok. lacr. mart.arts. motorsp. net/b powerb. racq.b. realten. row. rugby L. rugby U. sail. shoot. skateb. ski. sl. sp.skat. surf. swim. synchr.swim. t.ten. ten. v/b w.polo w.ski wat.motorsp. weightl. wrest.

handball hockey hurling ice hockey lacrosse martial arts motorsports netball power boating racquetball realtennis rowing rugby League rugby Union sailing shooting skateboard skiing slang speed skating surfing swimming synchronized swimming table tennis tennis volleyball water polo water skiing water motorsport weightlifting wrestling

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A

Abalokov test a test of an athlete's ability to jump from a squat position (Dict. of Sp. and Ex. Sc. 2006, 2 p.)

abdominal muscles same as abdominals (Dict. of Sp. and Ex. Sc. 2006, 1 p.)

abdominal rigidity extreme tightness of the abdominal muscles caused by injury or insufficient warm-up (Dict. of Sp. and Ex. Sc. 2006, 1 p.)

abdominal roller a piece of gym equipment that works the abdominal muscles (Dict. of Sp. and Ex. Sc. 2006, 1 p.)

abdominal training a workout that concentrates on the abdominal muscles, especially with the aim of developing a six-pack (Dict. of Sp. and Ex. Sc. 2006, 1 p.)

abdominals the muscles found in the abdomen, particularly the internal and external obliques (Dict. of Sp. and Ex. Sc. 2006, 1 p.)

abducent used for describing a muscle that brings parts of the body away from each other or moves them away from the central line of the body or a limb. Compare adducent (Dict. of Sp. and Ex. Sc. 2006, 1 p.)

abduct to pull a leg or arm in a direction that is away from the centre line of the body, or to pull a toe or finger away from the central line of a leg or arm. Compare adduct (Dict. of Sp. and Ex. Sc. 2006, 1 p.)

abduction movement of a limb away from the body (Dict. of Sp. and Ex. Sc. 2006, 1 p.)

abductor a muscle that pulls the body or a limb away from a midpoint or midline (Dict. of Sp. and Ex. Sc. 2006, 1 p.)

ability 1. a natural tendency to do something successfully or well 2. a high degree of intelligence or competence 3. a particular gift for doing something well (Dict. of Sp. and Ex. Sc. 2006, 2 p.)

ability general capacity to perform on a range of motor skills. Relatively permanent and enduring after childhood, and underlying the person's present state. Through to be both genetically determined and influenced by learning experiences. Also called motor ability. (Dict. of sp. and Ex. Sc. 1991, 1p.)

ability-to-skill transfer the fact that an ability someone develops in learning one new skill can be extended to learn other skills (Dict. of Sp. and Ex. Sc. 2006, 2 p.)

able 1. physically or mentally equipped to do something 2. having the necessary resources or talent to do something (Dict. of Sp. and Ex. Sc. 2006, 2 p.)

able-bodied healthy and physically strong (Dict. of Sp. and Ex. Sc. 2006, 2 p.)

ableism discrimination in favour of those who are not physically or mentally disabled (Dict. of Sp. and Ex. Sc. 2006, 2 p.)

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aboard

if a batter is aboard, he has reached first base successfully (baseb. sl.) (Chambers.

Sports Factf.,2005,89p.)

abrasion a minor injury in the form of a graze to the skin (Dict. of Sp. and Ex. Sc. 2006, 2 p.)

abroad in or to another country (Dict. of Leis., Trav. and Tour., 2008,1p.)

abs the abdominal muscles, or exercises done to firm them (informal) (Dict. of Sp. and Ex. Sc. 2006, 2 p.)

abseil to descend a steep slope or vertical face using a rope that is secured at the top and passed through a series of coils or a harness around the body (Dict. of Sp. and Ex. Sc. 2006, 2 p.)

abseil to descend on a fixed rope by means of sliding and braking mechanisms (alp.) (Chambers. Sports Factf.,2005,425p.)

absence of blade the situation in which the fencer's blades are not in contact. The opposite of engagement (fenc.) [6]

absolute load the amount of resistance against a movement (Dict. of Sp. and Ex. Sc. 2006, 2 p.)

absolute strength the maximum weight that a person can lift (Dict. of Sp. and Ex. Sc. 2006, 2 p.)

absorption turn turn based on one of the principles in alpine skiing. The turn is initiated by a deloading of the skis, which is achieved by bending all the joints in the legs. The typical application of an absorption turn is in a mogul terrain where the flexing and extending of the legs is adapted to the terrain and the torso remains relatively steady. The following functional phases characterize an absorption turn: legs are being pushed up by the terrain, anticipation of the turning position, changing the edge position, extension of the legs, turning the skis, and steering the turn. (H.Haag &G. Haag, Dictionary, 2003, 11 p.)

absorption/extension the technique of absorbing the front side of a mogul with the knees, then extending and driving the hips forward over the backside of the mogul (freest.) [6]

abstracting the skill of being able to assess a situation in a team game and draw on previous experience to decide a course of action (Dict. of Sp. and Ex. Sc. 2006, 2 p.)

abuse the harmful use of drugs or alcohol to use something in an improper, illegal or harmful way (Dict. of Sp. and Ex. Sc. 2006, 2 p.)

academic sport psychology scientific discipline concerned with the influence of psychological variables on physical performance and the effect of participation in physical activity on psychological variables. (Dict. of sp. and Ex. Sc. 1991, 1p.)

academic sports psychology sports psychology that is theoretical and research-based (Dict. of Sp. and Ex. Sc. 2006, 2 p.)

accelerate to increase in speed. Opposite decelerate (Dict. of Sp. and Ex. Sc. 2006, 2 p.)

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acceleration 1. the act of accelerating 2. the rate of change of velocity. Opposite deceleration 3. an outward force caused by a change in direction without a change in speed (Dict. of Sp. and Ex. Sc. 2006, 2 p.)

acceleration sprinting a training exercise in which the athlete begins by jogging and gradually accelerates to a sprint (Dict. of Sp. and Ex. Sc. 2006, 3 p.)

accelerative force the force exerted on a body when it travels at an increasing speed, which can lead to injuries such as whiplash (Dict. of Sp. and Ex. Sc. 2006, 3 p.)

accept to take something which is being offered (Dict. of Leis., Trav. and Tour., 2008, 1p.)

access the easy availability of public sports facilities (Dict. of Sp. and Ex. Sc. 2006, 3 p.)

accessible suitable or adapted for people with disabilities (Dict. of Sp. and Ex. Sc. 2006, 3 p.)

accident an unpleasant event which happens suddenly and harms someone's health (Dict. of Leis., Trav. and Tour., 2008, 1p.)

accidentally offside a player is accidentally offside if he cannot avoid contact with an opponent while being offside. A scrummage is formed at the place where his team last played the ball (rugby) [6] acclimatisation the act of gradually getting your body used to something, e.g. heat or altitude (Dict. of Sp. and Ex. Sc. 2006, 3 p.)

acclimatization physiological changes that occur in the process of adapting to a new environment, such as high altitude. (Dict. of sp. and Ex. Sc. 1991, 2p.)

accommodate to provide lodging for someone (Dict. of Leis., Trav. and Tour., 2008, 2p.)

accommodating resistance the ability to exert maximum force on the muscles at all stages of a movement, usually achieved using specially adapted machines (Dict. of Sp. and Ex. Sc. 2006, 3 p.)

accommodation a place to live (Dict. of Leis., Trav. and Tour., 2008, 2p.)

accompanied travelling with an adult passenger (Dict. of Leis., Trav. and Tour., 2008, 2p.)

accomplished having considerable talent and skill (Dict. of Sp. and Ex. Sc. 2006, 3 p.)

accomplishment something achieved, usually something impressive or aimed for (Dict. of Sp. and Ex. Sc. 2006, 3 p.)

account 1. a record of financial transactions over a period of time, such as money paid, received, borrowed or owed. 2. an arrangement that a customer has to buy goods and pay for them at a later date, offen the end of the month (Dict. of Leis., Trav. and Tour., 2008, 2p.)

accountant the official who compiles scores from judges and computes placements (f.skat.) [6] accredit to officially recognise a person or organisation as having met a standard or criterion (Dict. of Sp. and Ex. Sc. 2006, 3 p.)

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