Memory Management - MIT OpenCourseWare
1
Memory Management:
From Absolute Addresses
to Demand Paging
Joel Emer
Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
M.I.T.
Based on the material prepared by
Arvind and Krste Asanovic
Memory Management
? The Fifties
- Absolute Addresses
- Dynamic address translation
? The Sixties
- Paged memory systems and TLBs - Atlas' Demand paging
? Modern Virtual Memory Systems
6.823 L9-2 Emer
October 12, 2005
Names for Memory Locations
6.823 L9-3 Emer
machine ISA
virtual
Address
Physical
Mapping physical Memory
language
address
address (DRAM)
address
? Machine language address
? as specified in machine code
? Virtual address
? ISA specifies translation of machine code address into virtual address of program variable (sometime called effective address)
? Physical address
operating system specifies mapping of virtual address into name for a physical memory location
October 12, 2005
Absolute Addresses
6.823 L9-4 Emer
EDSAC, early 50's virtual address = physical memory address
? Only one program ran at a time, with unrestricted access to entire machine (RAM + I/O devices)
? Addresses in a program depended upon where the program was to be loaded in memory
? But it was more convenient for programmers
to write location-independent subroutines
How could location independence be achieved?
October 12, 2005
Dynamic Address Translation
6.823 L9-5 Emer
Physical Memory
Motivation
In the early machines, I/O operations were slow and each word transferred involved the CPU
Higher throughput if CPU and I/O of 2 or more programs were overlapped. How?
multiprogramming
Location independent programs
Programming and storage management ease need for a base register
Protection
Independent programs should not affect
each other inadvertently
need for a bound register
prog1 prog2
October 12, 2005
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