Study Guide #5



Art 1 – Study Guide 10 Early Medieval Art in the West

Chapter 16

Chronology

Barbarian: 400-800, Carolingian: 800-950, Ottonian: 950-1050

Works

Purse Cover, Gold, glass, enamel cloisonné with garnets and emeralds. Sutton Hoo ship burial in

Suffolk, England, c. 625

Wooden Portal of stave church at Urnes, Norway c. 1050-1070.

Cross and Carpet page Lindisfarne Gospels, Tempera on vellum. Northumbria, England,

c. 698-721.

Saint Matthew, folio 25 V from the Lindisfarne Gospels, Northumbria, England c. 698-721.

Chi Rho Iota page from Book of Kells, probably from Iona Scotland, c. 793

High Cross of Muiredach at Monasterboice, Ireland. 923.

San Juan Bautista, Banos de Cerrato, Spain, 661.

Equestrian portrait of Charlemagne or Charles the Bald, Metz, Germany, 9th century.

Saint Matthew, from the Ebbo Gospels, Hautvillers, France, c. 816-835.

Crucifixion from the cover of the Lindau Gospels, from Saint Gall, Switzerland, c. 870

Odo of Metz, Palatine Chapel of Charlemagne, Aachen, Germany, 792 – 805.

Schematic Plan of monastery of St. Gall, Switzerland, c. 819

Abby church, Corvey, Germany 873-885

or St. Pantaleon, Cologne, Germany, 966-980.

Saint Cyriakus, Gernrode, Germany, 961-973 or



St. Michael’s, Hildesheim, Germany, c. 1001-1031.

Doors with relief panels, bronze, St. Michael’s Church, Hildesheim, Germany, 1015.

Gero Crucifix, painted wood, Cologne Cathedral, c. 970.

Otto III Enthroned from Gospel Book of Otto III. Tempera on vellum. Trier, Germany, 997-1000.

Vocabulary

Mozarabic

Animal style

Westwork

Fibula

Bernward

Feudalism

Monasticism

Alternate support system

Ottonian

Carolingian

Ottonian

Pier

Renovatio Romae

Beowulf

Cloisonné

Hiberno-Saxon

feudalism

Early Medieval Europe Study Questions

1. Describe the similarities and differences between San Vitale in Ravenna and the Palace Chapel at Aachen. What is the reason for the similarities? What are the dates?

2. What were the effects on art of the conversion of the Germanic tribes to Christianity? Supply specific examples with dates.

3. How would you summarize the role of Charlemagne in Northern Europe, referring specifically to his cultural and artistic efforts; what were the lasting results? Give two examples and dates.

4. The most important patrons of art during the Early Medieval period were the nobility and the clergy. Why was this? Select at least two examples of each category to describe them and discuss their styles. Include the dates!

5. Explain the significance for the subsequent development of Northern European church architecture the plan of St. Gall and the church of St. Michael at Hildesheim. Compare them and give their dates.

Study Guide #11 Romanesque

Chapter 17

Works

St. Sernin in Toulouse, France 1070-1120

Bernardus Gelduinus, Christ in Majesty, ambulatory relief in St. Sernin, ca. 1096

Speyer Cathedral in Speyer, Germany 1030-1106.

St. Ambrogio in Milan, Italy late 11th – early 12th c.

Pisa Cathedral, Pisa, Italy begun 1063

Saint-Etienne, Caen, France, begun 1067

Cluny III, Cluny, France, 1088-1130

Durham Cathedral, Durham, England, begun ca. 1093

The Romanesque church portal: Tympanum, archivolts, voussoirs, jambs, trumeau, lintel

Wiligelmo Creation and Temptation of Adam and Eve. Modena Cathedral, c. 1110. marble

Gislebertus Last Judgement, Cathedral of St. Lazare west tympanum, Autun, France, 1120-1135

Pentecost and Mission of the Apostles, La Madelaine, Vezelay, France, 1120-1132.

The Second Coming (Christ in Majesty), Saint-Pierre, Moissac, France, ca. 1115-1135

Cistercian abbey church of Notre-Dame, Fontenay, France, 1139-1147

Madonna and Child, Auvergne, France wood, c. 1150

Reliquary of St. Alexander, Stavelot Abbey, Belgium. Silver, gilt bronze, gems,

enamel, 17” H. dated 1145

Christ in Majesty, apse fresco from Santa Maria del Mur, Spain c. 1150 ,22 x 24’

Eadwine the Scribe at Work from the Eadwine Psalter, England. ink and tempera

on vellum ca. 1160-1170

Bayeux Tapestry. Bayeux Cathedral, France c. 1070-1080. 20” x 230’

Vision of Hildegard of Bingen facsimile of lost folio from Scivias (Know the Way).

Completed c. 1151

Vocabulary

|Trumeaux |Choir |

|Tympanum |William the Conqueror |

|Gislebertus |Six partite vaulting |

|Bayeux Tapestries |Crusades |

|Mandorla |Cistercian |

|Flying buttress |Archivolt |

|Tribune |Ambulatory |

|Radiating chapel |Bernard of Clairvaux (1090-1153) |

Romanesque Study Questions

1. Compare the roofing of the nave and aisles in St. Michael’s at Hildesheim, St. Sernin at Toulouse, and Durham Cathedral.

2. What are the symbols of the four evangelists? Give a specific dated example of their occurrence in art.

3. What effect did the Norman Conquest have on the art of England? Explain and give a specific dated example.

4.Why were ambulatories popular in pilgrimage churches? Explain and give a specific dated example.

5. What is meant by a groin vault? How does it differ from a ribbed vault? Give specific dated examples of each.

6. What is meant by the Last Judgement in Christian iconography? Why was it so popular during the Romanesque period, particularly in France?

7. How do the topics of religious art mirror the specific historical and social situations of the Church during both the Early and High Middle Ages? Discuss using well-described dated examples from sculpture, painting and mosaics.

8. Describe the major differences between and Early Christian basilica (St. Peter’s) and a Romanesque church (St. Sernin.) What are the most important ideas or motivations behind the changes? Be specific and give dates.

Study Guide 12 GOTHIC

Chapter 18

Chronology: Early Gothic 1145-1200

High Gothic 1200-1300

Late Gothic 1300-1500

Regional styles: France, England, Holy Roman Empire

Works

Abbey church, Saint-Denis, Ambulatory and radiating chapels. France, 1140-1144

Royal Portals, Chartres Cathedral, west facade 1140-50

Exterior, Notre Dame de Paris 1163

Rose Window, Chartres Cathedral 1220

Old testament kings and queen, jamb statues, central doorway, Royal Portal, Chartres, 1145- 1155 (naturalism, three dimensional volumes attached to columns)

Laon Cathedral, begun c. 1190. Pointed arches resting on ribbed vaults, triforium

Saints Martin, Jerome and Gregory, Porch of the Confessors, Chartres Cathedral c. 1220

Robert de Luzarches, Thomas de Cormont, Renaud de Cormont, Amiens Cathedral, begun 1220

Visitation, Rheims Cathedral, ca. 1230

Sainte-Chapelle, Paris, 1243-1248

Virgin of Paris, Notre Dame, Paris 1320s

House of Jacques Coeur, Bourges, France. 1395-1456

God as the Architect of the World, ink, tempera, gold leaf, on vellum. Paris, ca. 1220-1230

Jean Pucelle, David before Saul, Belleville Breviary, ca. 1325. Ink and tempera on vellum.

The Castle of Love and Knights Jousting, ivory and iron lid of jewelry box 4 ½ x 9 ¾ “

Salisbury Cathedral, Salisbury, England 1220-1258 decorated style

Tomb of Edward II, Gloucester Cathedral, England ca. 1330-1335

Cologne Cathedral begun 1248

Church of Saint Elizabeth, Marburg, Germany 1235-1283, hall church

Ekkehard and Uta, Naumburg Cathedral, painted limestone ca. 1249-1255

Bamberg Rider, c. 1235-1240 sandstone. Bamberg Cathedral, Germany

Röttgen Pieta, c. 1300-1325. Rhineland, Germany, painted wood.

Nicholas of Verdun, Shrine of the Three Kings, ca. 1190, Cologne Cathedral, Germany

Vocabulary

Archivolt

Elegant style

Flamboyant Gothic

Mariology

Perpendicular Gothic

Triforium

Abbot Sugar

Hall Church

Ile de France

Rayonnant style

Theme of Chivalrous Knight and His Lady in the Castle

Fan vaults

Use textbook vocabulary for the Gothic Cathedral

Gothic Study Questions

1. What is generally believed to have been the purpose of the sculptural programs of the portals of the great Gothic cathedrals? How did these programs differ from the sculptural programs of the Romanesque portals?

2. Assess the role of light in Gothic architecture from the point of view both of symbolism and structure.

3. How did the “poetry of love” or romance literature, influence the luxury arts? Support your essay with specific examples.

4.Contrast Chartres Cathedral and Salisbury Cathedral. How does each reflect its regional style?

Which elements are similar and which are different and why?

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