M10 C10.qxp 3/20/08 12:31 PM Page 371 CHAPTER 10

[Pages:46]CHAPTER 10

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

CHAPTER CONTENTS

MEDIA LIBRARY

LECTURE NOTES

Objective 1: Combining forms and suffixes Objective 2: Spell and pronounce Objective 3: Organs Objective 4: Pregnancy Objective 5: Sexually transmitted diseases Objective 6: Word building Objective 7: Vocabulary Objective 8: Pathology Objective 9: Diagnostic procedures Objective 10: Therapeutic procedures Objective 11: Pharmacology Objective 12: Abbreviations

WORKSHEETS

QUIZZES

ANSWER KEYS

371

372 373 374 378 379 379 381 383 385 387 389 390

393 399

413

MEDIA LIBRARY

Student DVD-ROM

? Twelve different interactive learning games ? Flash card generator ? Audio Glossary ? Professional Profile video--Emergency Medical

Service ? Body Rhythms ? Terminology Translator

Companion Website

? Multiple Choice, True/False, and Fill-in-the-Blank practice questions

? Labeling exercises ? Case study

? Additional Professional Profile information ? New York Times link for research into specific

pathologies ? Web Destination activities ? Audio Glossary ? Link to VangoNotes ? Link to drug updates

IRDVD

? Animations ? 3D interactive animation of female reproductive organs ? 3D interactive animation of male reproductive organs

? Drag-and-drop labeling activity for: ? Female reproductive organs ? Male reproductive organs

? Videos ? First stage of labor ? Part I ? First stage of labor ? Part II ? Second stage of labor ? Third stage of labor ? Part I ? Third stage of labor ? Part II ? Third stage of labor ? Part III ? Delivery of an infant ? Breast cancer ? Preeclampsia

? Apgar scoring ? Measuring fetal heart rate ? Cesarean delivery ? Erectile dysfunction ? Vasectomy ? Digital library of all figures from text chapter, labeled and unlabeled ? Test bank with 200 objective questions per chapter plus two short answer questions ? 20 classroom response questions ? PowerPoint presentation for classroom or online utilization

OBJECTIVE 1

Identify and define the combining forms and suffixes introduced in this chapter. Text pages: 312; 331; PowerPoint slides: 6?9; 111?113

LECTURE NOTES

Female Reproductive Combining Forms

amni/o

amnion

cervic/o

neck, cervix

chori/o

chorion

colp/o

vagina

culd/o

cul-de-sac

embry/o

embryo

episi/o

vulva

fet/o

fetus

gynec/o

woman, female

hymen/o

hymen

hyster/o

uterus

lact/o

milk

mamm/o

breast

mast/o

breast

men/o

menses, menstruation

metr/o

uterus

nat/o

birth

oophor/o

ovary

ov/o

egg

ovari/o

ovary

perine/o

perineum

salping/o

fallopian tubes, uterine tubes

uter/o

uterus

vagin/o

vagina

vulv/o

vulva

TEACHING STRATEGIES

? Encourage/remind students to add new word parts to their flash cards.

Medical Terminology Bee ? Create PowerPoint flash cards of new combining forms and suffixes presented in this chapter; have all students stand and then define word part; if student is correct, he or she remains standing; if student is wrong, he or she sits down; continue until only one student is standing.

LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Worksheet 10A ? New Word Parts handout

Worksheet 10B ? Medical Term Analysis

Quiz 10A ? May be used as a worksheet

Text ? Practice Exercises

Student DVD-ROM ? Learning games ? Make flash cards

CW ? Practice questions

372 Chapter 10/REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

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Female Reproductive Suffixes -arche

beginning

-cyesis

state of pregnancy

-gravida

pregnancy

-para

to bear (offspring)

-partum

childbirth

-salpinx

fallopian tube

-tocia

labor, childbirth

Male Reproductive Combining Forms

andr/o

male

balan/o

glans penis

crypt/o

hidden

epididym/o

epididymis

orch/o

testes

orchi/o

testes

orchid/o

testes

prostat/o

prostate

spermat/o

sperm

testicul/o

testes

varic/o

varicose veins

vas/o

vas deferens

vesicul/o

seminal vesicle

Male Reproductive Suffix -spermia

condition of sperm

ASSESSMENTS

Quiz 10A--New Word Parts Quiz Test Bank--Fill-in-the-Blank questions

OBJECTIVE 2

Correctly spell and pronounce medical terms and major anatomical structures relating to the reproductive systems.

LECTURE NOTES

Pronunciation for medical terms in this chapter can be found: ? In parentheses following key terms ? In the Audio Glossary on Student DVD-ROM ? In the Audio Glossary at Companion Website

TEACHING STRATEGIES

Emphasize to students: ? Importance of correctly spelling terms ? How sounding out terms can assist in learning how to spell terms

Say each new term in class and have students repeat it.

Pop Questions ? Use Clicker questions as either pretest or posttest quiz to gauge student comprehension of spelling strategies.

LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Worksheet 10B ? Medical Term Analysis

Terminology Checklist ? Can be used to practice pronunciation using the Audio Glossary as reference

? 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 10/REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 373

Text ? Practice Exercises

Flash cards ? Look at definition and write out/pronounce terms

Student DVD-ROM ? Audio Glossary ? Spelling Challenge game ? Crossword and Word Search puzzles

ASSESSMENTS

Quiz 10B--Spelling Quiz Suggested terms:

1. epispadias 2. progesterone 3. fimbriae 4. menstruation 5. trichomoniasis 6. hysterorrhexis 7. colostrum 8. intrauterine 9. menometrorrhagia 10. candidiasis 11. endometriosis 12. preeclampsia 13. hysterosalpingography 14. cesarean 15. abortifacient 16. epididymis 17. genitourinary 18. spermatogenesis 19. circumcision 20. cryptorchidism Test Bank--questions

OBJECTIVE 3

Locate and describe the major organs of the reproductive systems and their functions. Text pages: 314?318; 333?335; PowerPoint slides: 10?34; 114?141

LECTURE NOTES

Female Reproductive System

? Plays vital functions that ensure continuation of human race ? Produces ova, female reproductive cells ? Provides place for fertilization to occur and for baby to grow dur-

ing pregnancy ? Breasts provide nourishment for newborn ? Secretes female sex hormones ? System consists of both internal and external genitalia or reproduc-

tive organs (see . Figure 10.1)

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TEACHING STRATEGIES

Visual Aids ? Use full-size anatomical charts and models to illustrate different organs in these two systems.

IRDVD ? See PowerPoint presentation on the Instructor's Resource DVD for a drag-anddrop anatomy activity for both female and male reproductive systems; display on screen and have students discuss and place labels during class.

? 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

? Internal genitalia are located in pelvic cavity and consist of uterus, two ovaries, two fallopian tubes, and vagina, which extends to external surface of body

? External genitalia are collectively referred to as vulva

Ovaries

? Two ovaries, one on each side of uterus within pelvic cavity (see . Figure 10.1)

? Small almond-shaped glands that produce ova (singular is ovum) and female sex hormones (see . Figure 10.2)

? Approximately every 28 days, hormones from anterior pituitary, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), stimulate maturation of ovum and trigger ovulation, the process by which one ovary releases ovum (see . Figure 10.3)

? Principal female sex hormones produced by ovaries, estrogen and progesterone, stimulate lining of uterus to be prepared to receive fertilized ovum; hormones are also responsible for female secondary sexual characteristics

Fallopian Tubes

? Also called uterine tubes or oviducts ? Approximately 5 1/2 inches long and run from area around each

ovary to either side of upper portion of uterus (see . Figures 10.4 and 10.5) ? Unattached ends of these two tubes expand into finger-like projections called fimbriae; fimbriae catch ovum after ovulation and direct it into fallopian tube ? Tube propel ovum from ovary to uterus so that it can implant ? Meeting of egg and sperm, called fertilization or conception, normally takes place within upper one-half of fallopian tubes

Uterus

? Hollow, pear-shaped organ that contains thick muscular wall, mucous membrane lining, and rich supply of blood (see . Figure 10.5)

? Lies in center of pelvic cavity between bladder and rectum ? Normally bent slightly forward, called anteflexion; held in position

by strong fibrous ligaments anchored in outer layer of uterus, called perimetrium (see . Figure 10.1) ? Uterus has three sections: the fundus or upper portion, between where fallopian tubes connect to uterus; corpus or body, which is central portion; and cervix (Cx), or lower portion, also called neck of uterus, which opens into vagina ? Inner layer, or endometrium, of uterine wall contains rich blood supply; reacts to hormonal changes every month that prepare it to receive fertilized ovum; in normal pregnancy fertilized ovum implants in endometrium, which then provides nourishment and protection for developing baby ? Contractions of thick muscular walls of uterus, called myometrium, assist in propelling fetus through birth canal at delivery ? If pregnancy is not established, endometrium is sloughed off, resulting in menstruation or the menstrual period ? During pregnancy, lining of uterus remains to nourish unborn child; first menstrual period (usually during early teenage years) is called menarche; ending of menstrual activity and childbearing years is called menopause; generally occurs between ages of 40 and 55

Pop Questions ? Use Clicker questions as either a pretest or posttest quiz to gauge student comprehension during lecture.

IRDVD ? See PowerPoint presentation on the Instructor's Resource DVD for 3D animations for both female and male reproductive systems.

LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Worksheet 6C ? Chapter Review

Text ? Labeling exercises 10.A1, 10.A2 & 10.B ? Practice Exercises

Student DVD-ROM ? Labeling exercise ? Learning games

CW ? Labeling exercise ? Practice questions

Quizzes 10C and 10D ? May be used as worksheets

ASSESSMENTS

Quizzes 10C & 10D--Labeling Diagrams Test Bank--questions

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Chapter 10/REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 375

Vagina

? Muscular tube, lined with mucous membrane that extends from cervix of uterus to outside of body (see . Figure 10.6)

? Allows for passage of menstrual flow; during intercourse, it receives penis and semen, which is fluid containing sperm; serves as birth canal through which baby passes during normal vaginal birth

? Hymen is thin membranous tissue that partially covers external vaginal opening or vaginal orifice; membrane is broken by use of tampons, during physical activity, or during sexual intercourse

? Pair of glands, called Bartholin's glands, are located on either side of the vaginal orifice; secrete mucus for lubrication during intercourse

Vulva

? General term that refers to group of structures that make up female external genitalia

? Labia majora and labia minora are folds of skin; serve as protection for genitalia, vaginal orifice, and urinary meatus (see . Figure 10.7)

? Urinary tract and the reproductive organs are located in proximity to one another and each contains mucous membranes that can transport infection, there is a danger of infection

? Clitoris is small organ containing sensitive erectile tissue; aroused during sexual stimulation; corresponds to penis in male

? Region between vaginal orifice and anus is referred to as perineum

Breast

? Also called mammary glands ? Produces milk, process called lactation, to nourish newborn ? Size of breasts, which varies greatly from woman to woman, has no

bearing on ability to nurse or feed baby ? Milk is produced by lactiferous glands and is carried to nipple by

lactiferous ducts (see . Figure 10.8) ? Areola is pigmented area around nipple ? As long as breast is stimulated by nursing infant, breast will con-

tinue to secrete milk

Male Reproductive System

? Two main functions; produce sperm, male reproductive cell; secrete male sex hormones

? Major organs of reproduction are located outside body: penis, and two testes, each with epididymis (see . Figure 10.20)

? Penis contains urethra, which carries both urine and semen to outside of body; this system is sometimes referred to as genitourinary system (GU)

? Internal organs of reproduction include two seminal vesicles, two vas deferens, prostate gland, and two bulbourethral glands

Testes

? Singular is testis ? Also called testicles ? Oval in shape (see . Figure 10.20) ? Responsible for production of sperm; process called

spermatogenesis; takes place within seminiferous tubules that make up insides of testes (see . Figure 10.21); must be maintained at proper temperature for sperm to survive; lower temperature level is achieved by placement of testes suspended in scrotum, a sac outside body

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? 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

? Perineum of male is similar to that in female; area between scrotum and anus

? Male sex hormone testosterone, is responsible for development of male reproductive organs, sperm, and secondary sex characteristics, is also produced by testes

Epididymis

? Coiled tubule that lies on top of testes within scrotum (see . Figure 10.20)

? Serves as location for sperm maturation and storage until released into vas deferens

Penis

? Male sex organ containing erectile tissue encased in skin (see . Figure 10.20)

? Delivers semen into female vagina ? Tip of penis referred to as glans penis; protected by covering called

prepuce or foreskin; this covering of skin is removed during procedure known as circumcision ? Penis becomes erect during sexual stimulation, which allows it to be placed within female for ejaculation of semen ? Male urethra extends from urinary bladder to external opening in penis, urinary meatus, and serves dual function: elimination of urine and ejaculation of semen; during ejaculation, sphincter closes to keep urine from escaping

Vas Deferens

? Carries sperm from epididymis up into pelvic cavity; travel up in front of urinary bladder, over top, and then back down posterior side of bladder to empty into urethra (see . Figure 10.20)

? Vas deferens, nerves, arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels running between pelvic cavity and testes, form spermatic cord

Seminal Vesicles

? Two small glands located at base of urinary bladder (see . Figure 10.20)

? Connected to vas deferens just before it empties into urethra ? Secretes glucose-rich fluid that nourishes sperm; this liquid, along

with sperm, constitutes semen, fluid that is eventually ejaculated during sexual intercourse

Prostate Gland

? Single prostate gland located just below urinary bladder (see . Figure 10.20)

? Surrounds urethra and when enlarged can cause difficulty in urination ? Secretes alkaline fluid that assists in keeping sperm alive by neutral-

izing pH of urethra and vagina

Bulbourethral Glands

? Also known as Cowper's glands ? Two small glands located on either side of urethra just below

prostate (see . Figure 10.20) ? Produce mucus-like lubricating fluid that joins with semen to be-

come part of ejaculate

? 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 10/REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 377

OBJECTIVE 4

Use medical terms to describe circumstances relating to pregnancy. Text pages: 318?321; PowerPoint slides: 35?56

LECTURE NOTES

Pregnancy

? Period of time during which baby grows and develops in mother's uterus (see . Figure 10.9)

? Normal length of time for pregnancy, gestation, is 40 weeks; if baby born before completing 37 weeks of gestation, is premature

? From time fertilized egg implants in uterus until approximately end of eighth week, infant is referred to as embryo (see . Figure 10.10); during this period all major organs and body systems are formed

? Following embryo stage and lasting until birth, infant is called fetus (see . Figure 10.11); during this time, longest period of gestation, organs mature and begin to function

? Fetus receives nourishment from its mother by way of placenta; spongy, blood-filled organ that forms in uterus next to fetus; placenta is commonly referred to as afterbirth; fetus is attached to placenta by way of umbilical cord

? Fetus is surrounded by two membranous sacs, amnion and chorion; amnion is innermost sac and it holds amniotic fluid in which fetus floats; chorion is outer, protective sac and also forms part of placenta

Labor and Delivery

? Labor is process of expelling fetus from uterus and through vagina ? Dilation stage--first stage; uterine muscles contract strongly to

expel fetus (see . Figure 10.12A); during this process fetus presses on cervix and causes it to dilate; as cervix dilates, it also becomes thinner, referred to as effacement ? Expulsion stage--when cervix is completely dilated to 10 centimeters, second stage of labor begins (see . Figure 10.12B); ends with delivery of baby; head of baby appears first, referred to as crowning (see . Figure 10.10); in some cases baby's buttocks appear first, and this is referred to as breech presentation (see . Figure 10.13) ? Placental stage--last stage of labor (see . Figure 10.12C); after childbirth, uterus continues to contract, causing placenta to be expelled through vagina

TEACHING STRATEGIES

Visual Aids ? Use full-size anatomical charts and models to illustrate stages of fetal development.

IRDVD ? See PowerPoint presentation on the Instructor's Resource DVD for videos on: ? First stage of labor--Part I ? First stage of labor--Part II ? Second stage of labor ? Third stage of labor--Part I ? Third stage of labor--Part II ? Third stage of labor--Part III ? Delivery of an infant

Pop Questions ? Use Clicker questions as either a pretest or posttest quiz to gauge student comprehension during lecture

Guest Speaker ? Invite a nurse practitioner or midwife to discuss fertilization, pregnancy, labor, and delivery.

LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Worksheet 10C ? Chapter Review

Text ? Practice Exercises

Student DVD-ROM ? Learning games

CW ? Practice questions

ASSESSMENTS

Quiz 10G--Chapter Review Test Bank--questions

378 Chapter 10/REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

? 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

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